Transcameral suture to prevent tube-corneal touch after glaucoma drainage device implantation: a new surgical technique

PURPOSE: To report a new technique to correct tube position in anterior chamber after glaucoma drainage device implantation.

PATIENT AND METHODS: A patient who underwent a glaucoma drainage device implantation was noted to have the tube touching the corneal endothelium. A 10/0 polypropylene suture with double-armed 3-inch long straight needle was placed transcamerally from limbus to limbus, in the superior part of the eye, passing the needle in front of the tube.

RESULTS: The position of the tube in the anterior chamber was corrected with optimal distance from corneal endothelium and iris surface. The position remained satisfactory after 20 months of follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS: The placement of a transcameral suture offers a safe, quick, and minimal invasive intervention for the correction of the position of a glaucoma drainage device tube in the anterior chamber.

Simultaneous use of mitomycin-C with Baerveldt implantation

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of Baerveldt implantation with adjunctive mitomycin-C in cases of complicated glaucoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors reviewed the charts of all patients who had undergone Baerveldt implantation with mitomycin-C between January 1993 and March 1995. Success was defined before data collection as an intraocular pressure (IOP) between 5 and 21 mm Hg, with or without medications. The success rate was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier actuarial method. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients were identified. The mean preoperative IOP was 33.6 mm Hg, with an average of 2.0 antiglaucoma medications. The probability of success at 6 and 12 months for patients who received mitomycin-C during Baerveldt implantation was 82.4% and 73.3%, respectively. Choroidal effusion with a flat anterior chamber (10.3%), corneal edema (6.8%), and conjunctival erosion (6.8%) were the most frequent complications. CONCLUSION: In this retrospective series of complicated glaucoma, the implantation of a Baerveldt drainage device with adjunctive mitomycin-C had a satisfactory outcome. The complications encountered and the clinical efficacy were comparable to those of previously reported series in which mitomycin-C was not used.

Mitomycin-C supplemented trabeculectomy, phacoemulsification, and foldable lens implantation

Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of combined mitomycin-C filtering surgery, phacoemulsification, and foldable intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Setting: Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 182 eyes of 174 patients who had combined mitomycin-C trabeculectomy, phacoemulsification, and insertion of a foldable IOL through a 3.5 mm incision. Success of the combined procedure was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) below 21 mm Hg, with or without medications, and no serious complication. Success rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier actuarial method. Results: Mean follow-up was 16.7 months ± 5.4 (SD). The probability of success at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months was 98.3, 95.6, 90.6, and 88.0%, respectively. When compared with preoperativety, visual acuity improved one or more lines in 148 eyes (81.3%) and worsened one or more lines in 15 (8.2%); 111 eyes (61.0%) achieved visual acuity of 20/40 or better. The most frequent complication was posterior capsule opacification requiring capsulotomy, which occurred in 22 cases (12.0%). Conclusion: The 1 year and 2 year IOP control rate of combined mitomycin-C filtering procedures and phacoemulsification in glaucoma patients was high.

Efficacy and safety of adjunctive mitomycin C during Ahmed Glaucoma Valve implantation:A prospective randomized clinical trial

