Prevalência de dor lombar não específica em alunos da Escola E.B. 2/3 de Santa Marinha

A dor lombar é um dos distúrbios músculo-esqueléticos mais comuns, verificando-se um aumento na última década em crianças. O objectivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de dor lombar não específica no último mês e no último ano em crianças em idade escolar. O estudo foi do tipo observacional descritivo transversal, a amostra foi constituída por 219 alunos entre os 10 e os 16 anos. Os instrumentos usados foram um questionário para a dor lombar, fita métrica e balança. Concluiu-se que prevalência de dor lombar na população estudada é elevada. Verificamos associação entre a dor lombar e o sexo feminino.

Core group approach to identify college students at risk for sexually transmitted infections

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the core group for sexually transmitted infections (STI) among college students. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out in a convenience sample comprising 711 college students of the public university of Morelos, Mexico, between 2001 and 2003. Sociodemographic and sexual behavior information were collected using self-applied questionnaires. Herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2) infection was tested in the blood. The number of sexual partners in the last year and cocaine consumption were used as indicators to construct the dependent variable "level of STI risk" in three categories: low, medium and high risk (core group). A multinomial analysis was conducted to evaluate whether different sex behaviors were associated with the variable "level of STI risk". RESULTS: There was significant association between HSV-2 seroprevalence and the variable "level of STI risk": 13%, 5.6% and 3.8% were found in high (core group), medium and low categories, respectively. There were gender differences regarding the core group. Men started having sexual intercourse earlier, had more sex partners, higher alcohol and drug consumption, higher frequency of sex intercourse with sex workers, exchanging sex for money, occasional and concurrent partners compared to women. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings suggest existing contextual characteristics in the study population that affect their sex behavior. In Mexico, the cultural conception of sexuality is determined mainly by gender differences where men engage in higher risky sexual behavior than women.

Hospitalization due to drug use did not change after a decade of the Psychiatric Reform

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the psychiatric hospitalization rates due to use of psychoactive substances and average time of hospitalization suffered any changes after the first decade of effective implementation of the psychiatric reform in Brazil. METHODS This article examines the evolution of hospitalizations due to disorders arising from the use of alcohol or other substances in the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, from 2000 to 2012. This is an ecological, time-series study, which uses data from admissions obtained by the Informatics Service of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Hospitalization rates by 100,000 inhabitants and average time of occupancy of beds were estimated. Coefficients of variation of these rates were estimated by Poisson Regression. RESULTS The total and male hospitalization rates did not vary (p = 0.056 and p = 0.244, respectively). We observed an increase of 3.0% for the female sex (p = 0.049). We did not observe any significant variation for occupancy time of beds. CONCLUSIONS The deployment of services triggered by the Brazilian psychiatric reform was not accompanied by a reduction of hospitalization rates or mean occupancy time of hospitalized patients during this first decade of implementation of the reform.

ERICA: prevalence of asthma in Brazilian adolescents

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of asthma and physician-diagnosed asthma in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional, national, school-based study with adolescents from 12 to 17 years old, participants in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). The study stratified the sample by region and grouped according to schools and classes with representativeness to the set of cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants of the Country, macro-regions, capitals, and Federal District. A questionnaire collected data through a self-filled in method. We calculated the prevalences and their confidence intervals of 95% (95%CI) according to sex, age group, type of school and skin color. RESULTS Between 2013 and 2014, 74,589 adolescents were evaluated, 55.3% of the female sex. The total prevalence of active asthma was of 13.1% (95%CI 12.1-13.9), being higher in girls (14.8%; 95%CI 13.7-16.0) when compared to boys (11.2%; 95%CI 10.3-12.2) in all geographical strata examined. It was also higher between students of private schools (15.9%; 95%CI 14.2-17.7) when compared to public ones (12.4%; 95%CI 11.4-13.4). It was higher in the Southeast region (14.5%; 95%CI 12.9-16.1), and in the city of Sao Paulo (16.7%; 95%CI 14.7-18.7). The lowest prevalence was observed in North region (9.7%; 95%CI 9.7-10.5), and in Teresina (6.3%; 95%CI 4.9-7.7). The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma was of 8.7% (95%CI 8.2-9.1); higher in the North region (13.5%; 95%CI 12.7-14.2), and in Porto Alegre (19.8%; 95%CI 17.5-22.3). It was lower in the Midwest (6.9%; 95%CI 6.0-7.8), and in Cuiaba (4.8%; 95%CI 3.8-5.9). We found no significant difference in the expression of this rate between the sexes, as well as in other variables evaluated by the study. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of asthma in Brazilian adolescents is high. Rates of active asthma and physician-diagnosed asthma vary widely in different regions and capitals evaluated by the ERICA. These results may assist in the preparation of preventive programs and policies on health and a better understanding of the factors associated with asthma in this age group.

