Aus Norwegen

Einar Knutsson

E. Quesada y R. Menéndez Pidal : Convergencias y divergencias en torno a los discursos Lengua-Nación

Es objetivo de la presente ponencia poner en relieve tanto la avenencias y similitudes, así como las divergencias y contradicciones en los ejes discursivos en torno a la relación Lengua-Nación expresados por Ernesto Quesada en sus textos El criollismo en la literatura argentina y El problema del idioma nacional y por R. Menéndez Pidal en Castilla, la tradición y el idioma y La unidad del idioma a la luz de los postulados expresados por E. Haugen en su artículo de 1966, procurando describir los contextos donde éstos ocurren, así como también las teleologías que los mismos encarnan. Asimismo, se planteará tangencialmente, y si el tiempo lo permite, una lectura crítica de las posturas expresadas por E. Quesada, crítica que deriva en un análisis clave de las posturas idiomáticas de la denominada corriente Nacional y Popular y el Revisionismo histórico argentino en tanto su relación con la Lengua puesto su genealogía ligada fuertemente a la producción de E. Quesada y sus discípulos (apble en M. Gálvez y R. y J. Irazusta y et. seq. en J.J. Hernández Arregui y A. Jauretche)

E. Quesada y R. Menéndez Pidal : Convergencias y divergencias en torno a los discursos Lengua-Nación

Es objetivo de la presente ponencia poner en relieve tanto la avenencias y similitudes, así como las divergencias y contradicciones en los ejes discursivos en torno a la relación Lengua-Nación expresados por Ernesto Quesada en sus textos El criollismo en la literatura argentina y El problema del idioma nacional y por R. Menéndez Pidal en Castilla, la tradición y el idioma y La unidad del idioma a la luz de los postulados expresados por E. Haugen en su artículo de 1966, procurando describir los contextos donde éstos ocurren, así como también las teleologías que los mismos encarnan. Asimismo, se planteará tangencialmente, y si el tiempo lo permite, una lectura crítica de las posturas expresadas por E. Quesada, crítica que deriva en un análisis clave de las posturas idiomáticas de la denominada corriente Nacional y Popular y el Revisionismo histórico argentino en tanto su relación con la Lengua puesto su genealogía ligada fuertemente a la producción de E. Quesada y sus discípulos (apble en M. Gálvez y R. y J. Irazusta y et. seq. en J.J. Hernández Arregui y A. Jauretche)

E. Quesada y R. Menéndez Pidal : Convergencias y divergencias en torno a los discursos Lengua-Nación

Es objetivo de la presente ponencia poner en relieve tanto la avenencias y similitudes, así como las divergencias y contradicciones en los ejes discursivos en torno a la relación Lengua-Nación expresados por Ernesto Quesada en sus textos El criollismo en la literatura argentina y El problema del idioma nacional y por R. Menéndez Pidal en Castilla, la tradición y el idioma y La unidad del idioma a la luz de los postulados expresados por E. Haugen en su artículo de 1966, procurando describir los contextos donde éstos ocurren, así como también las teleologías que los mismos encarnan. Asimismo, se planteará tangencialmente, y si el tiempo lo permite, una lectura crítica de las posturas expresadas por E. Quesada, crítica que deriva en un análisis clave de las posturas idiomáticas de la denominada corriente Nacional y Popular y el Revisionismo histórico argentino en tanto su relación con la Lengua puesto su genealogía ligada fuertemente a la producción de E. Quesada y sus discípulos (apble en M. Gálvez y R. y J. Irazusta y et. seq. en J.J. Hernández Arregui y A. Jauretche)

Emergence of a highly pathogenic simian/human immunodeficiency virus in a rhesus macaque treated with anti-CD8 mAb during a primary infection with a nonpathogenic virus

Although simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) strain DH12 replicates to high titers and causes immunodeficiency in pig-tailed macaques, virus loads measured in SHIVDH12-infected rhesus monkeys are consistently 100-fold lower and none of 22 inoculated animals have developed disease. We previously reported that the administration of anti-human CD8 mAb to rhesus macaques at the time of primary SHIVDH12 infection resulted in marked elevations of virus loads. One of the treated animals experienced rapid and profound depletions of circulating CD4+ T lymphocytes. Although the CD4+ T cell number partially recovered, this monkey subsequently suffered significant weight loss and was euthanized. A tissue culture virus stock derived from this animal, designated SHIVDH12R, induced marked and rapid CD4+ cell loss after i.v. inoculation of rhesus monkeys. Retrospective analyses of clinical specimens, collected during the emergence of SHIVDH12R indicated: (i) the input cloned SHIV remained the predominant virus during the first 5–7 months of infection; (ii) variants bearing only a few of the SHIVDH12R consensus changes first appeared 7 months after the administration of anti-CD8 mAb; (iii) high titers of neutralizing antibody directed against the input SHIV were detected by week 10 and persisted throughout the infection; and (iv) no neutralizing antibody against SHIVDH12R ever developed.

