A formação do leitor do ensino fundamental: as legendas cinematográficas

Given the pedagogical practices in respect of acts of reading in the current context of education institutions in primary education, it is clear that they are connected to decipher and not the search for meaning and understanding. In thinking about the use of new technologies that can contribute to the formation of the reader, it is believed that reading subtitles allows such training since it requires a quick read that does not cling to every word and attribution of meaning to monitor all the course of the film. This makes the children learn to read and make sense using the expertise of its cultural heritage. This research aimed to analyze the contribution of film subtitles to the formation of the reader from elementary school. Thus, students were invited, between the ages of six and ten years, with interest to see subtitled films, and they learn to read subtitles. The film sessions were held fortnightly at the school, in an adapted room. After the sessions, held group discussions to see what the problems in understanding the plot this paper presents data on the session of the film "Coração de Tinta". Children, assisted by the researchers could understand the story and learned to articulate their knowledge in situations of movies. The research is ongoing, but we can see that during the projection there are indications that they are able to read the subtitles, sometimes lose the timing of reading, but gradually evolve in the field of reading this kind of discourse.

Filme O Jardim Secreto: uma experiência com a leitura das legendas cinematográficas

By analyzing the pedagogical practices in respect of acts of reading in the current context of school education institutions vital, it is clear that they are linked to decipher. But it is believed that for the student to learn to read is necessary dialogue with the text, attribute meaning to writing and comprehension. When thinking about the use of technologies such as film subtitles, it is believed that they allow readers to form since they require a quick read without using the decryption with the attribution of meaning to follow the entire course of the film. This paper aims to present and analyze a film session the project subtitled and dubbed films in public schools and training of the reader, which investigates the contributions of cinematic legends in training readers in elementary school. In this paper we present data on the session of the film The Secret Garden, with students between six and ten years old in a public school in Marilia, SP. The session took place in film school, in a room adapted. When analyzing the results, we observed that reading subtitles contributes to children are not attached to decipher, because we used reading strategies to understand the plot and tried to dialogue with the text. This approach not only contributes reader for reading the screens, but also in fixed supports, for developing specific tactics for the scrolling text which can be applied to the texts on the immobilized support.

Eficácia de duas formulações de vacinas autógenas para o controle da lactococose em surubins híbridos Pseudoplatystoma corruscans x Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

Contaminação radioativa: aspectos fundamentais associados à poluição nuclear

Since its discovery, radioactivity has brought numerous benefits to human societies. It has many applications in medicine, serving as a tool for non-invasive methods for diagnosis and therapies against diseases such as cancer. It also applies to technologies for energy in nuclear power plants with relatively low impacts on terms of perfect security. All applications, however, have risks, requiring maximum caution to drive processes and operations involving radioactive elements because, once released into the environment, they have extremely harmful effects on organisms affected. This paper presents fundamental concepts and principles of nuclear physics in order to understand the effects of radioactive elements released into the environment, culminating on the issue of radioactive contamination. Literature review allowed us to understand the radioactive contamination problem on living beings. Three major nuclear accidents have happened in the last thirty years, two of them in consecutive years. The nuclear accident at Chernobyl, Ukraine, in 1986, polluted large areas, condemning hundreds of thousands of people to live with consequences of the accident and effects of radiation, killing thousands of people throughout the years. In 1987, a major radiological accident occurred in Goiania (GO) when a source of radioactive cesium was violated, leading to the death of those who had direct or indirect contact with cesium. The most recent accident, in March, 2011, was located at the nuclear power plant in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, after an earthquake and tsunami hit the region. There is no extensive and accurate knowledge about the consequences of the contamination entailed in that accident, although it is possible to verify signals on a global scale. An analysis of reports of contamination of large areas generated by nuclear plants with release of hazardous wastes suggests it is necessary to rethink the energy matrix of the various countries...

