Annual report of the Board of Education of the City of Newark : made under the provisions of the act, entitled "an act to revise and amend the charter of the city of Newark," approved March 11, 1857, including the manual of the Board of Education, the regulations relating to the public schools, the manual of instruction, and tabular statements of statistics and expenditures for the year ... /

Includes: Course of instruction, statistics, rules of the Board of Education, and regulations.

A complete course of instruction for the piano forte, with the assistance of hand guides: containing the principles of music, a complete system of fingering, with rules on expression and musical punctuation, and a classification of authors, proper to be studied, followed by a study for three fingers, a toccata, a fugue of four parts for the left hand alone, and several studies in thirds, sixths, and octaves.

Principally exercises.

The honey bee: a manual of instruction in apiculture.

"Books and journals relating to apiculture": p. 118.

A system of instruction in qualitative chemical analysis,

Mode of access: Internet.

The effect of instruction on the study behaviors and academic achievement of community college students

The purpose of this study was twofold. It was designed to determine (a) the efficacy of an intervention designed to increase the frequencies of appropriate study behaviors on the part of community college students who were preparing for academic mathematics activities and (b) whether any increase in appropriate study behavior frequency was accompanied by increased academic achievement in college preparatory mathematics classes. A total of 126 Miami Dade College students participated in this study. Two developmental (remedial) mathematics classes were randomly assigned as the experimental group, and two others were assigned as the control group. All students also took a College Survival (SLS) class. The Study Behavior Inventory (SBI) and the Computerized Placement Test (CPT) were administered to the four classes. The SBI was used as a pre- and post-test. The SLS curriculum and classroom time were the same for both groups. However, students in the treatment groups received instruction designed to increase the frequency of effective study behaviors associated with the three factors identified in the SBI, while the students in the control group participated in activities that did not emphasize study behaviors. A series of analysis of covariance procedures were used to analyze four hypotheses. The first three hypotheses proposed that students who were instructed in the use of appropriate study behaviors would score higher on the three factors of the Study Behavior Inventory than those who were not. The fourth hypothesis proposed that a greater proportion of mathematics students who were instructed in the use of appropriate study behaviors would receive a passing grade in their course than students who were in the control group. The four hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of significance. This study revealed that students who received instruction in appropriate study behaviors scored higher in the use of appropriate study behaviors and in mathematics achievement than students who did not. Additional research is needed to investigate whether these effects would persist over time, or be found in subjects other than mathematics.

Effects of instruction on first, second and third grade children's ability to decenter when assessed on discrimination between contrasting musical characteristics

This experimental study sought to determine the effect of instruction on the abilities of first through third grade children to single and double discriminate contrasting musical characteristics. Six samples were used. The experimental variable consisted of four sessions designed to teach children to distinguish between fast/slow and smooth/choppy musical excerpts. Subjects were tested on their single/double discrimination abilities following the treatment sessions. Results show that first and second grade experimental groups scored significantly higher on single discrimination items than their control groups. On the double discrimination accuracy section the experimental second, third and control first graders were significantly higher than their counter-groups. These findings demonstrated that the four treatment sessions have a profound effect on first and second grade children's abilities to make single discriminations. They also show that success in making double discriminations may depend more on the individual subjects. Further investigation would be beneficial.

English as a Lingua Franca in Namibia: : Teachers’ Attitudes Towards English as a Medium of Instruction in Classrooms

This study aims to investigate Namibian teachers’ attitudes towards English as a medium of instruction in Namibian classrooms. Regardless of the fact that English has no historical ties with Namibia, English still operates as the official language and the language of instruction in schools. This study briefly discusses the probable reasons for choosing English as an official language in Namibia, and as the medium of instruction in educational institutions. Furthermore, it discusses the attitudes that Namibian teachers have towards English as a medium of instruction in Namibian classrooms. A pilot electronic questionnaire, a revised questionnaire, and telephone interviews were used to acquire data for the study. The results indicate that English is a challenge for many learners and this poses a challenge to teachers as well. However, a majority of teachers from this study portray English as the language that is capable of uniting Namibian learners from different backgrounds, and a language that makes education possible in Namibia. In addition, teachers also reported that knowledge of English opens up educational opportunities for learners to study abroad.

Lectura y escritura en alumnos del último año del ex nivel polimodal : Estrategias de intervención