The surface coat of procyclic Trypanosoma brucei: Programmed expression and proteolytic cleavage of procyclin in the tsetse fly

Trypanosoma brucei, the protozoan parasite causing sleeping sickness, is transmitted by a tsetse fly vector. When the tsetse takes a blood meal from an infected human, it ingests bloodstream form trypanosomes that quickly differentiate into procyclic forms within the fly's midgut. During this process, the parasite loses the 107 molecules of variant surface glycoprotein that formed its surface coat, and it develops a new coat composed of several million procyclin molecules. Procyclins, the products of a small multigene family, are glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins containing characteristic amino acid repeats at the C terminus [either EP (EP procyclin, a form of procyclin rich in Glu-Pro repeats) or GPEET (GPEET procyclin, a form of procyclin rich in Glu-Pro-Glu-Glu-Thr repeats)]. We have used a sensitive and accurate mass spectrometry method to analyze the appearance of different procyclins during the establishment of midgut infections in tsetse flies. We found that different procyclin gene products are expressed in an orderly manner. Early in the infection (day 3), GPEET2 is the only procyclin detected. By day 7, however, GPEET2 disappears and is replaced by several isoforms of glycosylated EP, but not the unglycosylated isoform EP2. Unexpectedly, we discovered that the N-terminal domains of all procyclins are quantitatively removed by proteolysis in the fly, but not in culture. These findings suggest that one function of the protease-resistant C-terminal domain, containing the amino acid repeats, is to protect the parasite surface from digestive enzymes in the tsetse fly gut.

Myristate exchange on the Trypanosoma brucei variant surface glycoprotein.

The glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor of the Trypanosoma brucei variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) is unique in having exclusively myristate as its fatty acid component. We previously demonstrated that the myristate specificity is the result of two independent pathways. First, the newly synthesized free GPI, which is not myristoylated, undergoes fatty acid remodeling to replace both its fatty acids with myristate. Second, the myristoylated precursor, glycolipid A, undergoes a myristate exchange reaction, detected by the replacement of unlabeled myristate by [3H]myristate. Remodeling and exchange have different enzymatic properties and apparently occur in different subcellular compartments. We now demonstrate that the GPI anchor linked to VSG is the major substrate for myristate exchange. VSG can be efficiently labeled with [3H]myristate by exchange in the presence of cycloheximide, an inhibitor that prevents new VSG synthesis and thus anchor addition to protein. Not only is newly synthesized VSG subject to exchange, but mature VSG, possibly recycling from the cell surface, also undergoes myristate exchange.

Biometry, stable isotopes and stomach contents of A. glacialis and B. saida from Northeast Greenland

Two gadoid fishes, Arctogadus glacialis and Boreogadus saida, often coexist (i.e. sympatric) in the fjords and shelf areas of the Arctic seas, where they likely share the same food resources. Diet composition from stomach contents, i.e. frequency of occurrence (FO) and Schoener's index (SI), and stable isotope signatures (d13C and d15N) in muscle of these sympatric gadoids were examined from two fjords in NE Greenland-Tyrolerfjord (TF, ~74°N, sill present) and Dove Bugt (DB, ~76°N, open). Twenty-three prey taxa and categories were identified and both gadoids ate mostly crustaceans. The SI values of 0.64-0.70 indicated possible resource competition, whereas FO differed significantly. A. glacialis fed mainly on the mysid Mysis oculata and other benthic-associated prey, whereas B. saida ate the copepod Metridia longa and other pelagic prey. Both diet and stable isotopes strongly suggest a spatial segregation in feeding habitat, with A. glacialis being associated with the benthic food web (mean d13C = -20.81 per mil, d15N = 14.92 per mil) and B. saida with the pelagic food web (mean d13C = -21.25 per mil, d15N = 13.64 per mil). The dietary differences and isotopic signals were highly significant in the secluded TF and less clear in the open DB, where prey and predators may be readily advected from adjacent areas with other trophic conditions. This is the first study on the trophic position of A. glacialis inferred from analyses of stable isotopes. The subtle interaction between the Arctic gadoids should be carefully monitored in the light of ocean warming and ongoing invasions of boreal fishes into the Arctic seas.

Studier over de danske søers plankton,

Added t.p. in English: Plankton investigations of the Danish lakes.

The Norwegian language in America; a study in bilingual behavior

Mode of access: Internet.