Linguagem como Abertura ao Diálogo entre Cuidado em Saúde e Educação Médica

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou estudar a temática do cuidado, inerente e imanente às relações dos sujeitos da saúde, a partir de uma pesquisa teórica com implicações para a prática. Utilizamos o referencial filosófico de Merleau-Ponty, que analisa o sujeito do conhecimento em sua experiência mundana. Sob esta ótica, parte-se do pressuposto de que a experiência vivida pelo profissional da ciência médica, em seus campos de atuação, abre um espaço singular de constituição de sentidos em suas trocas intersubjetivas. A linguagem, como ponto de partida para o entendimento da relação entre a equipe de saúde e os usuários dos equipamentos, tem na comunicação a possibilidade de abertura para o homem se constituir enquanto sujeito autônomo; e a cada momento, a fala propicia a interação entre o eu e o outro, favorecendo o encontro. A fenomenologia, cada vez mais evidenciada em estudos de saúde, é importante ferramenta para a educação médica e, ao apresentar a linguagem como o sentido que habita a palavra, torna-se elemento-chave das atuações clínico-institucionais, promovendo a produção de cuidado.

Vers une phénoménologie de la danse : une approche merleau-pontienne

La présente étude vise à dégager les paramètres élémentaires d’une analyse phénoménologique de la danse. D’emblée, la pensée de Maurice Merleau-Ponty s’impose comme cadre privilégié pour révéler l’expérience vécue de cet art qui met en scène un savoir corporel complexe. À partir de sa théorie de la perception, dont découlent les phénomènes relatifs au corps moteur, à l’espace et à l’intersensorialité, notre étude aménage les contours d’une analyse existentielle du geste dansé. Ce faisant, nous nous heurtons à un constat : le phénomène de la danse se présente comme un élément perturbateur de la pensée merleau-pontienne. En effet, il incite à en questionner les aspects fondamentaux, voire à en constater certaines limites. Informée par les études de Rudolf Laban, instigateur de la « danse libre » allemande et par les celles des philosophes contemporains Maxine Sheets-Johnstone, Michel Bernard, Laurence Louppe et Renaud Barbaras, notre étude démontre en effet que la thèse merleau-pontienne de la perception empêche de cibler le travail kinesthésique du corps propre dans l’empire du « sentir » qui l’anime et de reconnaitre sa constitution profondément dynamique. Pour combler cette carence, nous invitons à une phénoménologie de la danse qui puisse embrasser sa nature poétique, la sensibilité créatrice qu’elle requiert et le travail sensible qu’elle habilite. Nous envisageons alors, avec le philosophe de la sensation Renaud Barbaras, de nous inspirer d’une heuristique aux traits vitalistes pour réhabiliter certaines notions battues en retraite par la tradition phénoménologique. En nous tournant vers les concepts de force, de désir, d’intensification, nous tentons de retrouver dans la logique de la sensation elle-même un dynamisme fondamental que l’expérience esthétique amplifie. La recherche nous montre que la danse est l’art qui, mieux que nul autre, rend compte de ce phénomène complexe.

Concepções de mulheres sobre a terminologia relativa ao aparelho reprodutor feminino

Esta é uma pesquisa qualitativa fenomenológica com embasamento filosófico na fenomenologia da percepção de Merleau-Ponty. Tem como propósito conhecer as concepções das mulheres sobre a terminologia relativa ao aparelho reprodutor feminino. Os sujeitos do estudo foram 10 mulheres não-gestantes, não-puérperas e não-nulíparas usuárias do Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF) Jenor Jarros. O instrumento de pesquisa utilizado foi entrevista semi-estruturada no qual perguntava-se sobre o significado das palavras relativas ao aparelho reprodutor feminino, e foi construído a partir da terminologia expressa pelas usuárias do PSF Jenor Jarros recolhida das observações das consultas de enfermagem ginecológica. Surgiram 22 essências que possibilitaram à pesquisadora conhecer de que modo as mulheres concebem seu aparelho reprodutor. As mulheres, sujeitos do estudo, revelaram a íntima relação entre o sentir/perceber seus órgãos reprodutores a partir da experiência vivida com a significação dos órgãos reprodutores. O enfermeiro deve compreender e aceitar que cada mulher tem um modo de perceber seu corpo e que interagem com o mundo de forma peculiar.