ERICA: leisure-time physical inactivity in Brazilian adolescents

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity in Brazilian adolescents and their association with geographical and sociodemographic variables. METHODS The sample was composed by 74,589 adolescents participating in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). This cross-sectional study of school basis with national scope involved adolescents aged from 12 to 17 years in Brazilian cities with more than 100 thousand inhabitants. The prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity was categorized according to the volume of weekly practice (< 300; 0 min). The prevalences were estimated for the total sample and by sex. Poisson regression models were used to assess associated factors. RESULTS The prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity was 54.3% (95%CI 53.4-55.2), and higher for the female sex (70.7%, 95%CI 69.5-71.9) compared to the male (38.0%, 95%CI 36.7-39.4). More than a quarter of adolescents (26.5%, 95%CI 25.8-27.3) reported not practicing physical activity in the leisure time, a condition more prevalent for girls (39.8%, 95%CI 38.8-40.9) than boys (13.4%, 95%CI 12.4-14.4). For girls, the variables that were associated with physical inactivity were: reside in the Northeast (RP = 1.13, 95%CI 1.08-1.19), Southeast (RP = 1.16, 95%CI 1.11-1.22) and South (RP = 1.12, 95%CI 1.06-1.18); have 16-17 years (RP = 1.06, 95%CI 1.12-1.15); and belong to the lower economic class (RP = 1.33, 95%CI 1.20-1.48). The same factors, except reside in the Southeast and South, were also associated with not practicing physical activity in the leisure time for the same group. In males, as well as the region, being older (p < 0.001) and declaring to be indigenous (RP = 0.37, 95%CI 0.19-0.73) were also associated with not practicing physical activities in the leisure time. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity in Brazilian adolescents is high. It presents regional variations and is associated with age and low socioeconomic status. Special attention should be given to girls and to those who do not engage in any physical activity during the leisure time, so that they can adopt a more active lifestyle.

Epidemiology of neurocysticercosis in Brazil

A revision of literature was done with the objective of tracing an epidemiologic profile of neurocysticercosis (NCC) in Brazil. The prevalence was 0.12-9% in autopsies. The frequency was 0.03-7.5% in clinical series and 0.68-5.2% in seroepidemiological studies. The disease corresponds to 0.08-2.5% of admissions to general hospitals. Patient origin was rural in 30-63% of cases. The most involved age range (64-100%) was 11 to 60 years, with a predominance (22-67%) between 21 and 40 years. The male sex was the most affected (51-80%). In the severe forms there was a predominance of urban origin (53-62%) and of the female sex (53-75%). The period of hospitalization ranges from 1 to 254 days and 33 to 50% of patients suffer 1.7 ± 1.4 admissions. The clinical picture was variable, with a predominance of epileptic syndrome (22-92%) and intracranial hypertension (19-89%). Psychiatric manifestations were associated in 9-23% of patients. Lethality was 0.29% in terms of all diseases in general and 4.8-25.9% in terms of neurologic diseases. The asymptomatic form was detected in 6% of patients in clinical serie and in 48.5% of case from autopsies. The racemose form and ventricular localization also was observed as asymptomatic form. Among the patients with cutaneous cysticercosis 65% of them showed neurologic manifestations.

