Controle semi-ativo de vibrações usando lógica nebulosa e fluido magnetoreológico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise do comportamento da bateria utilizada em sistemas fotovoltaicos de pequeno porte pequeno

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Análise da resolução do modelo de Hughes em sondagens magnetotelúricas

Na maioria dos métodos de exploração geofísica, a interpretação é feita assumindo-se um modelo da Terra uniformemente estratificado. Todos os métodos de inversão, inclusive o de dados eletromagnéticos, exigem técnica de modelamento teórico de modo a auxiliar a interpretação. Na literatura os dados são geralmente interpretados em termos de uma estrutura condutiva unidimensional; comumente a Terra é assumida ser horizontalmente uniforme de modo que a condutividade é função somente da profundidade. Neste trabalho uma técnica semi-analítica de modelagem desenvolvida por Hughes (1973) foi usada para modelar a resposta magnética de duas camadas na qual a interface separando as camadas pode ser representada por uma expansão em série de Fourier. A técnica envolve um método de perturbação para encontrar o efeito de um contorno senoidal com pequenas ondulações. Como a perturbação é de primeira ordem a solução obtida é linear, podemos então usar o princípio da superposição e combinar soluções para várias senoides de forma a obter a solução para qualquer dupla camada expandida em série de Fourier. Da comparação com a técnica de elementos finitos, as seguintes conclusões podem ser tiradas: • Para um modelo de dupla camada da Terra, as camadas separadas por uma interface cuja profundidade varia senoidalmente em uma direção, as respostas eletromagnética são muito mais fortes quando a espessura da primeira camada é da ordem do skin depth da onda eletromagnética no meio, e será tanto maior quanto maior for o contraste de condutividade entre as camadas; • Por outro lado, a resistividade aparente para este modelo não é afetada pela mudança na frequência espacial (v) do contorno; • Em caso do uso da solução geral para qualquer dupla camada na Terra cuja interface possa ser desenvolvida em série de Fourier, esta técnica produziu bons resultados quando comparado com a técnica de elementos finitos. A linerização restringe a aplicação da técnica para pequenas estruturas, apesar disso, uma grande quantidade de estruturas pode ser modelada de modo simples e com tempo computacional bastante rápido; • Quando a dimensão da primeira camada possui a mesma ordem de grandeza da estrutura, esta técnica não é recomendada, porque para algumas posições de sondagem, as curvas de resistividade aparente obtidas mostram um pequeno deslocamento quando comparadas com as curvas obtidas por elementos finitos.

Modelagem da disponibilidade de uma unidade geradora da UHE-Tucuruí

Com o advindo do marco regulatório do Setor Elétrico Brasileiro, a partir de 2004, os agentes que atuam neste mercado têm experimentado um acirramento nas disputas por novos negócios, evidenciando um aumento de competitividade. A Disponibilidade dos Ativos Físicos e os Custos com Manutenção se apresentam como os pontos chave para a competitividade dos agentes. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma metodologia de Análise de Disponibilidade de Sistemas Reparáveis, durante as etapas de projeto ou de operação do sistema, contemplando a mensuração dos Custos com Manutenção versus o Desembolso com Aquisição para um nível esperado de desempenho. A metodologia para a Análise de Disponibilidade sugerida se utiliza da construção do Diagrama de Blocos do Sistema com respectivas descrições funcionais, exportação das informações para o formato de Árvore de Sucesso, composta de portas lógicas dos tipos "E" e "OU" as quais caracterizam um subsistema integrante do sistema principal. O analista pode reavaliar a topologia do sistema, agregando ou retirando redundâncias com a finalidade de ajustar o desempenho do projeto aos requisitos de Disponibilidade, Custo de Aquisição e Custos de Manutenção. Como resultados do trabalho foram identificadas lacunas normativas que definem a forma de controle do desempenho dos ativos, estabelecida uma sistemática de integração entre técnicas de modelagem de confiabilidade e disponibilidade, estabelecidos e incorporados indicadores de desempenho de Manutenção Programada em um agente do mercado, foram modelados e discutidos diferentes cenários para um Sistema de Circulação de Óleo de Mancal e foi aplicado o modelo a toda uma Unidade Geradora Hidráulica por meio da implementação computacional do modelo aos componentes críticos dos principais sistemas.