Uma educação tecida no corpo

In theory say the education as a knot of meanings made in the body. We take as a reference for demonstration of this argument the shows Folguedos, Guarnicê and Flor do Lírio and built within such spectacles cultural, symbolic and aesthetic meanings, which reveal the education woven in the body. Education that can happen not only in the formal space like the classroom or the university, but also in the area of art and the inclusion of individuals in the world of culture. So during the construction of the thesis we reflect on the following issues: what is the construction of culture and art that have in the Parafolclórico group? What way theses shows in their buildings bring significant elements that might compose an educational activity. How objectives sought asking the dichotomies present in the concepts of art and culture; critically systematize a work of artistic, cultural and educational production in the group, in addition to expanding the understanding of education, considering the body experiences. The phenomenological attitude of Merleau-Ponty, is a reference methodology of this study, which places the reference knowledge as a result of our experience in the world, our world lived. Thus, this study considers the experience of the researcher in the three shows in tariff, represented by scenes described, as a dancer and spectator. Therefore we understand that Folguedos, Guarnicê and Flor do Lírio in their artistic, aesthetic and cultural languages, allow many meanings that occur in the body, which invites the perception and extend the experience of the subject, demonstrating an education that allows sight and knowledge, seeking new sensations and experiences, we show our intimacy with the world, with the objects and with the other. The art is understood as virtuality, as a human creation that carries the reality and that allows many readings and experiences, each perception can recognize and know new horizons, having as base and material the culture. This entails the heterogeneous, is not closed but that individuals can interpret it entered and recognize the symbols they created the same way, confirming a unit. The art and culture show us significant evidences of an education woven in the body

Corpo e poesia: para uma educação dos sentidos

In this research, we reflect on Body and Poetry: for an Education of the senses. This piece of work has as its objective the comprehension of the body and poetry s interlacement, for an education of the senses, starting from the experience of the Being in the world. With this purpose, we search to understand the poetic creation as the corporal transubstantiation by means of the senses, which is realized in the creative expression and manifests itself in the body language, opening ways to an education felt in the aesthetic experience. In order to comprehend the process of poetic creation, we rely on the phenomenological method of the lived world from Merleau-Ponty, philosophy, always opening forests of questionings and sprouting new doubts in search of other comprehensions about Poetry, Body and Education. These three phenomena were investigated by means of a reflection on my own life trajectory as a poet and Physical Education professor; identification and analysis of poets/reciters; sensitive experiences experience lived in Oficinas de Poesias (Poetry Workshops), held in seven public governmental schools of the State of Rio Grande do Norte and through a permanent dialogue with the works of Merleau-Ponty, Severino Antonio, Paul Zumthor, Petrucia Nóbrega, among other authors. Phenomenology and the sources investigated have permitted us to conclude that poetic creation is not a product of a divine inspiration, of a spirit come from over yonder, nor a hereditary gift, but poetry is created from a dialogue between the poet and the organic and cultural world, revealing at each experience undergone a new world of senses and meanings. It was possible to comprehend the poetic language as a synesthetic and performable manifestation, which ontologically reveals itself and hides itself at each experience, bringing new expressive clarities of the Being in the world. This piece of research has revealed us that poetry as a sensitive experience of the poetic state makes it possible a construction of a sensitive, glad and ludic knowledge for an education of the senses

Esporte como experiência estética e educativaEsporte educativa: uma abordagem fenomenológica