Susceptibilidade genética para cancro da mama

RESUMO: O cancro da mama é a patologia oncológica mais frequente nas mulheres sendo o responsável pela maior taxa de mortalidade por cancro no sexo feminino. Contudo, as causas inerentes a esta patologia permanecem por esclarecer. Nos últimos anos tem-se verificado que o risco para patologia neoplásica depende de factores ambientais e genéticos, estando estes últimos associados à variabilidade genética inter-individual. Polimorfismos genéticos em genes envolvidos no metabolismo de hormonas sexuais, de cancerígenos ambientais e na reparação da lesão genética, são potenciais candidatos a estarem associados à susceptibilidade individual para esta patologia. Assim, neste trabalho desenvolveram-se estudos de associação caso-controlo na população Portuguesa, com vista a avaliar-se o papel atribuído aos polimorfismos na susceptibilidade para cancro da mama. Foram seleccionados polimorfismos em genes envolvidos em diferentes vias mecanicistas: destoxificação de cancerígenos, metabolismo de estrogénios, reparação por excisão de bases, reparação por excisão de nucleótidos, reparação mismatch e reparação por recombinação homóloga. Os resultados obtidos revelaram associação entre os seguintes polimorfismos e a susceptibilidade individual para cancro da mama: os dois SNPs estudados no gene XRCC1 (Arg194Trp e Arg399Gln) e o SNP no gene XRCC3 (Thr241Met) após estratificação pelo status menopausico. Mediante estratificação por status de amamentação os SNPs identificados nos genes MnSOD (Val16Ala) e XRCC2 (Arg118His); um SNP no gene MLH3 (Leu844Pro), e por fim como resultado de interacção gene-gene as interacções descritas por MSH3 Ala1045Thr/MSH6 Gly39Glu e MSH4 Ala97Thr/MLH3 Leu844Pro. Os resultados obtidos e apresentados na presente dissertação, revelam que o estudo de polimorfismos pode representar um papel determinante na etiologia do cancro da mama. No entanto, mais estudos envolvendo estes mesmos polimorfismos em populações casuisticamente superiores serão uma mais-valia nos estudos de associação para esta neoplasia. Adicionalmente, a utilização da metodologia de Pools de DNA, poderá ser uma ferramenta útil na pré-selecção dos polimorfismos mais relevantes a estudar, na medida em que permite estimar a frequência alélica de cada SNP numa determinada população.-----------------------------------ABSTRACT: Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women, being the responsible for the highest mortality rate from cancer among the female sex. However, the main causes related to this pathology remain unclear. The risk of neoplasic disease has been connected with genetic and environmental factors. In fact, genes and the environment share the stage for most, if not all, common non-familial cancers, and are related to individual susceptibility. Genetic polymorphisms identified in genes encoding enzymes involved in estrogen metabolism, xenobiotics and DNA repair pathways are believed to be candidates for associations with breast cancer. Therefore, it was our intention to develop case-control studies among the Portuguese population, in order to evaluate the potential role of several genetic polymorphisms in breast cancer susceptibility. We selected polymorphisms in genes involved in different pathways: carcinogenic detoxification, estrogen metabolism, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair and double strand break repair by homologous recombination. The results obtained revealed potential associations between some polymorphisms studied and individual susceptibility to breast cancer. Regarding this fact, our results suggest the potential involvement of two XRCC1 gene polymorphisms (Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln) and XRCC3 gene polymorphism (Thr241Met) after stratification to menopausal status and after stratification to breastfeeding status an association of MnSOD gene polymorphism (Val16Ala) and XRCC2 (Arg188His) with the disease. The SNP identified in MLH3 gene (Leu844Pro), and the interaction gene-gene described by MSH3 Ala1045Thr/MSH6 Gly39Glu and MSH4 Ala97Thr/MLH3 Leu844Pro were also related to breast cancer susceptibility. The results shown in the present dissertation have revealed the potential role of polymorphisms in breast cancer etiology. However, further studies will be needed with larger populations to confirm these results. Additionally, the use of DNA pools methodology, as a pre-selection tool, could allow the identification of the most relevant polymorphisms to be studied, estimating the allelic frequency of each SNPs in different populations.

