An object-oriented neural network approach to short-term traffic forecasting

This paper discusses an object-oriented neural network model that was developed for predicting short-term traffic conditions on a section of the Pacific Highway between Brisbane and the Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated through a time-lag recurrent network (TLRN) which was developed for predicting speed data up to 15 minutes into the future. The results obtained indicate that the TLRN is capable of predicting speed up to 5 minutes into the future with a high degree of accuracy (90-94%). Similar models, which were developed for predicting freeway travel times on the same facility, were successful in predicting travel times up to 15 minutes into the future with a similar degree of accuracy (93-95%). These results represent substantial improvements on conventional model performance and clearly demonstrate the feasibility of using the object-oriented approach for short-term traffic prediction. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Frequency of thrombophilia determinant factors in patients with livedoid vasculopathy and treatment with anticoagulant drugs - a prospective study

Background Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) is a chronic idiopathic disease characterized by painful purpuric macules on lower extremities. Its exact aetiology remains uncertain, but thrombotic and microcirculatory phenomena have been implicated as possible pathogenic factors. Objectives To assess prospectively the frequency of thrombophilia and to verify the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy among LV patients. Methods Thirty-four LV patients were tested for prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, antithrombin activity, protein C and S activity, anticardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulant, prothrombin gene mutation, factor V Leiden mutation, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation, plasma homocysteine and fibrinogen. Thirteen of these patients were treated with anticoagulant drugs (either warfarin or heparin). Results Of 34 patients, 18 (52%) presented laboratory abnormalities of procoagulant conditions. Positive treatment response to anticoagulant therapy was observed in 11 patients. Improvement of pain was obtained in 1-3 weeks, an average of 1.8 week. Complete healing of the lesions was observed in about 2.3 months. Remission was sustained even after treatment interruption and lasted an average 7.8 months. No severe adverse effects were noticed. Conclusion The authors suggest all patients with diagnosis of LV to be investigated for thrombophilic status. Anticoagulant drugs were well tolerated and seemed to be effective in treating not only LV symptoms but also its ulcerations.

Oral manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease: a review based on the observation of six cases

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises two chronic, tissue-destructive, clinical entities: Crohn`s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), both immunologically based. Bowel symptoms are predominant, but extra-intestinal complications may occur, including involvement of the oral cavity. Oral involvement during IBD includes several types of lesions: the most common are aphthae; uncommon lesions include, among others, pyostomatitis vegetans and granulomatous lesions of CD. Starting with a presentation of six patients with oral manifestations, which were crucial for the final diagnosis of IBD, a review on the subject is presented. Oral involvement in IBD may be previous or simultaneous to the gastrointestinal symptoms. However, in the majority of cases, bowel disease precedes the onset of oral lesions by months or years. In many patients, the intestinal symptoms may be minimal and can go undetected; thus, most authors believe that the bowel must be thoroughly examined in all patients with suspected IBD even in the absence of specific symptoms. Usually, the clinical course of oral lesions is parallel to the activity of IBD; therefore, oral manifestations are a good cutaneous marker of IBD.

Malformations of the index nails

We report a 52-year-old woman with micronychia of the index fingers. Radiographic examination revealed a Y-shaped bifurcation of the distal phalanx of both index fingers. She was diagnosed with congenital onychodysplasia of the index fingers (COIF) or Iso-Kikuchi syndrome. COIF is a rare condition characterized by a variety of nail dysplasia of the index fingers. Five criteria characterize COIF: congenital occurrence, unilateral or bilateral index finger involvement, variability in nail appearance, hereditary involvement and frequently associated bone abnormalities. Micronychia, polyonychia, anonychia, hemionychrogryphosis and malalignment are the observed index finger defects. Most cases have been described in Japan, and to our knowledge, this is the first case of COIF reported in South America.