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intraoperative mitomycin C (MMC) in eyes undergoing Ahmed Glaucoma Valve implantation. Design Randomized controlled clinical trial. Participants Sixty patients with refractory glaucoma. Intervention Sixty eyes of 60 patients with refractory glaucoma were randomized to receive intraoperative MMC (0.5 mg/ml for 5 minutes) (n = 34) or balanced salt solution (n = 26) during Ahmed Glaucoma Valve implantation. Main outcome measures Surgical success was defined according to 2 different criteria: (1) postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) between 6 and 21 mmHg, with or without antiglaucoma medications, and (2) IOP reduction of at least 30% relative to preoperative values. Eyes requiring additional glaucoma surgery, developing phthisis, or showing loss of light perception were classified as failures. Success rates in both groups were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the log rank test. Other outcome measures were mean IOP, number of glaucoma medications, and complications. Results After a mean follow-up of 12.3 months, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a probability of success of 59% at 18 months for the MMC group and 61% for the control group when the first criterion for success was used (IOP between 6 and 21 mmHg). When an IOP reduction of at least 30% was used as the criterion to define success, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated a probability of success at 18 months of 62% for the MMC group and 67% for the control group. There were no significant differences in survival rates between the 2 groups with either criterion (P = 0.75 and P = 0.37, respectively). After 15 days postoperatively, the mean IOP did not significantly differ for both MMC and control eyes. Mean numbers of postoperative antiglaucoma medications were similar in MMC-treated eyes and controls. There was no significant difference between the incidences of postoperative complications in both groups. Conclusion Mitomycin C did not increase the short- or intermediate-term success rates of Ahmed Glaucoma Valve implantation. © 2004 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

The effectiveness of early lens extraction with intraocular lens implantation for the treatment of primary angle-closure glaucoma (EAGLE): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Although primary open-angle glaucoma is more common, primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is more likely to result in irreversible blindness. By 2020, 5·3 million people worldwide will be blind because of PACG. The current standard care for PACG is a stepped approach of a combination of laser iridotomy surgery (to open the drainage angle) and medical treatment (to reduce intraocular pressure). If these treatments fail, glaucoma surgery (eg, trabeculectomy) is indicated. It has been proposed that, because the lens of the eye plays a major role in the mechanisms leading to PACG, early clear lens extraction will improve glaucoma control by opening the drainage angle. This procedure might reduce the need for drugs and glaucoma surgery, maintain good visual acuity, and improve quality of life compared with standard care.EAGLE aims to evaluate whether early lens extraction improves patient-reported, clinical outcomes, and cost-effectiveness, compared with standard care.

METHODS/DESIGN: EAGLE is a multicentre pragmatic randomized trial. All people presenting to the recruitment centres in the UK and east Asia with newly diagnosed PACG and who are at least 50 years old are eligible.The primary outcomes are EQ-5D, intraocular pressure, and incremental cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Other outcomes are: vision and glaucoma-specific patient-reported outcomes, visual acuity, visual field, angle closure, number of medications, additional surgery (e.g., trabeculectomy), costs to the health services and patients, and adverse events.A single main analysis will be done at the end of the trial, after three years of follow-up. The analysis will be based on all participants as randomized (intention to treat). 400 participants (200 in each group) will be recruited, to have 90% power at 5% significance level to detect a difference in EQ-5D score between the two groups of 0·05, and a mean difference in intraocular pressure of 1·75 mm Hg. The study will have 80% power to detect a difference of 15% in the glaucoma surgery rate.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN44464607.

Cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation in anterior megalophthalmos

This report describes the implantation of a standard posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) in a patient with bilateral cataract and anterior megalophthalmos. After extracapsular cataract extraction, the IOL was sutured to the posterior surface of the iris and anterior capsule. Different types of IOLs were used in each eye, and the surgical technique was adapted to the characteristics of the IOL. No complications were noted. Visual rehabilitation was successful. Extracapsular cataract extraction with a posterior chamber IOL sutured to the posterior surface of the iris and anterior capsule is a useful option in patients with anterior megalophthalmos and cataract.

A predictive maintenance system for integral type faults based on support vector machines:An application to ion implantation

In semiconductor fabrication processes, effective management of maintenance operations is fundamental to decrease costs associated with failures and downtime. Predictive Maintenance (PdM) approaches, based on statistical methods and historical data, are becoming popular for their predictive capabilities and low (potentially zero) added costs. We present here a PdM module based on Support Vector Machines for prediction of integral type faults, that is, the kind of failures that happen due to machine usage and stress of equipment parts. The proposed module may also be employed as a health factor indicator. The module has been applied to a frequent maintenance problem in semiconductor manufacturing industry, namely the breaking of the filament in the ion-source of ion-implantation tools. The PdM has been tested on a real production dataset. © 2013 IEEE.

