Mechanical behavior of natural fiber composites

The use of natural fibers as reinforcement in polymeric composites for technical applications has been a research subject of scientists during the last decade. There is a great interest in the application of sisal fiber as substitutes for glass fibers, motivated by potential advantages of weight saving, lower raw material price, and ecological advantages of using green resources which are renewable and biodegradable.Castor oil, a triglyceride vegetable that has hydroxyl groups, was reacted with 4,4' diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) to produce the polyurethane matrix. Woven sisal fibers were used untreated and thermal treated at 60 C for 72h, and the composites were processed by compression molding.The present work study tensile behavior at four composites: dry sisal/polyurethane, humid sisal/polyurethane, dry sisal/phenolic and humid sisal/phenolic resin. The moisture content influences of sisal fibers on the mechanical behaviors were analyzed.Experimental results showed a higher tensile strength for the sisal/phenolic composites followed by sisal/polyurethane, respectively. In this research, sisal composites were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of ICM11

Tipos de fibras no músculo flexor longo do hálux de frangos de corte submetidos ao estresse pelo calor e frio e alimentados em pair-feeding

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da temperatura ambiente sobre as características morfométricas das fibras musculares do músculo flexor longo do hálux de frangos de corte alimentados com a mesma quantidade de ração (pair-feeding), isolando-se o efeito do consumo voluntário de alimento. Foram utilizados 16 frangos de corte machos, Ross, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos (estresse pelo calor e frio), com sete e nove repetições cada, respectivamente. Aos 43 dias de idade, o peso médio das aves estressadas pelo calor (1255 g) foi maior que o das aves estressadas pelo frio em pair-feeding (1086 g). O músculo das aves submetidas ao estresse pelo calor e pelo frio apresentou 22,82 e 27,93% de fibras brancas (FG - Fast Glycolytic), 52,76 e 47,67% de intermediárias (FOG - Fast Oxidative Glycolytic) e 24,42 e 24,40% de vermelhas (SO - Slow Oxidative), respectivamente. O diâmetro das fibras FG foi maior no músculo das aves submetidas ao calor (48,69 mm), quando comparado ao das aves submetidas ao frio (37,74 mm). A freqüência e o número dos tipos de fibras no músculo não diferiram entre as aves estressadas pelo calor e pelo frio. O estresse pelo frio associado à limitação no consumo de alimento determinou redução no crescimento e alterou a composição dos tipos de fibras no músculo flexor longo do hálux de frangos de corte, reduzindo o tamanho das fibras do tipo FG e mantendo o tamanho das fibras SO e FOG, as quais apresentam metabolismo oxidativo, associado à maior produção de calor.

Assessment of water contamination caused by a mutagenic textile effluent/dyehouse effluent bearing disperse dyes

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Photoelectrocatalytical degradation of basic blue 41 dye using nanoporous semiconductor of Ti/TiO2

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Caracterização mecânica e térmica de compósitos de poli (cloreto de vinila) reforçados com fibras de sisal

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Investigation of New Ion Conducting Ormolytes Silica-Polypropyleneglycol

Two groups of hybrid organic-inorganic composites exhibiting ionic conduction properties, so called ORMOLYTES (organically modified electrolytes), have been prepared by the sol-gel process. The first group has been prepared from mixture of a lithium salt and 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane(IsoTrEOS),O,O′-bis(2-aminopropyl) polypropyleneglycol. These materials produce chemical bonds between the organic (polymer) and the inorganic (silica) phases. The second group has been prepared by an ultrasonic method from a mixture of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), polypropyleneglycol and a lithium salt. The organic and inorganic phases are not chemically bonded in these samples. The Li+ ionic conductivity, σ, of all these materials has been studied by AC impedance spectroscopy up to 100°C. Values of σ up to 10-6 Ω-1·cm-1 have been found at room temperature. A systematic study of the effects of lithium concentration, polymer chain length and the polymer to silica weight ratio on σ shows that there is a strong dependence of σ on the preparation conditions. The dynamic properties of the Li+ ion and the polymer chains as a function of temperature between -100 and 120°C were studied using 7Li solid-state NMR measurements. The ionic conductivity of both families are compared and particular attention is paid to the nature of the bonds between the organic and inorganic components.

Structural and electrical properties of LaNiO3 thin films grown on (100) and (001) oriented SrLaAlO4 substrates by chemical solution deposition method

LaNiO3 thin films were deposited on SrLaAlO4 (1 0 0) and SrLaAlO4 (0 0 1) single crystal substrates by a chemical solution deposition method and heat-treated in oxygen atmosphere at 700° C in tube oven. Structural, morphological, and electrical properties of the LaNiO 3 thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and electrical resistivity as temperature function (Hall measurements). The X-ray diffraction data indicated good crystallinity and a structural preferential orientation. The LaNiO3 thin films have a very flat surface and no droplet was found on their surfaces. Samples of LaNiO3 grown onto (1 0 0) and (0 0 1) oriented SrLaAlO4 single crystal substrates reveled average grain size by AFM approximately 15-30 nm and 20-35 nm, respectively. Transport characteristics observed were clearly dependent upon the substrate orientation which exhibited a metal-to-insulator transition. The underlying mechanism is a result of competition between the mobility edge and the Fermi energy through the occupation of electron states which in turn is controlled by the disorder level induced by different growth surfaces. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

Contribuições da conectância de rede e complexidade da dinâmica do sistema de trocas gasosas para a estabilidade na utilização de luz por espécies florestais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Caracterização físico-química e rendimento da moagem úmida de quatro híbridos de milho

Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos - IBILCE

Transdução e realidade híbrida em Avatar: uma experiência media assemblage

Pós-graduação em Comunicação - FAAC

Influência do selante de superfície em propriedades físicas e mecânicas de resinas compostas submetidas a envelhecimentos artificiais

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA

Utilização de resíduos de cinza de casca de arroz e borracha de pneus em concreto de alto desempenho

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influência do raio de ponta do entalhe, do tipo de carregamento e da microestrutura no processo à fratura do aço estrutural ABNT-4340

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Modificação superficial de fibras de juta com descarga corona para melhora da aderência com matriz poliéster

Seeking alternatives for the total or partial substitution of synthetic fibers for natural fibers, with reinforcement in polymeric materials, this work was conducted with the objective of evaluating the treatment with corona discharge on the adherence of juta fibers with resin. The fibers were exposed to corona discharge for 1, 5, 10 and 15 minutes, as well as after treatment with hot water, molding composites fiber-reinforced with filaments treated for 10 and 15 minutes, and without the treatment. The chemical structures were evaluated by spectrometry in the region of Fourier transform infrared with attenuated total reflection (FTIR/ATR), observing the formation of a new band and the increase in the absorption of groupings with oxygen. The thermal analyses, such as thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed the degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The microstructural characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed changes in the surface of the fiber, such as roughness, superficial depressions, surface degradation and cavity formation. The adhesion of the fibers was evaluated by the pullout test, allowing us to verify the increase in adhesion strength after treatment with corona discharge. In conclusion, the treatment with corona discharge changes the surface of the juta fibers, resulting in better adherence with the resin.

Estudo da degradação do corante azo disperso azul 291 por cloração química e fotoeletroquímica

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)