Modelagem de dinâmica do uso da terra e cobertura vegetal na região de Santarém, oeste do Pará

A região de Santarém, na última década, apresentou um aumento da área de agricultura de grãos, em especial, arroz, milho e soja. Na base da estrutura fundiária da região, essa dinâmica tem concorrido para a concentração fundiária devido à substituição da pequena propriedade pela grande propriedade capitalizada. Políticas de ordenamento territorial criaram um mosaico de unidades com regras específicas de uso da terra, são unidades de conservação e diferentes modalidades de projetos de assentamentos. Este trabalho tem dois objetivos: estudar o processo de transformação da paisagem após a introdução da agricultura capitalizada de grãos e construir cenários de futuro que analisem alternativas para conter o desflorestamento e a concentração fundiária em curso. O estudo foi realizado utilizando técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento, a partir de imagens Landsat 5 TM dos anos de 1999, 2004 e 2007. Técnicas de modelagem dinâmica foram empregadas para explorar cenários de futuro (2015) considerando regras de uso do território. Os resultados obtidos mostram que, até 2004, a maior parte da agricultura mecanizada foi implantada em áreas onde anteriormente eram ocupadas pela agropecuária familiar, pastagem e capoeira. Após 2004, a sua expansão se deu, principalmente, sobre áreas de floresta, em especial, dentro de projetos de assentamento. A análise das transições de uso, em diferentes modalidades de assentamento, demonstra que as regras de uso do território estabelecidas por medidas de ordenamento territorial não têm sido seguidas em muitos casos. Este trabalho apresentou como principal contribuição metodológica a incorporação de questões institucionais relacionadas à estrutura fundiária na análise de transformação da paisagem e construção de cenários. Os resultados mostram que tal abordagem é essencial para entender os processos de transformação correntes à região em questão.

Estratégias construtivas para a configuração do produto de moda

This article approaches possibilities and strategies of building to development of fashion product. It investigates the application of different constructive resources of textile materials of same composition and trim, establishing for this parameters of formal similarity. The conception of products process is conducted by three-dimensional expression, which allows the steps for creating and delivering happen simultaneously. Three-dimensional modeling techniques enable the buildings that are structured by the following features investigated: intervention in the textile surface, insertion of independent elements, and different confection resolutions. The results instigate reflection about the processes involved.

Desenvolvimento de um protótipo de revista hipermidiática para tablet: um estudo experimental com a UNESP Ciência

Pós-graduação em Televisão Digital: Informação e Conhecimento - FAAC

Modelagem matemática de aferições de temperatura com aplicação em graus-dias para cultura da cana-de-açúcar

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Perda de matéria seca em grãos de milho submetidos a sistemas de secagem natural e artificial.

The permanence of the corn grain in the field, after physiological maturity, is an important cause of crop losses, both in quantitative and qualitative aspect. By ceasing the supply of assimilated substances to grains, due to physiological maturity, the synthesis reactions are overcome by breathing, responsible for the maintenance of the living tissues of the grains, which occur at the expense of reserves accumulated during grain formation. In addition, there are losses from fungus and insects attack due to adverse weather conditions. Technological advances in recent decades, the develop of grain dryers with different capacities and efficiencies, has led to the early withdrawal of the product from the field, still damp, reducing spoilage. Moreover, the use of artificial drying systems can represent a significant cost to the producer. Thus, the present work aimed to study the effect of natural and artificial methods of drying on maize dry matter losses, for Botucatu, city of Sao Paulo state, Brazil. The cornfield production was conducted at the Experimental Farm “Lageado” and the experimental treatments were conducted in the Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, in the Department of Rural Engineering, where the drying systems were tested. The treatments were: shade (control), artificial with heated air, artificial unheated air and, drying attached to the plant. The following analyzes for quality monitoring were performed: weight test, thousand-grain weight test and, grain dry weight. The results showed significant loss in quality of drying beans attached to the plant, by assessing the dry matter loss and by the variation of the grain weight. The weight test showed that the worst performance was the artificial with heated air treatment. We used mathematical modeling techniques to describe the dry matter loss and adjusted the mathematical model to the experimental data analyzed. From the experimental data obtained during drying the grain attached to the plant, it was still possible to fit a regression model that estimates the loss of grain dry matter under the climate from Botucatu during the 2011/2012 harvest period.

Knowledge management and strategic orientation: leveraging innovativeness and performance

Purpose - The aim of this study is to investigate whether knowledge management (KM) contributes to the development of strategic orientation and to enhance innovativeness, and whether these three factors contribute to improve business performance. Design/methodology/approach - A sample of 241 Brazilian companies was surveyed, using Web-based questionnaires with 54 questions, using ten-point scales to measure the degree of agreement on each item of each construct. Structural equation modeling techniques were applied for model assessment and analysis of the relationships among constructs. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and path analysis using the technique of structural equation modeling were applied to the data. Findings - Effective KM contributes positively to strategic orientation. Although there is no significant direct effect of KM on innovativeness, the relationship is significant when mediated by strategic orientation. Similarly effective KM has no direct effect on business performance, but this relationship becomes statistically significant when mediated by strategic orientation and innovativeness. Research limitations/implications - The findings indicate that KM permeates all relationships among the constructs, corroborating the argument that knowledge is an essential organizational resource that leverages all value-creating activities. The results indicate that both KM and innovativeness produce significant impacts on performance when they are aligned with a strategic orientation that enables the organization to anticipate and respond to changing market conditions. Originality/value - There is a substantial body of research on several types of relationships involving KM, strategic orientation, innovativeness and performance. This study offers an original contribution by analyzing all of those constructs simultaneously using established scales so that comparative studies are possible.