Artificial urinary sphincter implantation in the irradiated patient:safety, efficacy and satisfaction

Objective To compare the long-term outcome of artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) implantation in patients after prostatectomy, with and with no history of previous irradiation.

Patients and methods The study included 98 men (mean age 68 years) with urinary incontinence after prostatectomy for prostate cancer (85 radical, 13 transurethral resection) who had an AUS implanted. Twenty-two of the patients had received adjuvant external beam irradiation before AUS implantation. Over a mean (range) follow-up of 46 (5-118) months, the complication and surgical revision rates were recorded and compared between irradiated and unirradiated patients. The two groups were also compared for the resolution of incontinence and satisfaction, assessed using a questionnaire.

Results Overall, surgical revision was equally common in irradiated (36%) and unirradiated (24%) patients. After activating the AUS, urethral atrophy, infection and erosion requiring surgical revision were more common in irradiated patients (41% vs 11%; P <0.05); 70% of patients reported a significant improvement in continence, regardless of previous irradiation. Patient satisfaction remained high, with >80% of patients stating that they would undergo surgery again and/or recommend it to others, despite previous Irradiation and/or the need for surgical revision.

Conclusions Despite higher complication and surgical revision rates in patients who have an AUS implanted and have a history of previous Irradiation, the long-term continence and patient satisfaction appear not to be adversely affected.

I can hear once more: The role of the Anaesthetic Nurse specialist in Cochlear implantation for people with long term deafness

This paper examines the role of the Anaesthetic Nuse Specialist(ANS) in the context of innovative cochlear implant surgery which restores hearing to those with long term deafness. The specific focus is patient centered care during the long surgery under local anaestha when the patient is awake.
It is crucial during this surgery that the patient remains still, relaxed and calm, the ANS has been particularly creative using communication cards and tablets to allow patients to write questions and the nurse to answer. The writers capture the unique moment when someone with long term hearing can hear, and the ensuing emotion from the patient and theatre team.

Implantation de l'approche orientante dans une école secondaire état de la situation

Ce mémoire porte sur l'évaluation de l'implantation de l'approche orientante dans une école secondaire de l'Estrie. Les données ont été recueillies auprès des membres du personnel scolaire à l'aide d'un questionnaire développé en concertation avec le comité d'approche orientante de ce milieu. Les résultats indiquent d'une part, que le processus d'implantation de l'approche orientante est en cours mais qu'il n'est pas encore terminé et, d'autre part, qu'il existe des conditions gagnantes à l'implantation de ce concept dont une conception commune, la collaboration entre les acteurs, la formation du personnel, la mise en place de ressources et une évaluation continue des efforts entrepris.

Les représentations des enseignants du primaire à l'égard d'une innovation scolaire : le cas de l'implantation du programme éthique et culture religieuse au Québec

Au Québec, le programme d'éthique et culture religieuse a influencé les pratiques éducatives des enseignants. (Conseil supérieur de l'éducation, 2003, 2009; Deniger, 2004; Gouvernement du Québec, 1999, 2005). Les réactions lors de son implantation ont stimulé cette analyse sous l'aspect politique, idéologique, organisationnel et pédagogique. Nous cherchions à connaître et comprendre comment les titulaires du primaire se représentent le processus d'implantation du programme ÉCR. Notre méthodologie exploratoire qualitative se fonde sur quatorze entrevues semidirigées dans 4 régions du Québec. Sans être en mesure de généraliser, nos travaux font tout de même ressortir le processus d'implantation d'une innovation scolaire. (Bonami et ai, 1996 ; Cros, 2001). De plus, notre recherche fournit une réflexion sur les facteurs facilitant ou non l'implantation d'un programme scolaire. En effet, la théorie de l'ingénierie de formation, facilite l'analyse des conditions les plus pertinentes à la mise en place d'un changement d'envergure au sein d'une organisation.

