Geographical and morphological variation within and between colour phases inCoris julis(L. 1758), a protogynous marine fish

The possible differences between sexes in patterns of morphological variation in geographical space have been explored only in gonochorist freshwater species. We explored patterns of body shape variation in geographical space in a marine sequential hermaphrodite species, Coris julis (L. 1758), analyzing variation both within and between colour phases, through the use of geometric morphometrics and spatially-explicit statistical analyses. We also tested for the association of body shape with two environmental variables: temperature and chlorophyll a concentration, as obtained from time-series of satellite-derived data. Both colour phases showed a significant morphological variation in geographical space and patterns of variation divergent between phases. Although the morphological variation was qualitatively similar, individuals in the initial colour phase showed a more marked variation than individuals in the terminal phase. Body shape showed a weak but significant correlation with environmental variables, which was more pronounced in primary specimens.

Análise do desenvolvimento da extensão universitária no Instituto de Nutrição da UERJ no período 1990-2014

A extensão universitária vem se institucionalizando nas universidades públicas brasileiras. Porém pouco se conhece sobre seu desenvolvimento nas unidades acadêmicas. Este trabalho teve como objeto analisar o desenvolvimento da extensão universitária no Instituto de Nutrição da UERJ (NUT) no período de 1990-2014. Trata-se de estudo historiográfico, baseado em pesquisa bibliográfica e na análise dos documentos coletados em arquivos e registros institucionais da UERJ, complementadas com entrevistas com informantes chave. A análise do material levantado abarcou: sistematização do histórico de institucionalização da extensão na UERJ, caracterização dos projetos desenvolvidos no NUT até 2014 e análise dos projetos ativos no período de 2005 a 2014 com pelo menos cinco anos de atividade. A caracterização dos projetos considerou, entre outros, as categorias: área temática, palavras-chave, abrangência geográfica, parcerias, situação curricular e equipe do projeto. A análise dos projetos se deu por meio da sistematização de seus relatórios e pelo seu cotejamento com as linhas de extensão propostas pelo FORPROEX e com as diretrizes da Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição (PNAN) e da Política Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (PNSAN). Nas últimas décadas, houve grandes avanços na institucionalização da extensão na UERJ. De 1990 a 2014, foram identificados 73 projetos de extensão desenvolvidos no NUT. Foi observada ampliação do corpo docente envolvido e da carga horária alocada em atividades extensionistas. Foi notório o crescimento do número de projetos de extensão vigentes a cada ano e do público por eles atingido. O perfil dos projetos de extensão do NUT tem sido voltado, prioritariamente, para as áreas temáticas de saúde e de educação de forma articulada, convergindo com os campos clássicos de atuação da Nutrição e com as vertentes tradicionais da extensão universitária. É amplo o leque de temas abordados nos projetos, destacando-se aqueles ligados ao cuidado em saúde, com ênfase em agravos e grupos populacionais específicos, à promoção da saúde e à educação/ formação. A abrangência geográfica dos projetos se ampliou com o passar dos anos. A maioria deles estabeleceu parcerias, prioritariamente com unidades da área da saúde e com instituições públicas. Somente em uma minoria deles observamos articulação com o currículo de graduação e, em parte deles, relação com pesquisa. A análise dos projetos ativos no período de 2005-2014 indicou que a maioria deles está concentrada nas linhas Saúde Humana, Educação Profissional e Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional e que, no tocante à interface com a PNAN e a PNSAN, os enfoques predominantes se concentram no cuidado nutricional na rede de atenção à saúde, na educação alimentar e nutricional e a na formação continuada. A trajetória da extensão no NUT permite identificar os seguintes desafios para o seu desenvolvimento: avançar na inserção da extensão nos projetos pedagógicos do curso de graduação; traduzir, na prática, o princípio da indissociabilidade ensino-pesquisa-extensão; aprofundar a interface entre a extensão e as políticas públicas; ampliar o escopo de parcerias. Janelas de oportunidade devem ser buscadas e caminhos devem ser percorridos coletivamente no sentido da superação desses desafios na perspectiva de uma prática extensionista que transforme universidade e sociedade.

Catalogue of EAFFRO scientific archives

Besides the formal publications held in the library (books, annual reports. Journals and reprints) a considerable quantity of unpublished Information on subjects relevant to freshwater fisheries in East Africa is held on various departmental files, etc.in Jinja. This material is extremely valuable: firstly because it is usually of immediate reference to current research work at EAFFRO, and secondly because it usually exists only as original material: no other copies are available elsewhere.

Molecular Phylogeny of Geographical Isolates of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus: Implications on the Origin and Spread of this Species in China and Worldwide

The genetic diversity and phylogeny of 26 isolates of Bursaphelenchus xlophilus from China, Japan, Portugal and North America were investigated based on the D2/3 domain of 28S rDNA, nuclear ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. The genetic diversity analysis showed that the D2/3 domain of 28S rDNA of isolates of B. xlophilus from China, Portugal, Japan and the US were identical and differed at one to three nucleotides compared to those from Canada. ITS sequences of isolates from China and Portugal were the same; they differed at one or two nucleotides compared to those of Japanese isolates and at four and 23 nucleotides compared to those front the US and Canada, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that Chinese isolates share a common ancestor with one of the two Japanese clades and that the Canadian isolates form a sister group of the clade comprised of isolates from China, Portugal,Japan, and the US. The relationship between Japanese isolates and those from China was closer than with the American isolates. The Canadian isolates were the basal group of B. xylophilus. This suggests that B. xlophilus originated in North America and that the B. xylphilus that occurs in China could have been first introduced from Japan. Further analysis based on RAPD analysis revealed that the relationship among isolates from Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shandong, Anhui provinces and Nanjing was the closest, which suggests that pine wilt disease in these Chinese locales was probably dispersed from Nanjing, where this disease first occurred in China.

