Potencial de reciclagem dos resíduos sólidos urbanos do Município de Salto-SP

O excessivo consumo de recursos naturais renováveis e não renováveis combinado com a ineficiência e o desperdício de seu uso geram uma problemática muito atual nos centros urbanos: a grande produção de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) e sua destinação inadequada. O presente trabalho caracterizou o RSU da cidade de Salto – SP a fim de quantificar os materiais recicláveis presentes nestes sólidos, bem como mapear sua origem e o perfil social de sua fonte geradora. Foram utilizadas quinze (15) classes de recicláveis, além do lixo orgânico e rejeitos. Dentre as classes estão: latas de aço; sucatas ferrosas; papel misto; papelão ondulado; embalagens longa vida; polietileno de alta densindade – PEAD; polipropileno – PP; poliestireno (PS); PET óleo; PET refrigerante; vidro; outros plásticos – PVC, materiais compostos de mais de um tipo de plástico e PS expandido; aparas plásticas; latinhas de alumínio e outros alumínios,. Os resultados apontam para uma grande geração de materias recicláveis no RSU em bairros de maior poder aquisitivo. O porcentual total de recicláveis na cidade foi de 38,38%

Subsídios para elaboração de plano municipal de gestão de resíduos sólidos orgânicos para o município de Rio Claro-SP

The research aims to propose grants for development of Municipal Plan for the Management of Organic Solid Waste generated in the municipality of Rio Claro. The research universe was composed of organic waste generators establishments (markets and grocers). From the registry of commercial establishments provided by the municipal government were identified who presented this typology, which totaled 38 establishments. In this universe the interview was conducted in 15 establishments obtained by directed sampling based on the characteristics of size, type and location. The data collected were the amount generated, disposal of waste, waste separation, collection frequency, reasons for the disposal of waste, frequency of purchase of products. From the data obtained in the field, we estimated the total generation of organic waste in this segment for the municipality. Then, the estimated costs for implementation and operation of a composting center, a way to subsidize the implementation of the management plan was carried out. We opted for the aerobic composting process by the simplicity of operation and because it is a technique already known. The average waste generation was established by tracks (size) with: stores up to 4 boxes (classified as small) generate on average 1511 kg / month, 40% of organic waste, the 5-9 boxes (small/midsize) generate on average 4338 kg / month, 35% organic and the 10 to 19 boxes (midsize) generate on average 7647 kg / month with 32% organic. In total establishments generate 105 t/ month of waste, with 35t / month of organics. 94% of establishments are in font segregation of waste into recyclable, organic and waste, indicating that the proposed management of organic waste is amenable to application without many changes in existing routine in stores. Recyclables are sent for recycling through selective collection held by the cooperative, while the organics are destined for the landfill and feed. The results indicate...

Avaliação estratégica de um plano de gestão de resíduos sólidos com foco nos resíduos orgânicos

One of the greatest problems nowadays is the correct management of solid waste produce in every human activity. On 2010, the “Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos” was approved, this law brings directives and instruments to deal with the solid waste issue. The objective of this work is to make a Strategic Assessment on a Solid Waste Management Plan applied to a medium size city. Based on general data about the situation of the solid wastes in Brazil, a first scenario was described. After that, likely scenarios were proposed, taking segregation, treatment and final disposal on account. Finally, those scenarios were compared, mainly in the final volume disposed and costs involved

Um estudo sobre aspectos da gestão dos resíduos sólidos no município de Ribeirão Preto (SP)

Since the beginning of it’s existence the humankind coexists with the production of waste, both organics and inorganics. Over the years the world population is raising, and consequently the different kinds of waste, causing significant problems not only for the public authorities, but also for the population, not only those related with its final or temporary destination but also with its crescent production. Considering it, the cities are not able to handle there volumes, and its landfills and dumps are working over their capacities, leading to a serie of environmental problems due to the lost of environmental quality and the natural and social vulnerabilities arising. This paper plans to working over visits, photographic registration and a review on the theme literature, study the perception and valuation of the landscape on the Ribeirão Preto landfill, São Paulo state (SP), that today is disabled but still an area of risk and environmental vulnerability, well as the perception of environmental quality in the surrounding population