Fusariosis in an immunocompromised patient: therapeutic success with voriconazole

Fusarium infection is known to be potentially severe in immunocompromised patients, especially those with hematologic malignancies. Mortality rates are high and there are few therapeutic options, due to the severe underlying condition of this group of patients and the relative resistance Of Fusarium to conventional antifungal therapy. Voriconazole has been shown to be an effective antifungal agent for neutropenic patients with fusariosis that are refractory or unresponsive to amphotericin B, We report the successful treatment of disseminated Fusarium infection in an immunocompromised host.

Population pharmacokinetics of perhexiline from very sparse, routine monitoring data

Using NONMEM, the population pharmacokinetics of perhexiline were studied in 88 patients (34 F, 54 M) who were being treated for refractory angina. Their mean +/- SD (range) age was 75 +/- 9.9 years (46-92), and the length of perhexiline treatment was 56 +/- 77 weeks (0.3-416). The sampling time after a dose was 14.1 +/- 21.4 hours (0.5-200), and the perhexiline plasma concentrations were 0.39 +/- 0.32 mg/L (0.03-1.56). A one-compartment model with first-order absorption was fitted to the data using the first-order (FO) approximation. The best model contained 2 subpopulations (obtained via the $MIXTURE subroutine) of 77 subjects (subgroup A) and 11 subjects (subgroup B) that had typical values for clearance (CL/F) of 21.8 L/h and 2.06 L/h, respectively. The volumes of distribution (V/F) were 1470 L and 260 L, respectively, which suggested a reduction in presystemic metabolism in subgroup B. The interindividual variability (CV%) was modeled logarithmically and for CL/F ranged from 69.1% (subgroup A) to 86.3% (subgroup B). The interindividual variability in V/F was 111%. The residual variability unexplained by the population model was 28.2%. These results confirm and extend the existing pharmacokinetic data on perhexiline, especially the bimodal distribution of CL/F manifested via an inherited deficiency in hepatic and extrahepatic CYP2D6 activity.

Development and validation of a psychometric scale for assessing PA chest image quality

Purpose - To develop and validate a psychometric scale for assessing image quality for chest radiographs.

Gestão de Recursos Energéticos nas SmartGrids

A sustentabilidade do sistema energético é crucial para o desenvolvimento económico e social das sociedades presentes e futuras. Para garantir o bom funcionamento dos sistemas de energia actua-se, tipicamente, sobre a produção e sobre as redes de transporte e de distribuição. No entanto, a integração crescente de produção distribuída, principalmente nas redes de distribuição de média e de baixa tensão, a liberalização dos mercados energéticos, o desenvolvimento de mecanismos de armazenamento de energia, o desenvolvimento de sistemas automatizados de controlo de cargas e os avanços tecnológicos das infra-estruturas de comunicação impõem o desenvolvimento de novos métodos de gestão e controlo dos sistemas de energia. O contributo deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de gestão de recursos energéticos num contexto de SmartGrids, considerando uma entidade designada por VPP que gere um conjunto de instalações (unidades produtoras, consumidores e unidades de armazenamento) e, em alguns casos, tem ao seu cuidado a gestão de uma parte da rede eléctrica. Os métodos desenvolvidos contemplam a penetração intensiva de produção distribuída, o aparecimento de programas de Demand Response e o desenvolvimento de novos sistemas de armazenamento. São ainda propostos níveis de controlo e de tomada de decisão hierarquizados e geridos por entidades que actuem num ambiente de cooperação mas também de concorrência entre si. A metodologia proposta foi desenvolvida recorrendo a técnicas determinísticas, nomeadamente, à programação não linear inteira mista, tendo sido consideradas três funções objectivo distintas (custos mínimos, emissões mínimas e cortes de carga mínimos), originando, posteriormente, uma função objectivo global, o que permitiu determinar os óptimos de Pareto. São ainda determinados os valores dos custos marginais locais em cada barramento e consideradas as incertezas dos dados de entrada, nomeadamente, produção e consumo. Assim, o VPP tem ao seu dispor um conjunto de soluções que lhe permitirão tomar decisões mais fundamentadas e de acordo com o seu perfil de actuação. São apresentados dois casos de estudo. O primeiro utiliza uma rede de distribuição de 32 barramentos publicada por Baran & Wu. O segundo caso de estudo utiliza uma rede de distribuição de 114 barramentos adaptada da rede de 123 barramentos do IEEE.