This paper deals with sport as a possibility of disclosing the sensible, and defends the idea that being a sportsperson equals living an aesthetic and educative experience in which one can interacts with the sensible by the athletic body s reverberation of sensations in the dimension of the experienced. We try to answer, in our work, basically three questions: what moves the athlete when practicing a sport? Which are the meanings and motivations for the practice of sports? At what measure the athlete s experience gains an educational character? Sport is debated in this work as an extension of the living, as long as it tries to understand the meanings inherent to sport itself as well as to the sportive experience as a kind of education. In support of our argument, we give a theoretic and philosophical approach to our thesis, based on thinkers like Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Walter Benjamin, Marcel Mauss and Friedrich Schiller. For this purpose, we get support on the phenomenology of the French philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Our reference is the living world of the athlete and his experience as a field of the sensible. Our point of departure is the analysis of the narratives of sport experiences, including five aesthetic elements; time and space of the body in the sports courts; the look on the sportive context; the contact with the adversary; victory and defeat; the technical gesture. Besides it, we worked out an aesthetic evaluation of the movies Olympia and Invictus , what let us discuss three thematic categories: sensibility, emotions and the play paradox. Subsequently, we point sport as an optimizer of the sensible education, present on the body s processes, like the body in movement. It was also made clear along this paper that we tried to accomplish an analysis on sports centered in the athlete s body as an outfit of the senses to things related to the sensible, whose aesthetic experience overpasses any deterministic conception that should sum up the sportive world to mercantilization, discipline practices and mechanicism. This approach franchises gateways to a Physical Education which, containing sports as one of its support, let pupils enjoy the pleasure of constructing common objectives, incorporating the capacity of replicating, re-making and playing as a field of possibilities offered by an education characterized as being moving, sensible and fitful to a body in movement

O Corpo do grupo corpo: os movimentos das obras Benguelê, Lecuona e Onqotô

In this research, we invite to reflection by a phenomenological gaze on the body, through the description of some works of contemporary Brazilian dance company Grupo Corpo. This Company was chosen intentionally to give us elements in their creations to interrogate the understanding of the body and sensitive. Thus, as we launch issues in this dissertation: that body dance in Grupo Corpo? And as we can see, a phenomenological approach, an understanding of the body and sensitive works in that company? Building on this, the works are to be questioned Benguelê (1998/2003), Lecuona (2004) and Onqotô (2005). It is intended, through these works, coreological approaching the discourse of philosophical discourse and give movement to phenomenological thought of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, in special the sensitive, flesh of the body, the investment in the sensory world as a merger, calling the know body and its power to take chances, to incorporate the world, language, culture, create and choose. Thus, these openings is where thought enters this research. This consistency, we used the phenomenological attitude of Maurice Merleau-Ponty as a methodological approach, since in their study the philosopher takes a look expressive on the body, forming a sensitive language that is expressed in the movements, which deepens the arguments of the Phenomenology a new arrangement for knowledge as a result of our experience in the lived world. The reflections presented here aim to take us to the amazement, the unthinking, whom many still impose epistemological challenges, including understanding the body of knowledge and sensitive

A experiência do corpo na dança butô: indicadores para pensar a educação

Neste artigo pretende-se refletir, apoiado em alguns ensaios de Merleau-Ponty e com base na fenomenologia, acerca do corpo e das narrativas e saberes que nele se anunciam na dança butô — modalidade que combina dança e teatro, criada no Japão na década de 1950. De modo geral, o corpo foi compreendido como elemento acessório no processo educativo, e essa compreensão ainda é predominante no contexto atual. Nossa reflexão tenta apontar outros caminhos de entendimento do corpo na educação, a partir de uma atitude que busca superar o instrumentalismo e ampliar as referências educativas, ao considerar a fenomenologia do corpo, e sua relação com o conhecimento sensível, como aquela capaz de amplificar a textura corpórea dos processos de conhecimento. Considerando a experiência do corpo na dança butô, apresentamos indicadores para pensar a educação, relacionados à experiência estética. Dentre eles destacamos: a plasticidade do corpo, a sua produção incessante de ressignificações, a sua abertura à inovação, a sua condição mutante, a sua ruptura com a mecanização gestual, a sua não dissociação entre homem e mundo, pensamento e sentimento. Todos esses aspectos que reúnem o saber recursivo, integrativo e criativo do corpo, são indicadores para pensarmos na educação, por tratar-se de uma nova possibilidade de leitura do real, a partir da linguagem do gesto, em que dialogam saberes e práticas inscritos na experiência corporal