Sexual transmission of hepatitis C

It is generally agreed that the hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be efficiently transmitted parenterally, although data on viral transmission by sexual or non-sexual intrafamilial contact are conflicting. Since data collection began in 1989, the first study dealt with the risk of sexual transmission among multiple sex partners. Other investigations followed, emphasizing that risk increases in specific groups such as patients co-infected with HIV and HBV, sex workers, homosexuals, illicit drug users and patients attended at sexually transmittable disease clinics. The question arises as to what might be the risk for monogamous heterosexuals in the general population, in which one of the partners has HCV? The literature provides overall rates that vary from zero to 27%; however, most studies affirm that the chances of sexual transmission are low or almost null, with rates for this mode fluctuating from zero to 3%. Intrafamilial transmission is strongly considered but inconclusive, since when mentioning transmission between sex partners within the same household, specific situations also should be considered, such as the sharing of personal hygiene items, like razorblades, toothbrushes, nail clippers and manicure pliers, which are important risk factors in HCV transmission. In this review, we discuss the hypotheses of sexual and/or intrafamilial transmission.

Epidemiologia da insónia em adolescentes : do diagnóstico de situação à intervenção

RESUMO - Introdução: Os problemas do sono, designadamente a insónia, os sintomas de insónia, os padrões de sono inadequados e a sonolência diurna, são frequentes na adolescência. Estes problemas estão frequentemente associados a múltiplos fatores, entre os quais estilos de vida e fatores ambientais, e apresentam consequências significativas na vida do adolescente e posteriormente na idade adulta. O sono e as suas perturbações deveriam constituir uma preocupação para os profissionais da saúde e da educação com o objetivo de tornar os hábitos de sono saudáveis num estilo de vida - com benefícios calculáveis como os associados a outros estilos de vida saudáveis (alimentação e exercício físico). Em Portugal, os estudos sobre problemas do sono em adolescentes são escassos, bem como as intervenções individuais e comunitárias no âmbito da higiene do sono. Os objetivos desta investigação foram estimar a prevalência de insónia e de sintomas de insónia em adolescentes, identificar fatores de risco e protetores dos sintomas de insónia, analisar as repercussões dos sintomas de insónia, caracterizar os padrões de sono dos adolescentes do distrito de Viseu e elaborar uma proposta de intervenção destinada à promoção da higiene do sono adaptada às características dos adolescentes do distrito de Viseu. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo transversal onde se avaliaram alunos de vinte e seis escolas públicas do terceiro ciclo e secundário do distrito de Viseu, durante ano letivo 2011/2012. A recolha dos dados foi efetuada através de um questionário autoaplicado e respondido pelos alunos em sala de aula. Foram considerados elegíveis para participar no estudo todos os alunos que frequentassem entre o 7.º e o 12.º ano de escolaridade e tivessem idades entre os 12 e os 18 anos. Dos 9237 questionários distribuídos recolheu-se 7581 (82,1%). Foram excluídos da análise os questionários relativos a adolescentes com idade inferior a 12 ou superior a 18 anos e os questionários devolvidos por preencher. A amostra global foi constituída por 6919 adolescentes, sendo 3668 (53,2%) do sexo feminino. A insónia foi definida com base na presença, no mês prévio, dos sintomas de insónia definidos nos critérios do DSM-IV (dificuldade em adormecer, dificuldade em manter o sono, acordar muito cedo e ter dificuldade em voltar a adormecer e sono não reparador) com uma frequência de pelo menos três vezes por semana e associados a consequências no dia-a-dia. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada com recurso à escala de qualidade de vida SF-36; a sintomatologia depressiva através do Inventário de Depressão de Beck para adolescentes (BDI-II) e a sonolência diurna utilizando a Escala de Sonolência de Epworth (ESE). Para responder ao último objetivo foi elaborada uma proposta de intervenção individual e comunitária no âmbito da higiene do sono. A proposta resulta da evidência científica, dos resultados da presente investigação e de reuniões com profissionais da saúde e da educação. Resultados: No total da amostra, a prevalência de insónia foi de 8,3% e de sintomas de insónia foi de 21,4%. A prevalência de insónia foi superior no sexo feminino (10,1% vs. 5,9%; p<0,001) assim como a prevalência de sintomas de insónia (25,6% vs. 15,8%; p<0,001). Individualmente, todos os sintomas foram mais prevalentes no sexo feminino, sendo a diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,001). Em média os adolescentes dormiam, durante a semana, 8:04±1:13 horas. A prevalência de sono insuficiente (< 8 horas) foi de 29%. Apenas 6,4% dos adolescentes indicaram que se deitavam todas as noites à mesma hora. A prevalência de sintomatologia depressiva foi de 20,9% (26,0% nas raparigas e 15,1% nos rapazes, p<0,001). A prevalência de sonolência diurna foi de 33,1%, apresentando o sexo feminino um risco superior (OR=1,40; IC95%: 1,27-1,55). A prevalência de sintomatologia depressiva e de sonolência diurna foi superior entre os adolescentes com sintomas de insónia (48,2% vs. 18,8%, p<0,001 e 42,4% vs. 33,0%, p<0,001, respetivamente). Os adolescentes com sintomas de insónia apresentavam igualmente pior qualidade de vida. Em relação a outras repercussões no dia-a-dia, foram os adolescentes com sintomas de insónia que referiam mais vezes sentir dificuldade em levantar-se de manhã, acordar com cefaleias, acordar cansado e recorrer a medicação para dormir. Nos rapazes os sintomas de insónia associaram-se com o IMC. Após o ajustamento para o sexo e idade com recurso à regressão logística verificou-se uma associação entre sintomas de insónia e sexo feminino [OR ajustado(idade)= 1,82; IC95%: 1,56-2,13], idade ≥16 anos [OR ajustado(sexo)= 1,17; IC95%: 1,01-1,35], residência urbana (OR ajustado= 1,30; IC95%: 1,04-1,63), consumo de café (OR ajustado= 1,40; IC95%: 1,20-1,63), consumo de bebidas alcoólicas (OR ajustado= 1,21; IC95%: 1,03-1,41) e sintomatologia depressiva (OR ajustado= 3,59; IC95%: 3,04-4,24). Quanto à escolaridade dos pais, verificou-se uma redução do risco com o aumento da escolaridade dos pais (5º-6º ano OR ajustado= 0,82; IC95%: 0,64- 1,05; 7º-12º ano OR ajustado= 0,77; IC95%: 0,61-0,97; >12º ano OR ajustado= 0,64; IC95%: 0,47-0,87). Após uma análise multivariada, o modelo preditivo para a ocorrência de sintomas de insónia incluiu as variáveis sexo feminino, viver em meio urbano, consumir café e apresentar sintomatologia depressiva. Este modelo apresenta uma especificidade de 84,2% e uma sensibilidade de 63,6%. O sono insuficiente associou-se, após ajuste para o sexo e idade, com o ano de escolaridade, estado civil dos pais, determinados estilos de vida (consumo de café, tabagismo, consumo de álcool, consumo de outras drogas, sair à noite, presença de TV no quarto e número de horas despendido a ver televisão e no computador), latência do sono, sesta > 30 minutos, horários de sono irregulares e com a toma de medicamentos para dormir. Os resultados deste estudo constituem um diagnóstico de situação relativamente aos problemas de sono em adolescentes no distrito de Viseu. Tendo por base os princípios da Carta de Ottawa relativamente à promoção da saúde, a proposta elaborada visa a implementação de estratégias de prevenção agrupadas em intervenções individuais, comunitárias e sobre os planos curriculares. As intervenções baseiam-se na utilização das tecnologias da informação e comunicação, no contexto da nova arquitetura na esfera pública da saúde conducente aos sistemas personalizados de informação em saúde (SPIS). Conclusões: Registou-se uma elevada prevalência de insónia e sintomas de insónia entre os adolescentes do distrito de Viseu, superior no sexo feminino. A presença de sintomas de insónia esteve associada, sobretudo, a determinados estilos de vida e à ausência de higiene do sono. Os problemas de sono em adolescentes, devido à sua frequência e repercussões, devem constituir uma preocupação em termos de saúde pública e constituir uma prioridade nas estratégias de educação para a saúde. Os 9 princípios da intervenção delineada visam uma abordagem preventiva de problemas de sono - através da ação conjunta de profissionais da saúde e da educação, de elementos da comunidade e com o indispensável envolvimento dos adolescentes e da família -, procurando instituir os hábitos de sono saudáveis como um estilo de vida.