En este trabajo se examina el desempeño en lectura y escritura de alumnos del último año del ex nivel polimodal, pertenecientes a un establecimiento educativo de la Provincia de Buenos Aires y sus relaciones con el nivel de vocabulario y el rendimiento escolar. Su propósito final fue identificar las fortalezas y debilidades en tales dominios para implementar estrategias de intervención adecuadas. A partir de un diseño transeccional en panel, se evaluó el desempeño de 20 alumnos de dicho nivel, a partir de instrumentos de evaluación específicos que posibilitan la caracterización del rendimiento en lectura, escritura y vocabulario. Como indicadores del rendimiento escolar se consideraron la nota promedio total y las notas en diferentes asignaturas. Los resultados obtenidos fueron analizados con estadísticos descriptivos e inferenciales, complementados con el análisis cualitativo de algunas de las producciones. En líneas generales se han observado dificultades en lectura y escritura, en un porcentaje significativo de alumnos, en la medida que no se corresponden con los niveles esperados en el tramo del trayecto formativo considerado. Asimismo aparece una variabilidad intergrupal de importancia. El promedio en la materia ?Lengua? resulta correlacionado significativamente con los puntajes correspondientes a vocabulario, escritura de un cuento narrativo y el promedio general de notas escolares. En cuanto al desempeño en las variables examinadas y las notas promedio en otras asignaturas, sólo se obtuvieron correlaciones moderadas, circunstancia que merece una elucidación de mayores alcances. A partir de los hallazgos del presente estudio se presentan algunas estrategias de intervención destinadas no solo a los alumnos examinados sino a ser tenidas en cuenta en diferentes niveles escolares, para coadyuvar a los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje

Lectura y escritura en alumnos del último año del ex nivel polimodal : Estrategias de intervención

En este trabajo se examina el desempeño en lectura y escritura de alumnos del último año del ex nivel polimodal, pertenecientes a un establecimiento educativo de la Provincia de Buenos Aires y sus relaciones con el nivel de vocabulario y el rendimiento escolar. Su propósito final fue identificar las fortalezas y debilidades en tales dominios para implementar estrategias de intervención adecuadas. A partir de un diseño transeccional en panel, se evaluó el desempeño de 20 alumnos de dicho nivel, a partir de instrumentos de evaluación específicos que posibilitan la caracterización del rendimiento en lectura, escritura y vocabulario. Como indicadores del rendimiento escolar se consideraron la nota promedio total y las notas en diferentes asignaturas. Los resultados obtenidos fueron analizados con estadísticos descriptivos e inferenciales, complementados con el análisis cualitativo de algunas de las producciones. En líneas generales se han observado dificultades en lectura y escritura, en un porcentaje significativo de alumnos, en la medida que no se corresponden con los niveles esperados en el tramo del trayecto formativo considerado. Asimismo aparece una variabilidad intergrupal de importancia. El promedio en la materia ?Lengua? resulta correlacionado significativamente con los puntajes correspondientes a vocabulario, escritura de un cuento narrativo y el promedio general de notas escolares. En cuanto al desempeño en las variables examinadas y las notas promedio en otras asignaturas, sólo se obtuvieron correlaciones moderadas, circunstancia que merece una elucidación de mayores alcances. A partir de los hallazgos del presente estudio se presentan algunas estrategias de intervención destinadas no solo a los alumnos examinados sino a ser tenidas en cuenta en diferentes niveles escolares, para coadyuvar a los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje

Lectura y escritura en alumnos del último año del ex nivel polimodal : Estrategias de intervención

En este trabajo se examina el desempeño en lectura y escritura de alumnos del último año del ex nivel polimodal, pertenecientes a un establecimiento educativo de la Provincia de Buenos Aires y sus relaciones con el nivel de vocabulario y el rendimiento escolar. Su propósito final fue identificar las fortalezas y debilidades en tales dominios para implementar estrategias de intervención adecuadas. A partir de un diseño transeccional en panel, se evaluó el desempeño de 20 alumnos de dicho nivel, a partir de instrumentos de evaluación específicos que posibilitan la caracterización del rendimiento en lectura, escritura y vocabulario. Como indicadores del rendimiento escolar se consideraron la nota promedio total y las notas en diferentes asignaturas. Los resultados obtenidos fueron analizados con estadísticos descriptivos e inferenciales, complementados con el análisis cualitativo de algunas de las producciones. En líneas generales se han observado dificultades en lectura y escritura, en un porcentaje significativo de alumnos, en la medida que no se corresponden con los niveles esperados en el tramo del trayecto formativo considerado. Asimismo aparece una variabilidad intergrupal de importancia. El promedio en la materia ?Lengua? resulta correlacionado significativamente con los puntajes correspondientes a vocabulario, escritura de un cuento narrativo y el promedio general de notas escolares. En cuanto al desempeño en las variables examinadas y las notas promedio en otras asignaturas, sólo se obtuvieron correlaciones moderadas, circunstancia que merece una elucidación de mayores alcances. A partir de los hallazgos del presente estudio se presentan algunas estrategias de intervención destinadas no solo a los alumnos examinados sino a ser tenidas en cuenta en diferentes niveles escolares, para coadyuvar a los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje

Orals ain’t orals : the role of prepared oral presentations in the classroom and beyond. How do instruction and feedback practices guide delivery choices?

