906 resultados para Ends de espaços


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O objectivo deste projecto é desenvolver um sistema de monitorização florestal recorrendo às Redes de Sensores sem Fios. Para a monitorização florestal foi desenvolvido um protótipo cuja função é obter periodicamente os valores de temperatura, humidade, luminosidade, tensão nas baterias e a indicação do nível de sinal de rádio frequência recebido (RSSI- Received Signal Strength Indicator). O equipamento referido foi instalado num ambiente exterior, com características semelhantes à de interesse de modo a permitir avaliar os efeitos do ambiente no desempenho da rede. O funcionamento das Redes de Sensores sem Fios, baseadas no protocolo ZigBee, foi estudado e depois aplicado para transmitir os valores obtidos. Os dados referidos percorrem a rede ZigBee até alcançar a estação base, que tem como função processar, manipular, armazenar numa base de dados e disponibilizar os dados em tempo real através de uma página de Internet. Como os dados são armazenados é sempre possível efectuar uma consulta à base de dados para realização de estudos e estatísticas. Tendo em conta a capacidade limitada dos sistemas de armazenamento de energia utilizados em ambientes exteriores, foi desenvolvido um algoritmo que permite comutar os dispositivos na rede ZigBee de router para end-device e vice-versa, de modo a diminuir o consumo de energia e aumentar o tempo de vida da rede. Este algoritmo foi testado numa situação em que os nós sensores estão colocados em linha, existindo um único salto entre os mesmos.

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Na última década, tem havido um crescente número de estudos focados na influência do envolvimento físico (EnvF) nos níveis de actividade física (AF). Tem sido assim possível verificar-se que o EnvF incluindo edifícios, infra-estruturas de transporte, elementos de design e instalações recreativas, influenciam os níveis de AF (Powell et al., 2006; Sallis, 2006). A identificação dos factores do EnvF que estão associados à AF dos jovens pode revelar determinantes promissoras e levar ao desenvolvimento de estratégias de intervenção mais eficazes (Sallis, Bauman & Pratt 1998). O presente estudo pretende verificar se, a existência e acessibilidade a determinados espaços físicos para a prática da AF estão associados aos níveis de actividade e Aptidão Física em alunos do 5º e 7º ano de escolaridade da RAM. Metodologia: Neste estudo participaram 2724 sujeitos de ambos os sexos, com uma média de 11,7 + 1,59 anos de idade, pertencentes a oito escolas da RAM. Os alunos foram avaliados nos parâmetros: composição corporal (peso, altura e pregas de adiposidade tricipital e geminal); aptidão aeróbia (teste do vaivém); historial e participação desportiva. A percentagem de Massa Gorda foi calculada através da equação de Slaughter et al. (1988) e os sujeitos classificados em níveis de adiposidade de acordo com as categorias de risco de Lohman (1987). Ao nível do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) todos os participantes foram categorizados segundo os valores de referência de Cole et al. (2000 e 2007). Os dados relativos à participação e historial desportivo, grupo de participação, frequência e duração de AF foram obtidos através de questionários. O EnvF foi caracterizado através da oferta de espaços de AF e das características dos mesmos dentro e fora da escola (raio de 800m), com base na observação directa e GPS, e entrevistas aos directores de instalações das escolas. Resultados: Verificou-se a existência de 71 espaços para a prática de AF. Relativamente à totalidade da amostra: 23,6% e 9,2% classificam-se, respectivamente, como sujeitos com excesso de peso e obesidade; 7% revelou participar em AF diária; e 61,7% classifica-se abaixo da zona saudável da aptidão aeróbia. Foram encontradas associações entre a prática desportiva e os indicadores de adiposidade e aptidão aeróbia (p<0,05). A participação desportiva está associada à oferta de espaços existentes dentro e fora das escolas.