An online data access prediction and optimization approach for distributed systems

Current scientific applications have been producing large amounts of data. The processing, handling and analysis of such data require large-scale computing infrastructures such as clusters and grids. In this area, studies aim at improving the performance of data-intensive applications by optimizing data accesses. In order to achieve this goal, distributed storage systems have been considering techniques of data replication, migration, distribution, and access parallelism. However, the main drawback of those studies is that they do not take into account application behavior to perform data access optimization. This limitation motivated this paper which applies strategies to support the online prediction of application behavior in order to optimize data access operations on distributed systems, without requiring any information on past executions. In order to accomplish such a goal, this approach organizes application behaviors as time series and, then, analyzes and classifies those series according to their properties. By knowing properties, the approach selects modeling techniques to represent series and perform predictions, which are, later on, used to optimize data access operations. This new approach was implemented and evaluated using the OptorSim simulator, sponsored by the LHC-CERN project and widely employed by the scientific community. Experiments confirm this new approach reduces application execution time in about 50 percent, specially when handling large amounts of data.

On the impact of disproportional samples in credit scoring models: An application to a Brazilian bank data

Statistical methods have been widely employed to assess the capabilities of credit scoring classification models in order to reduce the risk of wrong decisions when granting credit facilities to clients. The predictive quality of a classification model can be evaluated based on measures such as sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, accuracy, correlation coefficients and information theoretical measures, such as relative entropy and mutual information. In this paper we analyze the performance of a naive logistic regression model (Hosmer & Lemeshow, 1989) and a logistic regression with state-dependent sample selection model (Cramer, 2004) applied to simulated data. Also, as a case study, the methodology is illustrated on a data set extracted from a Brazilian bank portfolio. Our simulation results so far revealed that there is no statistically significant difference in terms of predictive capacity between the naive logistic regression models and the logistic regression with state-dependent sample selection models. However, there is strong difference between the distributions of the estimated default probabilities from these two statistical modeling techniques, with the naive logistic regression models always underestimating such probabilities, particularly in the presence of balanced samples. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The assessment of change in rural landscape and the analysis of the driving forces. Proposal of a spatial model for the rural built environment

