Avaliação e desenvolvimento dos locais de prática de desporto de natureza e turismo ativo: estudo caso da paisagem protegida da Serra de Montejunto

As áreas protegidas, pela sua diversidade de recursos, assumem um papel relevante no contexto do desenvolvimento local atual. Para além de se constituírem como locais privilegiados de biodiversidade, são também os espaços eleitos para a recreação e lazer. Assim, estas carecem de intervenções especializadas ao nível do planeamento e da gestão, no sentido de tirar o melhor partido dos seus recursos para as comunidades locais e, ao mesmo tempo, promover a sua sustentabilidade. As atividades de desporto de natureza e de turismo ativo identificam-se como um segmento do turismo capaz de atrair cada vez mais visitantes aos espaços naturais, constituindo um fator potencial de desenvolvimento económico, especialmente para as áreas protegidas. No entanto, este potencial só poderá ser devidamente explorado se garantirmos a sua conservação e a sua sustentabilidade. A presente investigação pretendeu abordar as grandes temáticas da prática de atividades de desporto de natureza e turismo ativo em áreas protegidas. Com base nisto, este estudo caracteriza a Paisagem Protegida da Serra de Montejunto e identifica o potencial desta área protegida para a prática de atividades de desporto de natureza e turismo ativo. Posteriormente, caracteriza, avalia e classifica os locais destinados à prática de atividades de desporto de natureza e turismo ativo identificados nesta área e apresenta, por fim, propostas de (re)qualificação desta área, no âmbito do turismo, do desporto e da sustentabilidade. A metodologia utilizada incluiu diversos métodos distinguidos em cada um dos estudos efetuados. Os resultados obtidos nesta investigação podem constituir uma importante ferramenta para os processos de planeamento, gestão e desenvolvimento turístico nesta área protegida.

Avaliação e desenvolvimento dos locais de prática de desporto de natureza e turismo ativo: estudo caso da paisagem protegida da Serra de Montejunto

As áreas protegidas, pela sua diversidade de recursos, assumem um papel relevante no contexto do desenvolvimento local atual. Para além de se constituírem como locais privilegiados de biodiversidade, são também os espaços eleitos para a recreação e lazer. Assim, estas carecem de intervenções especializadas ao nível do planeamento e da gestão, no sentido de tirar o melhor partido dos seus recursos para as comunidades locais e, ao mesmo tempo, promover a sua sustentabilidade. As atividades de desporto de natureza e de turismo ativo identificam-se como um segmento do turismo capaz de atrair cada vez mais visitantes aos espaços naturais, constituindo um fator potencial de desenvolvimento económico, especialmente para as áreas protegidas. No entanto, este potencial só poderá ser devidamente explorado se garantirmos a sua conservação e a sua sustentabilidade. A presente investigação pretendeu abordar as grandes temáticas da prática de atividades de desporto de natureza e turismo ativo em áreas protegidas. Com base nisto, este estudo caracteriza a Paisagem Protegida da Serra de Montejunto e identifica o potencial desta área protegida para a prática de atividades de desporto de natureza e turismo ativo. Posteriormente, caracteriza, avalia e classifica os locais destinados à prática de atividades de desporto de natureza e turismo ativo identificados nesta área e apresenta, por fim, propostas de (re)qualificação desta área, no âmbito do turismo, do desporto e da sustentabilidade. A metodologia utilizada incluiu diversos métodos distinguidos em cada um dos estudos efetuados. Os resultados obtidos nesta investigação podem constituir uma importante ferramenta para os processos de planeamento, gestão e desenvolvimento turístico nesta área protegida.

Uma cidade em transformação: a influência da atividade do crediário nas mudanças da paisagem urbana de Tenente Ananias-RN

Studies on the urban landscape and on the changes of the urban space are relevant, since they reveal the economic dynamics and the way of life in the cities. Research on small towns, in particular, can display particular aspects and by so doing broaden the comprehension of this theme. The purpose of this research is to analyze the changes in the urban landscape and in the way of life of the inhabitants of the town of Tenente Ananias-RN that have been taking place since the 1990s up to the present (2013) and which result mainly from the commercial activity of crediário. The study is, therefore, a reflection on the impact of crediário economy on the urban landscape and on the way of life of a small town located in the hinterland of the State of Rio Grande do Norte. For this reason, it was necessary to study the landscape and the way of life found in Tenente Ananias in two moments: a) before the rise of the crediário, a period of time ranging from the town‟s initial emergence until the beginning of the 1990s; b) during the progress of crediário activity, from the beginning of the 1990s, when it starts, up to the present (2013). For this research, primary data (interviews, local survey visits) and secondary data (books, articles, reports, census data) were used. As a result of this study, it was possible to conclude that crediário plays a fundamental role for the explanation of the changes taking place in Tenente Ananias-RN, especially in the urban landscape and in the way of life of people. We have attempted, through this research, to contribute to the studies of a historical, social and economic process related to the urban landscape and space of a small town in the State of Rio Grande do Norte