Recherche-formation-action sur l'expérience de la persévérance, deux enseignantes au primaire, lors de l'implantation d'approches ou d'outils pédagogiques

Si vous êtes présentement à la recherche d’un ouvrage traitant de la persévérance, cet essai vous est destiné. C’est par le biais de l’implantation de la pédagogie par ateliers, du portfolio et des intelligences multiples que nous, deux enseignantes-chercheuses du primaire, avons exploré notre persévérance. Cette exploration nous a permis de mieux comprendre le phénomène de la persévérance pour, par la suite, identifier des composantes telles que des comportements, des attitudes ou des structures qui ont une incidence positive sur notre persévérance lors de l’implantation d’approches ou d’outils pédagogiques. Ce projet a pris naissance suite à l’avènement du nouveau curriculum de 2001, en éducation. La nouvelle philosophie qu’il proposait est venue déstabilisée nos pratiques professionnelles. Pour remédier à la situation, nous nous sommes retournées vers la formation continue offerte par notre commission scolaire Ayant le besoin d’approfondir les sujets abordés, nous nous sommes engagées dans un programme universitaire de deuxième cycle offert par l’Université de Sherbrooke. Au cours de cette formation, nous avons eu l’opportunité de nous familiariser avec différentes approches ou outils pédagogiques. Parmi ceux-ci, trois nous ont rejointes davantage puisqu’ils correspondaient à nos valeurs de pédagogues: la pédagogie par ateliers, le portfolio et les intelligences multiples. Nous avons donc décidé de les implanter dans nos classes. Cette implantation signifiait pour nous une façon d’adapter nos pratiques pour davantage répondre à la nouvelle philosophie du curriculum. À chaque fois, nous faisions face au même problème: nous abandonnions, soit de façon partielle ou totale, l’implantation d’approches ou d’outils pédagogiques. Nous voulons donc résoudre notre problème de persévérance pour en arriver à une implantation complète. L’objectif de ce projet de recherche est de comprendre le phénomène de la persévérance pour, par la suite, identifier les composantes qui contribuent à persévérer lors de l’implantation d’approches ou d’outils pédagogiques retenus. Pour ce faire, nous avons établi un cadre méthodologique et nous avons sélectionné des instruments de recherche. Tout d’abord, nous avons privilégié l’approche qualitative puisque ce projet de recherche est destiné à recueillir des informations afin de comprendre nos attitudes et nos comportements à l'égard de notre persévérance. Par la suite, nous avons retenu un type de recherche inspirée de Fernandez, la recherche-formation-action (combinaison de la recherche-formation et de la recherche-action) puisqu’elle permet, à la fois, de nous former sur notre persévérance et d’agir sur elle. Par conséquent, l’enjeu de cette recherche est ontogénique parce qu’il s’agit du propre développement des enseignantes-chercheuses. Finalement, pour atteindre notre objectif de recherche, nous avons besoin d’instruments pour colliger les données. Dans un premier temps, le récit de pratique traite de la dimension professionnelle par le biais de la synthèse rétrospective et du journal de bord. En ce qui concerne la dimension personnelle, nous avons privilégié l’histoire de vie et c’est le journal personnel qui est utilisé pour recueillir les faits liés à notre persévérance. Toutes les démarches ou lectures entreprises nous ont amenées à des conclusions positives. Lors de nos lectures, nous avons découvert une procédure pour persévérer, les qualités d’une personne persévérante, les ennemis de la persévérance, les cinq domaines principaux de l’intelligence émotionnelle, le self-control, les étapes de résolution de problème, les variables de la motivation ainsi que les quatre facteurs influençant les actes volontaires. Tous ces concepts ont une incidence positive sur notre persévérance lors de l’implantation d’approches ou d’outils pédagogiques. Certains de ces concepts prennent encore plus d’importance lorsqu’ils sont interliés à d’autres. Pour ce faire, nous avons créé une allégorie qui permet de réunir tous ces concepts puisqu’ils jouent un rôle majeur sur notre persévérance. Les composantes trouvées ainsi que nos lectures constituent des outils essentiels pour nous permettre de vivre l’expérience de la persévérance. Au-delà des découvertes réalisées, nous sommes unanimes pour dire que pour apprendre à persévérer il faut, d’abord et avant tout, vivre l’expérience de la persévérance, qui fait l’objet de cette recherche. Nous estimons que les composantes (comportements, attitudes et structures), trouvées par l’entremise de nos lectures et de cet essai, constituent de précieux outils pour aider une personne à persévérer puisqu’il y a peu de travaux qui ont traité de ce sujet. Finalement, nous espérons que notre essai encouragera d’autres chercheurs à innover dans leur recherche, comme nous l’avons fait avec l’élaboration de nos étapes de recherche et le choix du type de recherche, puisque c’est en explorant de nouvelles avenues que nous apportons de la nouveauté dans le monde de la recherche. Bref, nous considérons notre essai comme une contribution à la recherche tant par les découvertes que nous y avons faites concernant la persévérance que par la nouveauté que nous avons apporté au niveau méthodologique.