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Some protected special spaces on behalf of fundamental rights to the environment and the housing at the city of Natal are fragile by facing actions and attempts to suppress and changing (or omission in the implementation) of standards in furtherance of those rights at the local level, which seems to reflect a situation that goes beyond the context of the city. Based on integrated approach of the housing rights and the environment and its protection of special spaces on the field of fundamental rights, the thesis seeks to understand the weaknesses that affect the legal state duty under the realization/implementation of fundamental rights to the environment and housing in cities, focusing on the issues of flexibility of the founding legislation of special spaces to the detriment of the attributes they protected and the lack of implementation of the legal system that allows their effectiveness. So, it looks initially to understand the environment and housing rights and their special protected areas in the brazilian legal system, looking forward the evolution of its legal protection, as well as the weaknesses that emerge in the field of their effectiveness. Analyzing the trajectory of the environment and housing rights and their special protected areas in Natal, considering its standards, attributes, protection indicators, weaknesses and negative evidence within its legal protections and their enforcement by state entity, this thesis proposes to verify the existence of forms to confronting the weaknesses founded in the maintenance of legal protection and its implementation. At this point it discusses the legal basis and safeguard instruments of protection, especially within the juridical field, as part of a (re)discussion about issues of legislative and administrative discretion in the face of objective legal state duty to realization/implementation of fundamental rights in the urban space. With all these issues together the thesis does not ignore the scenario where the dividing line between public and private (economic) are becoming ever more tenuous in the field of state action and where the city stands as a special commodity to the reproduction of real estate, according to the interests of capitalist logic

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This study aims at solidifying the theoretical bases to provide, above all, an explanation for this phenomenon which currently happens, with a scenario of social, political, economic and cultural transformations worldwide in medium cities. Nevertheless, because it has different dimensions from its transformation axes, gentrification comes with change, but also with the introduction of a new purpose in the space using and occupation, outlining in this context the identity of places from the formation of centralities with the presence of flows with social and economic dynamicsThe current forms of geographic space appropriation show the directions of the senses and ideological profile which recreates the meanings and uses of content and materials from descriptions of a historical past. However, today there is an economic context in the urban space which refers to a search of strategies for change, i.e., the acquisition of parameter aimed at meeting the demands of the relationship between capital and labor, which ends up overriding some actions for the specification of the transformation methods within the urban space to be explained by new needs and also by the agents from the value adding to their interests and investments. Thus, we assume that the appreciation/gentrification of urban spaces may or may not result from the building of a public space, since the dialogic structure as a place of political interaction externalize conflicts and disagreements in general; it keeps segregating spaces. As new spaces are transformed, the access to them tends to happen with particular restriction, whereas some places like parks, shopping malls, high-rise and horizontal condos are the scene for major professional and family events. In this context, the gentrification process is used to designate interventions in the urban environment, in certain city spaces which are considered central to public and private investments. A historical place is permitted to be presented as a scenario, a stage full of attractions, through the transformation process. Studying gentrification consists of an analysis of the underlying interests in the transformation of these areas, and especially of the assessment of the interest level in the private sector to partner in order to modify the landscape. Gentrification results from the transformation processes of capital, which influences the efforts and investments application in order to establish and achieve optimal economic growth, focusing on a location socio-culturally centered in the urban space. Thus, the urban social structure develops in the light of some questions that relate not only the cities growth but also environmental conditions it provides in cities like Mossoro, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil 2005 a 2011.

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The worldwide transformations that took place in the 20th century redefined the cities fate in this new century. The consolidation of urbanization, the technological revolution that fostered globalization, the economic restructuration and informalization, modified space and time concepts, bringing populations closer together and provoking political transformations. They made contemporaries cities protagonists of world events and as a consequence of such processes, worthlessness spaces appeared and cities all over the world started to bet on the strategy of acting in this problematic areas through initiatives aimed at promoting intentional transformations to obtain a multidimensional valorization urban, financial, environmental, cultural and social. In short, such urban initiatives intend to make cities more competitive, sustainable, creative, productive and fair. Also in Brazil, countless worthless spaces appeared in waterfronts, central areas, and deactivated industrial/urbanized areas, as well as in sub-used or misused areas lacking infrastructure and public services where it is imperative and urgent to perform urban initiatives. This research proposes as a thesis that urban initiatives, when carried out based on an adequate politicalinstitutional model, transform and give value to worthless spaces in their multiple dimensions, offering better quality of life to their residents and helping to fulfill the social role of the city. We intend to prove this thesis through the analysis of national and international cases and by introducing thoughts, critique and guidelines as a contribution to the improvement of the urban initiatives implementation processes, in particular to those regarding worthless areas of Brazilian cities