Why medical schools are tolerant of unethical behavior

The exposure to unethical and unprofessional behavior is thought to play a major role in the declining empathy experienced by medical students during their training. We reflect on the reasons why medical schools are tolerant of unethical behavior of faculty. First, there are barriers to reporting unprofessional behavior within medical schools including fear of retaliation and lack of mechanisms to ensure anonymity. Second, deans and directors do not want to look for unethical behavior in their colleagues. Third, most of us have learned to take disrespectful circumstances in health care institutions for granted. Fourth, the accreditation of medical schools around the world does not usually cover the processes or outcomes associated with fostering ethical behavior in students. Several initiatives promise to change that picture.

Hip fracture in a developing country: a picture in need of change

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Prostate biopsy in patients with long-term use of indwelling bladder catheter: What is the rationale?

Objective: Acute urinary retention (AUR) is expected to occur in 2% to 39% men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. To date, no study has elucidated the effect of long-term use of indwelling bladder catheter on serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and on the incidence of prostate cancer (CaP). The aim of the present study is to analyze the incidence of CaP in patients with long-term use of indwelling bladder catheter and determine some practice patterns on this issue. Materials and methods: The study comprised a retrospective analysis of data from 1,651 patients who had undergone transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy from July 2004 to June 2009. Among these patients, 198 (12%) were using an indwelling bladder catheter during the biopsy for at least 1 month. The incidence of CaP was recorded according to total PSA levels. Other variables such patient age, free/total PSA rate, PSA density, prostate volume, and duration of catheter use was also analyzed. Men with a digital rectal examination suspicious for cancer were not considered for analysis. Results: Median patient age was 71 years (37 to 89 years). Overall, 25% of patients presented a CaP diagnosis. CaP incidence according to the PSA levels was 0%, 18.9%, 24.5%, and 40.6% for patients with PSA <= 4.0, 4.1-10.0, 10.1-20.0, and >20.0 ng/ml, respectively. When prostate volume was analyzed together, we demonstrated that only 1 (2.4%) patient with PSA below 10.0 ng/ml and prostate volume >60 g had CaP. Median total PSA, PSA density, and prostate volume were statistically different between patients with and without CaP. Conclusions: Prostate biopsy should not be indicated for all patients with diagnosis of BPH and AUR who present an elevated PSA level. Patients with PSA below 10.0 ng/ml, and prostate volume >60 g should only undergo biopsy in selected cases. Patients with PSA >20.0 ng/ml and a prostate volume <= 60 g are at higher risk of CaP diagnosis. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Prasugrel versus Clopidogrel for Acute Coronary Syndromes without Revascularization

Background The effect of intensified platelet inhibition for patients with unstable angina or myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation who do not undergo revascularization has not been delineated. Methods In this double-blind, randomized trial, in a primary analysis involving 7243 patients under the age of 75 years receiving aspirin, we evaluated up to 30 months of treatment with prasugrel (10 mg daily) versus clopidogrel (75 mg daily). In a secondary analysis involving 2083 patients 75 years of age or older, we evaluated 5 mg of prasugrel versus 75 mg of clopidogrel. Results At a median follow-up of 17 months, the primary end point of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or stroke among patients under the age of 75 years occurred in 13.9% of the prasugrel group and 16.0% of the clopidogrel group (hazard ratio in the prasugrel group, 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79 to 1.05; P = 0.21). Similar results were observed in the overall population. The prespecified analysis of multiple recurrent ischemic events (all components of the primary end point) suggested a lower risk for prasugrel among patients under the age of 75 years (hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.00; P = 0.04). Rates of severe and intracranial bleeding were similar in the two groups in all age groups. There was no significant between-group difference in the frequency of nonhemorrhagic serious adverse events, except for a higher frequency of heart failure in the clopidogrel group. Conclusions Among patients with unstable angina or myocardial infarction without ST- segment elevation, prasugrel did not significantly reduce the frequency of the primary end point, as compared with clopidogrel, and similar risks of bleeding were observed. (Funded by Eli Lilly and Daiichi Sankyo; TRILOGY ACS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00699998.)