Paisagem, um patrimônio esquecido: subsídios para a construção de uma metodologia de valoração e proteção do cenário natural litorâneo

The so-called "residential tourism" came to intensify the previous occupation of the coastal zones, characterized by traditional beach houses, and brought significant consequences for their spatial configuration, and especially for its scenic value of the landscape. Although there is the intention to regulate the activities of enterprising groups by some legal instruments to control the use and occupation of land, and to contain some negative effects, the actions of government are still inefficient in trying to follow the implications on the landscape from the accelerated growth of the real estate and touristic sectors. Supported in the speech of economic development and income generation, public managers prioritize areas to attract tourists to the detriment of preserving important physical attributes of the natural environment that contribute significantly to the quality of life. The result can be noticed in the use of natural elements as one of the major components in the land valorization, and in the immediate attraction of investors and enterprising. Therefore, the objective of this work is to contribute to the debate on the landscape preservation a little detailed thematic in view of their relevance in the current context - by indicating subsidies to the creation of a methodology for the evaluation and protection of coastal zones that may assist the government in creating new instruments, and better prepare it in control of the occupation of these areas. For such, was followed two ways to analysis: the indirect method and the direct method. The first is grounded in the evaluation of landscape attributes, which is based on the work of Raquel Tardin (2008) and Eduardo Cuesta, Encarnación Algarra and Isabel Pastor (2001). The second, based on the research of Leticia and Carlos Hardt (2010) and on the concepts of phenomenology - expressed by Antonio Christofoletti (1985) and Yi-Fu Tuan (1983) - considers the population perspective on the quality of the natural scenery. Developed through cartographic materials, photographic collections and quantitative tables, this dissertation utilized as a case study the beaches of Barra de Tabatinga and Camurupim, located in the city of Nísia Floresta/RN. Despite already being sighted spaces of advanced stage of landscape degradation in these locations, areas of remarkable scenic value can still be found, what reinforce the urgency in adopting preservationists actions. The absence of laws focused on the management and protection of the landscape singularities associated with the inefficiency of the government to invigilate the land occupation in coastal zones, encourage the excessive action of the real estate-tourism, and consequently make the government the main responsible for the environmental and landscape impacts in these areas - by its omission or by their connivance. Therefore, the legislation permeates this entire process and constitutes itself as the most effective way to guarantee the right to the landscape to present and future generations. Are also pointed some important considerations to build a methodology, especially concerning possibilities of improvements and adaptations of its applicability in each case

Entre o cartão-postal e a cidade real: um estudo sobre paisagem e produção imobiliária em Natal/RN

Recent studies concerning the landscape have investigated the most important activities that contribute for its modification and have tried to better understand the society through the marks left by its quotidian. It is understood that singular landscapes constitute the cultural patrimonies of the cities, once they are part of the daily life of the citizens and are present in their social representations. Some contemporary authors defend the preservation of the natural and urban landscape trying, specially, to keep its importance for the local population. Natal is a city where the ambient qualities are well defined and known by the beauty of the area where it is located. Situated just between a river and the sea, the city grew following its geographic characteristics. The Potengi River, the Atlantic Ocean and the vast dunes ecosystem represented natural limits to the urban expansion; at the same time they have favored the development of a landscape pattern marked by the dialectic between the natural elements and the human interventions. However, this relationship changed after the intensification of the high rising development process that took place since the 1960s. The urban legislation tried to preserve the features of the local landscape delimiting Areas for Controlling Building High , destined to protect the scenic value of some parts of the city. On the other hand, the civil construction sector has made constant pressure in sense to abolish or to modify this legal instrument, aiming profits that have increased, in the 1990s, because of the consumption and the qualification of the urban space for tourist activities. It is necessary the raising of new elements to stimulate the quarrel about the landscape preservation, the process of the urban space production and the best way for the legislation implementation. This work tries to raise elements about the subject at local level, in sense to use Natal City experience to contribute for the formulation of indicators to raise the question about the lack of measure for subjective values, for example the cultural and affective value of the landscape. The natural elements inserted in the urban profile, represent strong visual references and supply identity to the town; they are part of the collective imaginary and are detached in the social context of the city. Then, why the preservation of the landscape, that estimates the improvement in the quality of life, is not enough to justify the controlling building high already previewed as part of Natal City Legislation? These questions send us to the approach of the landscape, as a community patrimony, alerting that some of its significant esthetics attributes must be preserved as a legacy for the future generations