Health-related quality of life in patients with Chagas disease

INTRODUCTION: Chagas disease (ChD) is a chronic illness related to significant morbidity and mortality that can affect the quality of life (QoL) of infected patients. However, there are few studies regarding QoL in ChD. The objectives of this study are to construct a health-related QoL (HRQoL) profile of ChD patients and compare this with a non-ChD (NChD) group to identify factors associated with the worst HRQoL scores in ChD patients. METHODS: HRQoL was investigated in 125 patients with ChD and 21 NChD individuals using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form (SF-36) and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLWHFQ). Patients were submitted to a standard protocol that included clinical examination, ECG, Holter monitoring, Doppler echocardiogram and autonomic function tests. RESULTS: HRQoL scores were significantly worse among the ChD group compared to the NChD group in the SF-36 domains of physical functioning and role-emotional and in the MLWHFQ scale. For the ChD group, univariate analysis showed that HRQoL score quartiles were associated with level of education, sex, marital status, use of medication, functional classification and cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms. In the multivariate analysis, female sex, fewer years of education, single status, worst functional classification, presence of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms, associated illnesses, Doppler echocardiographic abnormalities and ventricular arrhythmia detected during Holter monitoring were predictors of lower HRQoL scores. CONCLUSIONS: ChD patients showed worse HRQoL scores compared to NChD. For the ChD group, sociodemographic and clinical variables were associated with worst scores.

Estudo descritivo e exploratório sobre o consumo de pornografia online numa amostra feminina portuguesa

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário

Ideação suicida nos estudantes universitários

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário

Study of the risk factors related to acquisition of urinary tract infections in patients submitted to renal transplant

INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infections (UTI) among transplant recipients are usually caused by gram-negative microorganisms and can provoke a high incidence of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with the acquisition of UTIs during the first year after renal transplantation. METHODS: Here, we report a single-center retrospective cohort study of 99 renal transplant patients followed for the first year after surgery. The definition of a UTI episode was a urine culture showing bacterial growth and leucocyturia when patients presented with urinary symptoms. The absence of infection (asymptomatic bacteriuria) was defined as an absence of symptoms with negative urine culture or bacterial growth with any number of colonies. RESULTS: Ninety-nine patients were included in the study. During the study, 1,847 urine cultures were collected, and 320 (17.3%) tested positive for bacterial growth. Twenty-six (26.2%) patients developed a UTI. The most frequent microorganisms isolated from patients with UTIs were Klebsiella pneumoniae (36%), with 33% of the strains resistant to carbapenems, followed by Escherichia coli (20%). There were no deaths or graft losses associated with UTI episodes. CONCLUSIONS: Among the UTI risk factors studied, the only one that was associated with a higher incidence of infection was female sex. Moreover, the identification of drug-resistant strains is worrisome, as these infections have become widespread globally and represent a challenge in the control and management of infections, especially in solid organ transplantation.

Reproductive biology of Macrobrachium surinamicum (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) in the Amazon River mouth

Macrobrachium surinamicum is an indigenous prawn distributed from the lower Amazon and Tocantins river basins to Venezuela in the Orinoco Delta region. It is common bycatch fauna of Macrobrachium amazonicum artisan fishing in the states of Pará and Amapá. The aim of this study was to investigate aspects on reproductive biology (reproductive period, size of sexual maturity population, fecundity, reproductive output and recruitment) of M. surinamicum from four important areas to artisanal prawn fishing located at the Amazon River mouth (Amapá and Pará). The specimens were captured using 20 handcrafted traps called "matapi". A number of 675 prawns were captured, 258 males, 409 females and eight juveniles, resulting in 1:1.6 (Male: Female) sex ratio. The reproductive peak period occurred from March to July, coinciding with the higher rainfall period. The juvenile prawn occurred only in May and July. Total length of egg-bearing females ranged from 12.12 to 38.30 mm, with mean female length at first maturity (L50) of 23.7 mm. Fecundity increased with prawn size and varied between 174 and 1780 eggs per female. Mean egg volume increased gradually from 0.031 (Stage I) to 0.060 mm³ (Stage III) during embryogenesis. Macrobrachium surinamicum depends on brackish water to complete the larval development. Irrespective of female size, reproductive output of M. surinamicum varied between 4.3 % and 35.5 % of their body weight for egg production. The knowledge of the reproductive biology reported in the present study is an important tool to define strategies to preserve M. surinamicum in Amazon River mouth.

Comportamentos de risco na juventude: Uma perspetiva de género e interseccional

Tese de Doutoramento em Psicologia - Especialidade em Psicologia Social