Processos de criação em sala de aula: experiências fenomenológicas como formas de reaprender a ver o mundo

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

A expressão no ciberespaço: um voltar-se fenomenologicamente para o diálogo acerca de conteúdos matemáticos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Percepção e impercepção: a experiência sensível na tradição fenomenológica

In this paper, we circumscribe a domain of theoretical research on the combination dynamics between the dimensions of presence and absence, visibility and invisibility, which emerges in the phenomenology of perception as an essential trait which marks both our experience of the perceived world and our subjective and intersubjective experience. We prioritize a theoretical axis that integrates Edmund Husserl and Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s thinking into Renaud Barbaras’ recent contributions. To this philosophical framework, we link contributions especially of psychology, outlining the circular movement observed between the phenomenology of perception and phenomenological psychology, Gestalt psychology, psychoanalysis, cognitive sciences and neurosciences.

Lugar do imaginário do ver: diálogos a partir do espelho lacaniano

Lacan’s conception of the mirror stage involves a rich network of theoretical dialogues. Amidst this network, an idea of subject is drawn. The aim of this paper is to examine that idea, not inside Lacan’s work, but in the theoretical framework related to the theme under analysis. We are interested in situating certain methodological and anthropological aspects of the mirror stage in relation to its mediating theories. Our observations are focused on three authors: Wallon, Sartre and Merleau-Ponty. As early as in 1931, the first underlined the importance of the child’s experience in front of the mirror to study his/her psychogenesis. The second is considered a representative of a Cogito philosophy and, therefore, seems to serve as a counter-reference for the psychoanalyst. The third established a relation of mutual dialogue with Lacan, reinforcing the heuristic nature of confrontations between psychoanalysis and phenomenology.

Fundamentos filosóficos e antropológicos da teoria do se-movimentar e a formação de sujeitos emancipados, autônomos e críticos: o exemplo do currículo de educação física do Estado de São Paulo

This article examines philosophical and anthropological underpinnings of the Sich-Bewegen Theory, based on the phenomenological philosophy by Merleau-Ponty and social anthropology by Mauss and Geertz. It also considers implications for Physical Education Elementary and High School curricula aimed at forming emancipated, autonomous and critical individuals, taking the Physical Education Curriculum of the State of Sao Paulo as example. It concludes that the curriculum needs to imbricate into students'social life and take into account the challenges and issues from contemporary society.

Educação e inclusão: o ser professor ao educar alunos com deficiência numa escola confessional

O presente estudo tem por objetivo refletir o significado do ser professor ao educar alunos com deficiência e dificuldades de aprendizagem no contexto da confessionalidade Metodista . Para tanto contou com preciosas contribuições teóricas e relatos de experiências profissionais, com destaque às teorias de Paulo Freire, Merleau-Ponty. Hannah Arendt, Lino de Macedo. Maria Tereza Eglêr Mantoan. Joel Martins, Maria Aparecida Viggiani Bicudo, Leonardo Boff e Rui de Souza Josgrilberg. Para a coleta de dados necessários, foram utilizadas entrevistas orientadas pela pergunta da pesquisa - o que norteou toda a tragetória metodológica, contando com a participação de professores do Grupo Alternativo do Colégio Metodista. O método utilizado para a análise dos dados foi o fenomenólogo. Da análise empreendida ressalta, principalmente, a evidência de que no lócus alternativo de escolarização, o professor tem a condição de assumir uma nova atitude frente ao fenômeno da aprendizagem mediada pelo princípio da inclusão pautado em valores éticos e cristãos na formação do conhecimento e da cidadania. Da reflexão do que se desvelou, põe a descoberto o significado do ser professor. Surge a oportunidade dele repensar sua práxis, a concepção do ser professor que em relação de educabilidade, busca habitar o Lebenswelt. Abre-se, assim, uma possibilidade de compreender e intervir significativamente na relação com o aluno, que envolve uma atitude fenomenológica no compromisso com uma educação humana.(AU)