Exploring geographical dispersion in Thailand-based food supply chain (FSC)

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the key influential factors and their implications on food supply chain (FSC) location decisions from a Thailand-based manufacturer's view. Design/methodology/approach: In total, 21 case studies were conducted with eight Thailand-based food manufacturers. In each case, key influential factors were observed along with their implications on upstream and downstream FSC location decisions. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and documentations. Data reduction and data display in tables were used to help data analysis of the case studies. Findings: This exploratory research found that, in the food industry, FSC geographical dispersion pattern could be determined by four factors: perishability, value density, economic-political forces, and technological forces. Technological forces were found as an enabler for FSC geographical dispersion whereas the other three factors could be both barriers and enablers. The implications of these four influential factors drive FSC towards four key patterns of FSC geographical dispersion: local supply chain (SC), supply-proximity SC, market-proximity SC, and international SC. Additionally, the strategy of the firm was found to also be an influential factor in determining FSC geographical dispersion. Research limitations/implications: Despite conducting 21 cases, the findings in this research are based on a relatively small sample, given the large size of the industry. More case evidence from a broader range of food product market and supply items, particularly ones that have significantly different patterns of FSC geographical dispersions would have been insightful. The consideration of additional influential factors such as labour movement between developing countries, currency fluctuations and labour costs, would also enrich the framework as well as improve the quality and validity of the research findings. The different strategies employed by the case companies and their implications on FSC location decisions should also be further investigated along with cases outside Thailand, to provide a more comprehensive view of FSC geographical location decisions. Practical implications: This paper provides insights how FSC is geographically located in both supply-side and demand-side from a manufacturing firm's view. The findings can also provide SC managers and researchers a better understanding of their FSCs. Originality/value: This research bridges the existing gap in the literature, explaining the geographical dispersion of SC particularly in the food industry where the characteristics are very specific, by exploring the internationalization ability of Thailand-based FSC and generalizing the key influential factors - perishability (lead time), value density, economic-political forces, market opportunities, and technological advancements. Four key patterns of FSC internationalization emerged from the case studies. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Transcription of multi-genre media archives using out-of-domain data

We describe our work on developing a speech recognition system for multi-genre media archives. The high diversity of the data makes this a challenging recognition task, which may benefit from systems trained on a combination of in-domain and out-of-domain data. Working with tandem HMMs, we present Multi-level Adaptive Networks (MLAN), a novel technique for incorporating information from out-of-domain posterior features using deep neural networks. We show that it provides a substantial reduction in WER over other systems, with relative WER reductions of 15% over a PLP baseline, 9% over in-domain tandem features and 8% over the best out-of-domain tandem features. © 2012 IEEE.

Population genetic structure and geographical differentiation of the Chinese catfish Hemibagrus macropterus (Siluriformes, Bagridae): Evidence for altered drainage patterns

National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [2007CB411600, 30530120]

Genetic diversity: Geographical distribution and toxin profiles of Microcystis strains (Cyanobacteria) in China

Twenty strains of Microcystis Kutz were isolated from different freshwater bodies in China to analyze the diversity, geographical distribution and toxin profiles. Based on whole-cell polymerase chain reaction of cpcBA-IGS nucleotide sequence, the derived neighbor-joining (NJ) and maximum parsimony (MP) trees indicate that these strains of Microcystis can be divided into four clusters. The strains from south, middle and north region of China formed distinct lineages, suggesting high diversity and a geographical distribution from south to north locations. Moreover, the results being indicating high variable genotypes of the strains of the Microcystis strains from the same lake show that there is high diversity of Microcystis within a water bloom population. Comparing the results of the present study with those reported for compared with 43 strains of Microcystis from other locations, also reveals Chinese strains have high similarity with those from regions in the North Hemispherical. This suggests that the Microcystis strains in the world might have a geographical distribution. Analysis of 30 strains using the primers MCF/TER and TOX2P/TOX2M showed that there was no correlation between the gene of cpcBA-IGS and the presence of mcy. Toxic strains were founded to be predominant in different water bodies throughout China.

Geographical distribution of testate amoebae in Tibet and northwestern Yunnan and their relationships with climate

In Asia, especially in China, our knowledge of the distribution of testate amoebae is still limited. In this paper, the geographical distribution of testate amoebae in Tibetan Plateau and northwestern Yunnan Plateau, southwest China and their relationships with the climatic factors have been studied. We found testate amoebae shifted in the most dominant species and increased in species (or genus) richness from northwest to southeast. Further, the linear regression analyses revealed that both species richness and genus richness have higher positive correlations with the mean temperature of the warmest month and annual mean precipitation as contrasted with the mean altitude, which showed weak negative correlation. This indicates that the temperature and precipitation are more significant influences on the richness than the altitude. The cluster analysis based on the community structure, defined by Sorenson's coefficient matrix, suggested four groups from the 10 physiographical regions. This geographical distribution pattern was also closely related with the climatic regionalization. The present climatic regionalization pattern of the study area originated from the uplift of Tibetan Plateau and mainly occurred in or after the late Pleistocene. Therefore, the geographical distribution of testate amoebae in our study area may have experienced complicated and drastic changes corresponding to the variation of the climate caused by the geological events.

Geographical constraints to range-based attacks on links in complex networks

In this paper, we studied range-based attacks on links in geographically constrained scale-free networks and found that there is a continuous switching of roles of short-and long-range attacks on links when tuning the geographical constraint strength. Our results demonstrate that the geography has a significant impact on the network efficiency and security; thus one can adjust the geographical structure to optimize the robustness and the efficiency of the networks. We introduce a measurement of the impact of links on the efficiency of the network, and an effective attacking strategy is suggested