Diagnóstico do plano de gestão de resíduos sólidos do município de Osasco (SP)

The management of solid waste has been a great challenge to public managers both because of its high operational costs and increasing waste generation. Besides environmental and public health harm, it involves high costs to be mitigated. It is necessary to seek solutions that focus on, amongst other matters, economic efficiency for a healthy environment. This could be reached with sustainable development, which has proven itself as an alternative model of development to the actual one in place. In order to ensure that sustentability is the goal of an activity, it is necessary to establish goals and to evaluate a system in order to track opportunities and correct possible mistakes, that is, it is necessary to elaborate a Waste Management Plan. However, in order to establish goals, it is also necessary a good description of the management of solid waste, thus diagnosis is a core aspect in the building of an specific law, as it will allow for the knowledge of the actual status of solid waste collection in Osasco town, showing what progress has been made in recent years, identifying current problems and generating the foundations to build future perspectives in the area. The present work has seeked to elaborate a diagnosis on waste management in Osasco municipality, presenting places for consultation and analysing how it meets the current legislation in place, enabling it to serve as a model for the elaboration of other diagnosis in other Brazilian municipalities

Coleta de informações para projeto de incinerador regional de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU)

The incineration of municipal solid waste has become a very interesting, in order that incineration reduces the amount of solid waste, which would be accumulated in dumps and / or landfill. Furthermore, it is possible to generate electrical energy by use of clean well known technology. To verify the feasibility of installing a plant for the incineration of solid waste with energy recovery, we must consider some basic requirements. For this reason, will be presented in this paper some factors that influence the project to install a plant of incineration with energy recovery.

Investigação da condutividade hidráulica dos solos de uma área de aterro de resíduos sólidos urbanos por meio de ensaios de campo e laboratório

A contaminant plume due to leachate infiltration was found in the solid waste landfill from Bauru, SP. The soil hydraulic conductivity (K) is an important parameter to understand the moving of this plume. This paper intends to show representative K values for the soils that occur in the vicinity of this landfill determined by field and laboratory tests. There are four soil types in the area: colluvium, alluvium, sandstone residual soil and the sandstone. Laboratory tests were performed using constant and variable head in rigid and flexible wall permeameters. Slug tests and hydraulic conductivity tests with the Guelph permeameter were also carried out in situ in the area. Representative K values of 3.7x10-7 m/s for the saturated zone and 2.4x10-8 m/s for the unsaturated zone were determined for the residual soil. A K value of 5.3x10-5 m/s was obtained for the colluvium soil. A great variation of K with depth was observed for the alluvium and the assumed average values for the saturated zone were 7.9x10-7 m/s and 1.1x10-4 m/s for the unsaturated surficial layer. An average K value of 3.3x10-8 m/s was determined in laboratory for the sandstone and it was assumed representative for this material.

Gestão de resíduos sólidos na Faculdade de Engenharia de Bauru: uma atividade de extensão universitária

Relacionar a sustentabilidade com ações desenvolvidas no Projeto de Extensão Recicla UNESP, FEB - UNESP BAURU. O mesmo visa contribuir com a Educação Ambiental nesta comunidade acadêmica, trabalhando com discentes, docentes e funcionários em palestras, treinamentos e eventos. Ocorre de forma contínua, coleta e quantificação de resíduos sólidos gerados em departamentos e outros setores. As atividades foram propostas após estudar práticas em instituições pioneiras nesta causa. A contribuição surge à medida que os benefícios podem ser vivenciados ao realizar a gestão de tais resíduos sólidos, consolidando o desejo constante pela conservação do meio ambiente.