Transcatheter stent-valve implantation in a stenotic pulmonary conduit via a sub-xyphoidian access

Patients who develop a severe stenosis in biological pulmonary conduits previously implanted for pulmonary outflow trunk reconstructions are treated either by surgical re-replacement, or by transcatheter stent-valve implantation through a femoral vein access. A catheter-based sub-xyphoidian access through the right ventricle for stent-valve positioning in a pulmonary conduit has rarely been proposed. We describe the case of a 20-year-old man who underwent a pulmonary trunk reconstruction for a congenital pulmonary valve dysplasia and a few years later developed a stenosis in the pulmonary conduit. He was successfully treated with a 23 mm Edwards Sapien stent-valve implantation in pulmonary position, through an unusual right ventricular, sub-xyphoidian access and without contrast medium injections and pleura opening.

A fully echo-guided trans-apical aortic valve implantation.

The trans-apical aortic valve implantation (TA-AVI) is an established technique for high-risk patients requiring aortic valve replacement. Traditionally, preoperative (computed tomography (CT) scan, coronary angiogram) and intra-operative imaging (fluoroscopy) for stent-valve positioning and implantation require contrast medium injections. To preserve the renal function in elderly patients suffering from chronic renal insufficiency, a fully echo-guided trans-catheter valve implantation seems to be a reasonable alternative. We report the first successful TA-AVI procedure performed solely under trans-oesophageal echocardiogram control, in the absence of contrast medium injections.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI): state of the art techniques and future perspectives.

Transcatheter aortic valve therapies are the newest established techniques for the treatment of high risk patients affected by severe symptomatic aortic valve stenosis. The transapical approach requires a left anterolateral mini-thoracotomy, whereas the transfemoral method requires an adequate peripheral vascular access and can be performed fully percutaneously. Alternatively, the trans-subclavian access has been recently proposed as a third promising approach. Depending on the technique, the fine stent-valve positioning can be performed with or without contrast injections. The transapical echo-guided stent-valve implantation without angiography (the Lausanne technique) relies entirely on transoesophageal echocardiogramme imaging for the fine stent-valve positioning and it has been proved that this technique prevents the onset of postoperative contrast-related acute kidney failure. Recent published reports have shown good hospital outcomes and short-term results after transcatheter aortic valve implantation, but there are no proven advantages in using the transfemoral or the transapical technique. In particular, the transapical series have a higher mean logistic Euroscore of 27-35%, a procedural success rate above 95% and a mean 30-day mortality between 7.5 and 17.5%, whereas the transfemoral results show a lower logistic Euroscore of 23-25.5%, a procedural success rate above 90% and a 30-day mortality of 7-10.8%. Nevertheless, further clinical trials and long-term results are mandatory to confirm this positive trend. Future perspectives in transcatheter aortic valve therapies would be the development of intravascular devices for the ablation of the diseased valve leaflets and the launch of new stent-valves with improved haemodynamic, different sizes and smaller delivery systems.