Análise dos conteúdos termodinâmicos em livros de Química e Física do ensino médio

PNLEM came out in 2004 and modified the view about schoolbook in Brazil. New perspectives pointed towards constitution of a more critical citizen as of an interdisciplinary and more contextualized teaching, made schoolbook understand these changes.But not always these alterations are checked up on by all means,because what we notice are adaptation of works have already known on market, where texts that are placed reveal environmental, socioeconomic, historical facts or daily phenomenon, or then scientific relevancy examples.We thus offer to analyse contents of chemical thermodynamics and physics for high school which are shown on schoolbook of chemistry and physics validated by PNLEM 2012, now called PNLD, studying the facts if these works bring these scientific sociocultural standpoint as well as their historical context,considering as analysis categories the following criteria: presentation of introduction, content contextualizing,presentation of concepts, thermodynamics historical context, representation in microscopic level and proposal of experiments.Eleven books were analysed,being five of chemistry and six of physics.So was applied a questionnaire with physics and chemistry teachers of high school to have an impression of their opinion about their teaching strategies and about schoolbook.This work grounded in orientations of legal documents about high school in Brazil (LDB,PCN,PCN+,OCEM) and in research on science teaching that regards specifically schoolbook and physics and chemical thermodynamics teaching.Were eleven books in number, only four denoted much coherence with new perspectives for high school, being two of chemistry and two of physics,whose concern about contextualizing and with a much integrated view of science to student s reality,indicating much social and critical character.The rest, when don t overlook,regard cultural and historical,socioeconomic contexts in isolated manner from presented concepts,aside from content

A energia e suas implicações no ensino-aprendizagem da química

The area of Education in Chemistry in Brazil has appeared over 30 years and its growth has been accelerated by the need of comprehension of the processes of teaching and learning in chemistry. Many researches, in this area, has among its investigation objects the teaching tools like teaching materials and the learning processes of students in high school and basic education, but when dealing with higher levels of education, they are seldom portrayed. This study aimed to investigate the General Chemistry textbooks with respect to approach the concept of energy; know the main ideas of graduate students in Chemistry on the relation of the concept of energy and chemical transformations; finally, developing a cicle of studies with the proposition of an approach wich inter-relate the concept of energy and its implications in the teaching-learning process of a chemical transformation. To do so, we used as instruments a questionnaire, press conference, conceptual map and experimental activities. All activities of the study cicle were videotaped and recorded, transcribed and the results organized in tables. For the activities of the study cicle texts that have been developed and inter-relating concepts of chemistry and energy, which in turn gave theoretical support to the activities in the cycle. In the analysis it was used as a theoretical content the analysis of Laurence Bardin. The results revealed that the analysis of the book might be perceived that not always the concept of energy is used in order to generate the abstract thought of chemical transformations, but that the main macroscopic thermodynamic variables are present in the explanation of these transformations. During the study cicle, were studied two chemical reactions: the first one, made possible to approach the macroscopic dimension to quantify the concept of energy and the second one, made possible to demonstrate the macro and microscopic dimension of the concept of energy during a chemical transformation. In all reactions proposed, students used, in most of the times, as explanations, only macroscopic observations of the reactions under study and failed to realize that the concept of energy can be used to explain macro and microscopic chemical transformation. As a final action of the study cicle, students requested further discussion, to clarify the link between the concept of energy and the meanings constructed in the process of studying the reactions. This is done through an oral explanation, during the cycle, and registered in this thesis and attempts to show the interrelationship existing conceptual

Aspectos conceituais e espistemológicos do tema eletroquímica nos livros didáticos de química aprovados pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático para o ensino médio - PNLEM (2007)

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

A intermediação da noção de probabilidade na construção de conceitos relacionados à cinética química no ensino médio

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A história da ciência nas obras de química do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático para o Ensino Médio: uma análise através do conceito de substância

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O ensino universitário de Química em descompasso: dificuldades de futuros professores na construção do pensamento químico

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Um olhar sobre as concepções de ciência e ensino de ciências de alunos-concluintes de química

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de investigar as concepções de Ciência e de Ensino de Ciências de alunos concluintes de Licenciatura Plena em Ciências com habilitação em Química, turma de concluintes do segundo semestre de 2004 na UFPA, contando com uma total de 12 sujeitos de pesquisa. Para a identificação das concepções de Ciência e de Ensino de Ciências, foi elaborado um questionário, previamente testado com 15 alunos concluintes do Curso de Licenciatura Plena em Biologia, objetivando a validação do instrumento de investigação e posterior reformulação. A versão final do questionário apresentou doze questões, cujas respostas possibilitaram a construção de quadros contendo as respostas dos sujeitos da pesquisa. A categorização das respostas foi feita a partir de uma aproximação ao pensamento epistemológico de Bacon, Comte e Popper. Esses autores e outros permitiram analisar as respostas dos sujeitos, e identificar concepções de ciência empírica-indutivista, positivista e racionalista crítica que revelaram as tendências de Ciência Experimental-indutiva, Ciência Tecnológica e Ciência processual e tendências de Ensino de Ciências como Transmissão-recepção, Conjunto de Atividades Manipuláveis e Ensino como construção.