Forma da paisagem como critério para otimização amostral de latossolos sob cultivo de cana-de-açúcar

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Relações solo-paisagem em uma litosseqüência arenito-basalto na região de Pereira Barreto, SP

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estudar as relações solo-paisagem em uma litosseqüência de transição arenito-basalto e verificar a similaridade dos limites de superfícies geomórficas mapeados no campo com os limites mapeados a partir de técnicas geoestatísticas. Foi realizado o mapeamento de uma área de 530 ha, utilizando-se equipamento de GPS, e em seguida elaborou-se o Modelo de Elevação Digital, que possibilitou o estabelecimento da transeção de 2.100 m a partir do topo. Ao longo da transeção, o terreno foi estaqueado a intervalos regulares de 50 m, nos quais foram realizadas medidas da altitude para confecção do perfil altimétrico. As superfícies geomórficas foram identificadas e delimitadas conforme critérios topográficos e estratigráficos, com base em intensas investigações de campo. Coletaram-se amostras de solo em pontos laterais em 67 locais, nas superfícies geomórficas identificadas, nas profundidades de 0,0-0,25 m e 0,80-1,00 m. Além disso, foram abertas trincheiras nos segmentos de vertente inseridos nas superfícies geomórficas mapeadas. As amostras coletadas foram analisadas quanto a densidade do solo, textura, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, SB, CTC, V, pH (água e KCl), SiO2, Al2O3 e Fe2O3 (ataque por H2SO4), óxidos de Fe livres extraído com ditionito-citrato-bicarbonato e ferro mal cristalizado extraídos com oxalato de amônio. A fração argila desferrificada foi analisada por difração de raios X. A compartimentação da paisagem em superfícies geomórficas e a identificação do material de origem mostraram-se bastante eficientes para entendimento da variação dos atributos do solo. A análise individual desses atributos por meio de estatística univariada auxiliou na discriminação das três superfícies geomórficas. O uso de técnicas de geoestatística permitiu a confirmação de que mesmo os atributos do solo apresentaram limites próximos aos das superfícies geomórficas.

Relações de poder, fragmentação e gestão do território no semi-árido nordestinho: um outro olhar sobre o Cariri paraibano

This study aims to analize the Cariri Paraibano territory, as a product of relations of power that were being established along its historic process of territory formation. In this process, the fragmentation and the territory management are fundamental elements to socioterritorial reality comprehension. The theoretical-conceptual basis is based on notions of territory, region, power and territory management, which are articulated to the opinions and empiric confirmations origined from interviews made with several social actions. They also were made photographical records and researches on books, newspapers and magazines, as well on other information sources related to the object of studying. Obtained data confirm the pressuposement on which the relations of dominations and the used methods by the power s owners in the region created a little fruitful political practice and little adequate to the process of active participation of the local population on the territory management, even being on disagreement with the new political-institutional mechanisms, which take to political-administrative more democratic and participative in the country

Estrutura genética populacional de Heliconius erato e Heliconius melpomene (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) em fragmentos de Mata Atlântica do Rio Grande do Norte

Extensive studies using molecular markers on butterflies have shown how a highly fragmented landscape may result in the reduction of gene flow among patches of habitat and, consequently, increase genetic differentiation among populations. However, little is known about Heliconius geographical structure and the effects of fragmentation on the connectivity of populations. Furthermore, findings on the effects of the population structure on the dynamics of mimicry evolution in Heliconius butterflies need to be tested in H. erato and H. melpomene specimens found in other locations other than Central and northern South Americas. For the present study, we had two motivations: (1) compare the population structure of H. erato and H. melpomene given the highly fragmented Brazil s Atlantic Forest habitat; and (2) studying population structure of co-mimics could give us insights into the dynamics of mimicry evolution. For this, we analysed the spatial structure and connectivity of eight populations of Heliconius butterflies, in a total of 137 H. erato specimens and 145 H. melpomene specimens, using nine microsatellites loci, 1144 AFLPs markers and 282 mitochondrial DNA sequences. In general, both species exhibited evidence of population subdivision but no isolation by distance indicating some extent of genetic differentiation among populations. Contrary to Kronforst & Gilbert s (2008) Costa Rican Heliconius, H. melpomene exhibited more genetic differentiation than H. erato based on nuclear markers. However, for mitochondrial DNA, H. erato populations showed more genetic differentiation than H. melpomene. Our results corroborate to other studies on Heliconius butterflies concerning the pronounced population subdivision and local genetic drift found in this genus. Nevertheless, the pattern of this differentiation varies significantly from the pattern found in studies conducted in Central America, where H. erato is generally more differentiated and structured than H. melpomene, based on nuclear markers. This different pattern may reflect different evolutionary histories of Heliconius species in Northeastern Brazil s Atlantic Forest

