Amino ozonides exhibit in vitro activity against Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes.

Artemisinin is an antimalarial sesquiterpene lactone that contains a 1,2,4-trioxane heterocycle. Dihydroartemisinin and artesunate demonstrated activity against Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes in vitro but were not effective in a mouse model. In this study, the in vitro effects of a small library of synthetic ozonides (1,2,4-trioxolanes) were investigated. Initial compound screening against E. multilocularis metacestodes was performed at 20μM, and selected ozonides were further assessed in dose-response studies in metacestode cultures and mammalian cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to characterise compound-induced structural alterations. At 20μM, the most potent ozonides (OZ401, OZ455, OZ491 and OZ494) led to death of ca. 60-100% of the parasites. Subsequent dose-response experiments demonstrated that OZ401, OZ455 and OZ491, which contain an aminopropylether substructure, were the most potent, with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging from 11μM to 14μM. Cytotoxicity for these three ozonides, assessed in human foreskin fibroblasts, rat hepatoma cells and green monkey epithelial kidney (Vero) cells, was evident only at high concentrations. TEM demonstrated that OZ401 and OZ491 treatment induced considerable metabolic impairment in metacestodes at 1 day post exposure. At Day 3 post exposure, the germinal layer was severely distorted, although some intact cells were still visible, demonstrating that not all cell types in the parasite tissue were equally affected. Complete destruction of the germinal layer was noted at 5 days post exposure. Synthetic ozonides could represent interesting leads that will be further investigated in a suitable in vivo model of E. multilocularis infection.

Interleukin-6-deficient mice are highly susceptible to Giardia lamblia infection but exhibit normal intestinal immunoglobulin A responses against the parasite.

In the present study, interleukin-6 (IL-6)-deficient mice were infected with Giardia lamblia clone GS/M-83-H7. Murine IL-6 deficiency did not affect the synthesis of parasite-specific intestinal immunoglobulin A. However, in contrast to wild-type mice, IL-6-deficient animals were not able to control the acute phase of parasite infection. Reverse transcription-PCR-based quantitation of cytokine mRNA levels in peripheral lymph node cells exhibited a short-term up-regulation of IL-4 expression in IL-6-deficient mice that seemed to be associated with failure in controlling the parasite population. This observation suggests a further elucidation of IL-4-dependent, Th2-type regulatory processes regarding their potential to influence the course of G. lamblia infection in the experimental murine host.

Pilots' Exhibit no. 1-174.

Reproduced from typewritten copy.

Centennial exposition: Education and science; catalogue of the exhibit in this department from the State of Illinois.

Mode of access: Internet.

Kennel secrets. : How to breed, exhibit, and mannage dogs. /

Disbound Original Held in Oak Street Library Facility.

A manual for the student of anatomy ; containing rules for displaying the structure of the body, so as to exhibit the elementary views of anatomy, and their application to pathology and surgery.

Original edition, London, 1821.

Descriptive catalogue of the exhibit of the Wellcome Chemical Research Laboratories at the International Exposition, St. Louis, 1904 : exhibit no. 15. British Chemical Section. Liberal Arts Building.

Key plan to exhibit on inside of front cover.

Education and research in agriculture and home economics in the United States, Supplementing exhibit of the States Relations Service, United States Department of Agriculture at the Brazil centennial exposition, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1922-1923.

Report prepared for the Commission of the United States of America to the Brazil centennial exposition.

Indiana, the sesquicentennial of the establishment of the Territorial Government; an exhibit in the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., November 30, 1950, to April 30, 1951.

Includes index.

A Catalogue of publications by Missouri authors and periodicals of Missouri of 1903 in World's Fair exhibit in Missouri building /

List made by State Historical Society and Missouri Commission.

Ohio archaeological exhibit at the Jamestown Exposition (1907)

W.C. Mills, curator and librarian.

The Incas and their predecessors; art style and civilization in ancient Peru [exhibit from May 13, 1961.

Mode of access: Internet.

Three books of Offices ; or, Moral duties : also his Cato Major, an essay on old age; Laelius, an essay on friendship; Paradoxes; Scipio's dream; and letter to Quintus on the duties of a magistrate. Literally translated, with notes, designed to exhibit a comparative view of the opinions of Cicero, and those of modern moralists and ethical philosophers /

Mode of access: Internet.

Chicago charities directory; a descriptive exhibit of the philanthropic, social and religious resources of the city of Chicago.

Mode of access: Internet.