Despite an ostensibly technology-driven society, the ability to communicate orally continues to feature as an essential ability for students at school and university, as it is for graduates in the workplace. Pedagogically, one rationale is that the need to develop effective oral communication skills is tied to life-long learning which includes successful participation in future work-related tasks. One tangible way that educators have assessed proficiency in the area of communication is through prepared oral presentations. While much of the literature uses the terms 'oral communication' and 'oral presentation' interchangeably, some writers question the role more formal presentations play in the overall development of oral communication skills. However, such formal speaking tasks continue to be a recognised assessment practice in both the secondary school and academy, and, therefore, worthy of further investigation. Adding to the discussion, this thesis explores the knowledge and skills students bring into the academy from previous educational experiences. It examines some of the teaching and assessment methods used in secondary schools to develop oral communication skills through the use of formal oral presentations. Specifically, it investigates criterion-referenced assessment sheets and how these tools are used as a form of instruction, as well as their role and effectiveness in the evaluation of student ability. The focus is on the student's perspective and includes 12 semi-structured interviews with school students. The purpose of this thesis is to explore key thematics underpinning oral communication and to identify tensions between expectations and practice. While acknowledging the breadth and depth of material available under the heading of 'communication theory', this study specifically draws on an expanded view of the rhetorical tradition to fully interrogate the assumptions supporting the practice of assessing oral presentations. Finally, this thesis recommends reconnecting with an updated understanding of rhetoric as a way of assisting in the development of expressive, articulate and discerning communicators.

The Effect of Direct Instruction versus Discovery Learning on the Understanding of Science Lessons by Second Grade Students

This study examined the effectiveness of discovery learning and direct instruction in a diverse second grade classroom. An assessment test and transfer task were given to students to examine which method of instruction enabled the students to grasp the content of a science lesson to a greater extent. Results demonstrated that students in the direct instruction group scored higher on the assessment test and completed the transfer task at a faster pace; however, this was not statistically significant. Results also suggest that a mixture of instructional styles would serve to effectively disseminate information, as well as motivate students to learn.

Instruction to support mental computation development in young children of diverse ability

Fostering young children's mental computation capacity is essential to support their numeracy development. Debate continues as to whether young children should be explicitly taught strategies for mental computation, or be afforded the freedom to develop their own. This paper reports on teaching experiments with two groups of students in their first year of schooling: those considered 'at-risk', and those deemed mathematically advanced. Both groups made considerable learning gains as a result of instruction. Importantly, the gains of the at-risk group are likely to renew both their own, and their teacher's confidence in their ability to learn. In this paper, the instructional programs are documented, highlighting the influence of instruction upon the children's development.

The effect of multimedia instruction on achievement of college history students

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of multimedia instruction on achievement of college students in AMR 2010 from exploration and discovery to 1865. A non-equivalent control group design was used. The dependent variable was achievement. The independent variables were learning styles, method of instruction, and visual clarifiers (notes). The study was conducted using two history sections from Palm Beach Community College, in Boca Raton, Florida, between August and December, 1998. Data were obtained by means of placement scores, posttests, the Productivity Environmental Preference Survey (PEPS), and a researcher-developed student survey. Statistical analysis of the data was done using SPSS statistical software. Demographic variables were compared using Chi square. T tests were run on the posttests to determine the equality of variances. The posttest scores of the groups were compared using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) at the .05 level of significance. The first hypothesis there is a significant difference in students' learning of U.S. History when students receive multimedia instruction was supported, F (1, 52) = 16.88, p < .0005, and F = (1, 53) = 8.52, p < .005 for Tests 2 and 3, respectively. The second hypothesis there is a significant difference on the effectiveness of multimedia instruction based on students' various learning preferences was not supported. The last hypotheses there is a significant difference on students' learning of U.S. History when students whose first language is other than English and students who need remediation receive visual clarifiers were not supported. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated no difference between the groups on Test 1, Test 2, or Test 3: F (1, 45) = .01, p < .940, F (1, 52) = .77, p < .385, and F (1, 53) =.17, p < .678, respectively, for language. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated no significant difference on Test 1, Test 2, or Test 3, between the groups on the variable remediation: F (1, 45) = .31, p < .580, F (1, 52) = 1.44, p < .236, and F (1, 53) = .21, p < .645, respectively. ^

An investigation of mathematics and science instruction in English and Spanish for English language learners

The contextual demands of language in content area are difficult for ELLS. Content in the native language furthers students' academic development and native language skills, while they are learning English. Content in English integrates pedagogical strategies for English acquisition with subject area instruction. The following models of curriculum content are provided in most Miami Dade County Public Schools: (a) mathematics instruction in the native language with science instruction in English or (b) science instruction in the native language with mathematics instruction in English. The purpose of this study was to investigate which model of instruction is more contextually supportive for mathematics and science achievement. ^ A pretest and posttest, nonequivalent group design was used with 94 fifth grade ELLs who received instruction in curriculum model (a) or (b). This allowed for statistical analysis that detected a difference in the means of .5 standard deviations with a power of .80 at the .05 level of significance. Pretreatment and post-treatment assessments of mathematics, reading, and science achievement were obtained through the administration of Aprenda-Segunda Edición and the Florida Comprehensive Achievement Test. ^ The results indicated that students receiving mathematics in English and Science in Spanish scored higher on achievement tests in both Mathematics and Science than the students who received Mathematics in Spanish and Science in English. In addition, the mean score of students on the FCAT mathematics examination was higher than their mean score on the FCAT science examination regardless of the language of instruction. ^