Visões e virtudes pedagógicas do ensino experimental da química: o que dizem professores de química que utilizam a experimentação em suas práticas pedagógicas?

Nessa pesquisa investigo concepções, sobre uso pedagógico da experimentação incorporadas por professores de Química que realizam rotineiramente essas modalidades de aulas com seus alunos: Que desafios enfrentam nas suas realizações? Que contribuições consideram que podem fornecer ao ensino aprendizagem da Química? O material empírico produzido teve como fonte entrevistas coletivas concedidas por dois grupos de professores de Química, um que atuava no Ensino Médio e outro no Ensino Superior em um curso de Licenciatura em Química. Tal material foi organizado e analisado tomando como base princípios metodológicos da análise de conteúdo e da pesquisa narrativa e (auto)biográfica. A análise partiu de aspectos convergentes entre os discursos dos dois grupos de professores. O conjunto das análises indicia que as concepções sobre experimentação assumidas pelos sujeitos-professores pouco ou nada se diferenciam daquelas encontradas em pesquisas que investigaram professores que não utilizam aulas práticas. Nesse sentido, prevaleceu o entendimento do uso pedagógico da experimentação como estratégia de ensino aliada à teoria de forma complementar a esta, cuja principal função recaiu no suposto caráter motivacional do ensino experimental. Mantendo um discurso já corriqueiro, os professores reiteram as contingências infra-estruturais e organizacionais como fatores limitantes ao uso pedagógico da experimentação no ensino de ciências. Esse parece ser um discurso já estruturado que atravessa a área e que se presentifica na fala dos sujeitos, mesmo que tais condições (ou a falta delas) não sejam vivenciadas por eles em seus ambientes de trabalho. Ao falarem sobre este tipo de desafio esses professores falam de algo que não lhes pertence enquanto desafio pessoal, mas que está presente em uma forma usual de se lidar discursivamente com o ensino experimental. Um aspecto que merece destaque, por não ser frequente, dentre os resultados obtidos na pesquisa está o fato dos sujeitos atribuírem à formação docente a qualidade de desafio a ser vencido para a efetivação do ensino experimental na escola, ainda que a compreensão de formação manifestada esteja limitada à dimensão técnica.

A aplicação de tópicos de História da Química no processo de ensino e aprendizagem: dificuldades dos alunos

This research project aims to determine the main way that the inclusion of topics of history and philosophy of science education activities aimed at high school, influence the process of teaching and learning of chemistry. The subject of research will be a teacher, undergraduate student in chemistry and public school students that the teaching units developed will be applied. The literature presents a large of research indicating the need to include these topics in education and present the results of large withdrawals of original sources of the development of scientific knowledge. Despite of the large number of these works are not very common reports of application of the results of these studies on activities of the classroom, which reinforces the importance of this study

Metodologia de ensino jigsaw em disciplina de química medicinal

In this paper, we describe an educational experience involving the use of the jigsaw method on the Medicinal Chemistry course at the University of São Paulo, Brazil. The goal of this proposal was to investigate acceptance and contributions of the method to undergraduate chemistry teaching. Feedback on the jigsaw method collected from the focus groups and questionnaires showed that participants generally acknowledged the advantages of the jigsaw method in helping them learn the Medicinal Chemistry subject. Suggestions for improving the jigsaw method were also received from participants.

Jogo digital e analogias: uma proposta para o ensino de Cinética Química

Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC

O tratamento probabilístico da teoria cinética de colisões em livros de química brasileiros para o ensino médio

This paper presents and discusses an analysis of the approaches and the didactic treatment of the kinetic model of collision between particles in chemical reaction (collision theory model) presented by brazilian chemistry textbooks for the medium level. Our starting point at this search was the correct and scientific model for this theory which is based on random events, but most of all the books investigated does not consider this fact like an important and very precious didactic aspect. We utilized in the investigation the writing discoursive analysis technique.

Determinação do teor alcoólico de vodcas: uma abordagem multidisciplinar no ensino da física, química e matemática

In this paper, it is proposed an experimental activity to be developed with high school students, addressing the concepts of density and surface tension from a multidisciplinary approach among Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. In this proposal, students are challenged to determine the alcohol content of vodkas from intensive physical properties of liquids. Two calibration curves were obtained, one for density and another for surface tension as a function of ethanol concentration in water. The alcohol levels obtained from these properties were very close to the values given by manufacturers, due the similarity of these beverages with ethanol-water binary mixtures.

Investigando a presença da história da ciência em livros didáticos de Química Geral para o ensino superior

This paper aims at analyzing the history of science content of three general chemistry textbooks used in Brazilian universities: the translations of Kotz and Treichel's Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Atkins and Jones's Chemical Principles, and Garritz and Chamizo's Química. Results revealed different trends for the inclusion of history of science in chemistry teaching. Kotz & Treichel and Atkins & Jones used history mainly as curiosity and ornament. Garritz & Chamizo adopted the historical approach as one of the organizing axis of their textbook. Nevertheless, the historical content of the three textbooks may be criticized from current historiographical standpoint.