Perfil da renda e do volume dos resíduos sólidos urbanos da associação de catadores de São Manuel - SP

The implementation of residue selective collection has brought to the city of Sao Manuel an incalculable benefit. It brought a better life for a group of adults and children that lives in a humanitarian condition of extreme poverty. These people live in an open-air dump, disputing the remains found in fifteen tons of garbage that are deposited at the site almost every day.The objective of this paper is to present thecollectors annual income profile and the volume of solid waste collected.To present these factors, the total and fractionated amount according to their material items, collected since the creation of the Association in February 2003 until December 2008, were considered., In addition,the social gains were enumerated. These factors were developed from a theoretical base for municipal solid waste involving environmental, social, and financial concepts. Based on these results it was found that the ACAPEL income value was above the average of other income indicators of the population analyzed, besides the social value enhance that the creation of the Association brought to the people who work there.

O ensino de geografia e a educação ambiental: um estudo de caso com resíduos sólidos urbanos em Bauru (SP)

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

O ensino de geografia e a educação ambiental: um estudo de caso com resíduos sólidos urbanos em Bauru (SP)

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Aspectos técnicos e ambientais da incineração de resíduos sólidos urbanos: considerações sobre a proposta para São Paulo

A tecnologia de incineração no gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos é empregada de maneira intensa em diversos países do mundo. No Brasil, além da sua utilização eventual em resíduos de serviços de saúde, há uma proposta para implantação de duas usinas de grande porte visando ao tratamento térmico de resíduos sólidos domiciliares na cidade de São Paulo. Através de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, são apresentados os principais parâmetros técnicos e ambientais desta tecnologia, entre eles os mecanismos de combustão e de formação de poluentes, os tipos de equipamentos empregados, as formas de manejo e disposição de cinzas e escórias e os métodos de controle e redução de emissões atmosféricas como gases ácidos, material particulado e metais pesados. Também é feita uma revisão do atual conhecimento técnico-científico sobre dioxinas e furanos relativamente à incineração de resíduos sólidos urbanos. A partir desta base teórica pesquisada e da análise dos Estudos de Impacto Ambiental e dos Relatórios de Impacto Ambiental das usinas de incineração de Santo Amaro e Sapopemba, conclui-se que tais incineradores, na forma como são propostos, não apresentam o nível tecnológico necessário para atender às normas de operação e emissão de poluentes vigentes em países onde há legislação regulando esta atividade.

Gestão de resíduos sólidos domiciliares na cidade de Chibuto, província de Gaza Moçambique

This study analyzes the process of generation and management of solid waste in the Municipality of the City of Chibuto-Mozambique, drawing on the different approaches towards allocation and the socio-environmental implications resulting from this process and waste spatial distribution. To answer these objectives a questionnaire was administered to 367 households distributed in 14 neighborhoods of the city to elicit information on how solid waste is treated and what could be its impact on public health of the residents. From this perspective, the questionnaire gasp information from immigrant residents regarding both their origin, and socio economic condition. Apart from the questionnaire, semi-structured interviews were conducted to staff working on the Sanitation Sector, Urbanization Sector of the Chibuto Municipality, including the Health Service, and Women and Social Affairs. In addition to these data collection methods, for further discussion on the subject, the researcher draw a theoretical framework grounded through literature review, as well as systematic observation of the phenomenon. Research findings revealed that the solid waste collection services provided by the Chibuto Municipality do not follow the procedures laid down in the Regulation on Solid Waste Management, which advocates environmentally safe, sustainable, and complete management of waste. First, the services use open dumps for waste management. Secondly, waste collection does not cover all citizens living in the neighborhoods governed by the municipality, due to financial, technical, and organizational reasons. More importantly, the study found that due to this failure, more than 90% of households surveyed continue to use the traditional methods on waste management which include burning, or the burial techniques. On the other hand, some citizens throw waste on the streets, a method that threatens public health because it increases cases of diseases related to sanitation problems such as (diarrhea and malaria), especially in suburban and peripheral urban areas. Concerning with the above mentioned problems which constitute a real threat to the public health, some ways are proposed for more sustainable and spatially appropriate solid waste management through recycling, waste sorting, composting, reuse, and reduction of solid waste generation.