Análise dos remanescentes de mata atlântica do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte : uma perspectiva em alta resolução

The habitat loss and fragmentation are considered the main threats to the biodiversity. These threats operate at the landscape level, which drives the need to manage entire landscapes, not just its components. Although systematic monitoring of the Atlantic Forest biome has been ongoing since the late eighties, current data on forest fragmentation for the sub-region of Pernambuco are practically nonexistent. This study aimed to map out, with high spatial resolution, the remnants of Atlantic forest in Rio Grande do Norte, and conduct a landscape level analysis. The results show that the landscape is highly fragmented, where about 13.6% to 17% of biome remains. Most of the fragments is less than 10 ha, while a few fragments have area larger than 100 ha. Although the high degree of fragmentation, the average distance between fragments found was small (128 m), this estimate is lower than has been observed for the biome (1440m). There is evidence that abrupt changes in the quantification of landscape structure can occur when one observes the fragmentation at high spatial resolution. The results presented here can be used in management actions, in order to make the scenario more conducive to maintaining biodiversity.

A concepção de paisagem de professores de geografia em escolas do município de Parnamirim (RN)

This work is an exploratory study based on the principles of qualitative research aiming at the conception of landscape by Geography teachers in the city of Parnamirim (RN), as well as the pedagogical implications originated from such conceptions on the formation of students. In order to start our investigative process, we used, as theoretical and methodological reference, some principles of historical and dialectical materialism by Triviños (2007) and historical cultural approach of education by Freire (1987; 1996) e Vygotsky (1993; 2001; 2007), as well as the meaning of conception by Morin (1996) and Ferreira (2007) and the critical approach of geography by Moraes (2005), Santos (1988; 2004; 2006) and Silva (1989; 2010). Also, we used oral history as a research technique such as Moraes (2004), Bertaux (2010), Ferraroti (2010) and Nóvoa (2010) and semi-structured interviews as data collection tools. Our empirical reference is made of four teachers working in four different public schools in the city mentioned above, providing the needed data to start our research. The objective of such interviews is not the verification of the teachers‟ practice in class or outside them, but it highlights the transitoriness of the evidences mentioned in the research. Thus, we conclude that the conception of landscape mostly accepted by the teachers, once it is a process built along their lives and surrounded by their pedagogical practice, prioritizes the visual and morphological aspects and the sentimental livings related to the conception which is situated in a descriptive level of conception. Effectively, the pedagogical implications of these conceptions at school point to a materialization of geography teaching centered on the non-critical reproduction of school subjects which very little instigate the learners to process, via dialogicity, the re-significations of their essential and multiple attributes despite the several attempts and possibilities of some theoretical and methodological renovations on the application of geographical knowledge about landscape, expressed on the report of the interviewees

Implantação de Reservas Legais: uma nova perspectiva na conservação dos recursos naturais em paisagem rural

According to the Forest Code of 1965, it is mandatory that every rural property destine part of its land to the establishment of Legal Reserves. When a diagnosis is made over all Brazil, the reality is quite different from what is demanded by law. Therefore, this work, as a general objective, proposes ways of establishing Legal Reserves based on the analysis of the environmental deterioration in a river basin. For this purpose, the environmental deterioration was detected based on three diagnoses: physical-conservational, socioeconomical, and environmental quality. In this way, from a quantitative and qualitative diagnosis, it was possible to identify the main aggressive factors in the studied river basin and to indicate the main vulnerabilities that the area is subjected. According to such diagnosis, some proposals for the establishment of Legal Reserves are discussed here based on scientific arguments aimed at the conservation of water resources, soil and biodiversity. It is hoped, that from this study, the environment receives a new tool for diagnosis, pollution control, recovery and conservation of natural resources.