Planeamento de redes de distribuição de energia

O planeamento de redes de distribuição tem como objetivo assegurar a existência de capacidade nas redes para a fornecimento de energia elétrica com bons níveis de qualidade de serviço tendo em conta os fatores económicos associados. No âmbito do trabalho apresentado na presente dissertação, foi elaborado um modelo de planeamento que determina a configuração de rede resultante da minimização de custos associados a: 1) perdas por efeito de joule; 2) investimento em novos componentes; 3) energia não entregue. A incerteza associada ao valor do consumo de cada carga é modelada através de lógica difusa. O problema de otimização definido é resolvido pelo método de decomposição de benders que contempla dois trânsitos de potências ótimos (modelo DC e modelo AC) no problema mestre e escravo respectivamente para validação de restrições. Foram também definidos critérios de paragem do método de decomposição de benders. O modelo proposto classifica-se como programação não linear inteira mista e foi implementado na ferramenta de otimização General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS). O modelo desenvolvido tem em conta todos componentes das redes para a otimização do planeamento, conforme podemos analisar nos casos de estudo implementados. Cada caso de estudo é definido pela variação da importância que cada uma das variáveis do problema toma, tendo em vista cobrir de alguma todos os cenários de operação expetáveis. Através destes casos de estudo verifica-se as várias configurações que a rede pode tomar, tendo em conta as importâncias atribuídas a cada uma das variáveis, bem como os respetivos custos associados a cada solução. Este trabalho oferece um considerável contributo no âmbito do planeamento de redes de distribuição, pois comporta diferentes variáveis para a execução do mesmo. É também um modelo bastante robusto não perdendo o ‘norte’ no encontro de solução para redes de grande dimensão, com maior número de componentes.

On the role of temporal context in human reinforcement learning

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Naturwiss., Diss., 2011

Efficiency of diagnostic biomarkers among colonic schistosomiasis Egyptian patients

The schistosomal parasite plays a critical role in the development of malignant lesions in different organs. The pathogenesis of cancer is currently under intense investigation to identify reliable prognostic indices for disease detection. The objective of this paper is to evaluate certain biochemical parameters as diagnostic tools to efficiently differentiate between colonic carcinoma and colonic carcinoma associated with schistosomal infection among Egyptian patients. The parameters under investigation are interleukin 2 (IL-2), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, tissue telomerase, pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activities. The results revealed a significant elevation in the level of the tumour markers IL-2, TNF-α and CEA as well as the activities of LDH, telomerase and G-6-PD among non-bilharzial and bilharzial colonic cancer groups, with a more potent effect in bilharzial infection-associated colonic cancer. A significant inhibition in PK activity was recorded in the same manner as compared to normal tissues. The efficacy of this biomarker was also evaluated through detecting sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values. In conclusion, schistosomal colonic carcinoma patients displayed more drastic changes in all parameters under investigation. The combination of the selected parameters succeeded in serving as biomarkers to differentiate between the two malignant types.

Mudanças e inovações: novo modelo de organização e gestão de biblioteca acadêmica

Descreve-se a reorganização e restruturação da Biblioteca da Faculdade de Saúde Pública da USP, cujo objetivo era alcançar prestação de serviços de qualidade ao usuário do meio acadêmico e profissional em face das novas tecnologias de informática e comunicação e dos novos métodos e processos de trabalho. A implantação do novo modelo iniciou-se em fevereiro de 1997 e se encontra em fase de desenvolvimento, tendo já sido feita a primeira avaliação. Os resultados mostraram que o processo de mudanças é lento, pois as barreiras a serem vencidas não são poucas. Mas a direção que tais mudanças vêm tomando mostram que o modelo de gestão escolhido foi acertado. Resta continuar a desenvolver o modelo, fazendo as correções e melhorando a qualidade dos serviços prestados, que é o objetivo pretendido.