The presented study carried out an analysis on rural landscape changes. In particular the study focuses on the understanding of driving forces acting on the rural built environment using a statistical spatial model implemented through GIS techniques. It is well known that the study of landscape changes is essential for a conscious decision making in land planning. From a bibliography review results a general lack of studies dealing with the modeling of rural built environment and hence a theoretical modelling approach for such purpose is needed. The advancement in technology and modernity in building construction and agriculture have gradually changed the rural built environment. In addition, the phenomenon of urbanization of a determined the construction of new volumes that occurred beside abandoned or derelict rural buildings. Consequently there are two types of transformation dynamics affecting mainly the rural built environment that can be observed: the conversion of rural buildings and the increasing of building numbers. It is the specific aim of the presented study to propose a methodology for the development of a spatial model that allows the identification of driving forces that acted on the behaviours of the building allocation. In fact one of the most concerning dynamic nowadays is related to an irrational expansion of buildings sprawl across landscape. The proposed methodology is composed by some conceptual steps that cover different aspects related to the development of a spatial model: the selection of a response variable that better describe the phenomenon under study, the identification of possible driving forces, the sampling methodology concerning the collection of data, the most suitable algorithm to be adopted in relation to statistical theory and method used, the calibration process and evaluation of the model. A different combination of factors in various parts of the territory generated favourable or less favourable conditions for the building allocation and the existence of buildings represents the evidence of such optimum. Conversely the absence of buildings expresses a combination of agents which is not suitable for building allocation. Presence or absence of buildings can be adopted as indicators of such driving conditions, since they represent the expression of the action of driving forces in the land suitability sorting process. The existence of correlation between site selection and hypothetical driving forces, evaluated by means of modeling techniques, provides an evidence of which driving forces are involved in the allocation dynamic and an insight on their level of influence into the process. GIS software by means of spatial analysis tools allows to associate the concept of presence and absence with point futures generating a point process. Presence or absence of buildings at some site locations represent the expression of these driving factors interaction. In case of presences, points represent locations of real existing buildings, conversely absences represent locations were buildings are not existent and so they are generated by a stochastic mechanism. Possible driving forces are selected and the existence of a causal relationship with building allocations is assessed through a spatial model. The adoption of empirical statistical models provides a mechanism for the explanatory variable analysis and for the identification of key driving variables behind the site selection process for new building allocation. The model developed by following the methodology is applied to a case study to test the validity of the methodology. In particular the study area for the testing of the methodology is represented by the New District of Imola characterized by a prevailing agricultural production vocation and were transformation dynamic intensively occurred. The development of the model involved the identification of predictive variables (related to geomorphologic, socio-economic, structural and infrastructural systems of landscape) capable of representing the driving forces responsible for landscape changes.. The calibration of the model is carried out referring to spatial data regarding the periurban and rural area of the study area within the 1975-2005 time period by means of Generalised linear model. The resulting output from the model fit is continuous grid surface where cells assume values ranged from 0 to 1 of probability of building occurrences along the rural and periurban area of the study area. Hence the response variable assesses the changes in the rural built environment occurred in such time interval and is correlated to the selected explanatory variables by means of a generalized linear model using logistic regression. Comparing the probability map obtained from the model to the actual rural building distribution in 2005, the interpretation capability of the model can be evaluated. The proposed model can be also applied to the interpretation of trends which occurred in other study areas, and also referring to different time intervals, depending on the availability of data. The use of suitable data in terms of time, information, and spatial resolution and the costs related to data acquisition, pre-processing, and survey are among the most critical aspects of model implementation. Future in-depth studies can focus on using the proposed model to predict short/medium-range future scenarios for the rural built environment distribution in the study area. In order to predict future scenarios it is necessary to assume that the driving forces do not change and that their levels of influence within the model are not far from those assessed for the time interval used for the calibration.

Specification and Verification of Declarative Open Interaction Models - A Logic-based framework

The advent of distributed and heterogeneous systems has laid the foundation for the birth of new architectural paradigms, in which many separated and autonomous entities collaborate and interact to the aim of achieving complex strategic goals, impossible to be accomplished on their own. A non exhaustive list of systems targeted by such paradigms includes Business Process Management, Clinical Guidelines and Careflow Protocols, Service-Oriented and Multi-Agent Systems. It is largely recognized that engineering these systems requires novel modeling techniques. In particular, many authors are claiming that an open, declarative perspective is needed to complement the closed, procedural nature of the state of the art specification languages. For example, the ConDec language has been recently proposed to target the declarative and open specification of Business Processes, overcoming the over-specification and over-constraining issues of classical procedural approaches. On the one hand, the success of such novel modeling languages strongly depends on their usability by non-IT savvy: they must provide an appealing, intuitive graphical front-end. On the other hand, they must be prone to verification, in order to guarantee the trustworthiness and reliability of the developed model, as well as to ensure that the actual executions of the system effectively comply with it. In this dissertation, we claim that Computational Logic is a suitable framework for dealing with the specification, verification, execution, monitoring and analysis of these systems. We propose to adopt an extended version of the ConDec language for specifying interaction models with a declarative, open flavor. We show how all the (extended) ConDec constructs can be automatically translated to the CLIMB Computational Logic-based language, and illustrate how its corresponding reasoning techniques can be successfully exploited to provide support and verification capabilities along the whole life cycle of the targeted systems.

The effect of two-dimensional squat elements on the seismic behavior of building structures

This thesis reports a study on the seismic response of two-dimensional squat elements and their effect on the behavior of building structures. Part A is devoted to the study of unreinforced masonry infills, while part B is focused on reinforced concrete sandwich walls. Part A begins with a comprehensive review of modelling techniques and code provisions for infilled frame structures. Then state-of-the practice techniques are applied for a real case to test the ability of actual modeling techniques to reproduce observed behaviors. The first developments towards a seismic-resistant masonry infill system are presented. Preliminary design recommendations for the seismic design of the seismic-resistant masonry infill are finally provided. Part B is focused on the seismic behavior of a specific reinforced concrete sandwich panel system. First, the results of in-plane psuudostatic cyclic tests are described. Refinements to the conventional modified compression field theory are introduced in order to better simulate the monotonic envelope of the cyclic response. The refinements deal with the constitutive model for the shotcrete in tension and the embedded bars. Then the hysteretic response of the panels is studied according to a continuum damage model. Damage state limits are identified. Design recommendations for the seismic design of the studied reinforced concrete sandwich walls are finally provided.