962 resultados para Empresas - Estudos interculturais
Resumo:
Esta pesquisa tem dois objetivos principais. Primeiro, pretende revisar o estado-da-arte no campo de análise da variância de desempenho. Uma revisão de literatura preliminar mostra que, embora vistos por alguns como contraditórios, os resultados dos estudos anteriores de análise de variância de desempenho podem ser compatibilizados (especialmente para indústrias de manufatura). Efeitos idiossincráticos das firmas individuais representam o maior componente que explica a variância do desempenho. Efeitos de indústria também são significativos, mas muito menores. Efeitos atribuídos aos anos (conjunturas específicas) estiveram ausentes ou foram muito pequenos. Em segundo lugar este estudo contribui para o debate que explora a análise de desempenho em um ambiente extremamente turbulento. Um resultado intrigante nestas pesquisas prévias foi valor o muito pequeno, às vezes nulo, atribuído aos efeitos de ano. Por que estes valores são tão pequenos? Tal questão não é explorada na literatura, e é nela que focaremos nossa pesquisa. Um ambiente turbulento, por definição, permitiria que se esperasse que estes efeitos de ano fossem maiores, dada a instabilidade reinante. Para investigar esta possibilidade nós propomos executar uma análise de variância do desempenho de empresas brasileiras durante o período 1998 a 2001, um período de turbulência doméstica e internacional extrema.
Resumo:
In the recent years Corporate Social Action (CSA) has become more and more relevant to corporate context. The aim is to benefit both poor communities and the donnor companies, as it meets the needs of their salient stakeholders. Nevertheless, there still exists considerable scepticism concerning CSA. In order to become a solid management practice, it is critcal to evidence the attained results. Up to now, the focus has been on process evaluation, that is, on the policies companies are adopting. Literature revision has shown a great need of studies related to results identification in this field. Therefore, using stakeholders` framework (according to Wood, 1991; Donaldson and Preston, 1995; Hopkins, 1997; Hamil, 1999), we have developped a methodology to evaluate CSA results, based on public and private effectiveness criteria. As we applied it to assess Xerox social action in Brazil we were able to identify the attainment degree of expected results related to the benefitted community (Mangueira) and also to some Xerox salient stakeholders (employees and clients).
Resumo:
Accordingly, a variety of firms's technological capabilities studies, the literature recently is still lacking about the dynamic of sector evolution and technological development in inter-firm and their implication for technical and economical financial performance. More lacking is the research catching up the evolution of industrial sectors after the institutional reforms in the 90. For that, the focus of the dissertation is to analyze the main of the evolution of the pulp and paper industry from 1970 to 2004, using as reference points the import-substitution policy and the economic deregulation of the 1990s. Futhermore, the work tries to evaluate how such changes at industry level have been perceived from a firm point of view in terms of accumulation of technological capabilities and improvement of economic financial performance. This linkage is tested and examined in the following firms: Aracruz (Barra do Riacho establishment ), Klabin (Monte Alegre establishment) e Votorantim Celulose e Papel ¿ VCP (Jacareí establishment), defining the same time period of sectoral level. As far as the industry level study is concerned, it is based on the average rate of annual growth of some selected variables, given that the technological capabilities test is performed according to the methodology already existing in the literature, but properly adapted to the pulp and paper case. Similarly, the analysis regarding the improvement of the economic financial performance is based on a set of industry specific indicators. Hence, the work is built upon multiple case studies, taking into account both the qualitative and quantitative evidence, i.e. interviews, direct observations, as well as firm reports. Finally, it is worth emphasizing as the analysis of the changes in the sector, in conjunction with the above mentioned methodology used to measure the technological capabilities in the context of an evolving industrial regime, is still lacking in emerging economies as well as in Brazil. According to the empirical evidence, the reforms of the 1990s had a positive impact on the industrial development, from both the national and international viewpoint. Such a transformation was evident at firm level in terms of accumulation of technological capabilities and improvement of economic financial indicators. Indeed, the results show that the speed of accumulation of technological capabilities within the firms influences positively the performance indicators. On the other hand, these are also related to external factors, such as the macroeconomic conditions, which as such have not been considered in details.
Resumo:
This work focuses on the implications of accumulation of technological competences for improvement of operational performance indicators. This relationship is examined in two mechanical industry firms in Caxias do Sul-RS, in the period 1985-2000. Based on a comparative case study, this work finds its ground in both qualitative and quantitative empirical evidences, collected in different sources in the firms, which are being studied. The examination of accumulation of technological competences is done through a structure of analysis existing in literature, which is specifically adapted to the mechanical industry. The examination of performance improvement is based on a set of typical operational indicators pertaining to mechanical industry. Studies of this nature are already found, mainly in Latin American literature, since the eighties. But, the application of these analytic structures in industrializing firms in Brazil is found only in the nineties. This work shows that within a unique enterprise group there is a different accumulation of technological competences, and it demonstrates that this process is not automatic. Moreover, it contributes to explain not only the differences between both firms, in terms of operational performance at some points in time, but also, how both firms got to (or did not get to) improve their performance indicators along time. This conclusion is not different from that of previous studies, but it derives from a study made in a specific industry (mechanical), which has not yet been studied in the south of Brazil.
Resumo:
Este projeto tem o objetivo de identificar os papéis de marketing existentes nos componentes da cadeia de distribuição de Tecnologia da Informação (TI), com ênfase na observação das atividades orientadas para melhoria do relacionamento da organização com o usuário corporativo e na consolidação da marca do integrante da cadeia, independente da tecnologia ou marca do fabricante representado. Este projeto centrou a observação em casos de representações no Brasil, embora um dos casos analisados atue multinacionalmente. Para manter certa homogeneidade na avaliação, foram escolhidos casos integrantes de um único canal de um fabricante de TI internacional. Estes casos foram selecionados por estarem inseridos num ambiente freqüentemente mutável e de alta competitividade. As empresas pesquisadas, que ocupam espaços específicos na cadeia de relacionamento do canal, diferenciam-se também no tamanho e na abrangência de mercado, considerando-se o tipo, a quantidade e a dispersão geográfica dos usuários. As observações efetuadas indicam que poucas atividades e papéis de marketing são comuns aos casos pesquisados. Além disto, foi identificado que o conjunto básico de atividades necessárias para um adequado relacionamento com o usuário final, embora contido em toda a cadeia ou sistema do canal, não está estruturado como um todo, ocorrendo eventualmente ineficiência de determinadas atividades e papéis de marketing ou superposição de outros.
Resumo:
NEVES, Hélio Ramiro Marques. Os fluxos internacionais de capitais para investimentos em portfólio no mercado financeiro doméstico: uma análise do caso brasileiro de 1994 a 2000. 2004. f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Gestão Empresarial) ¿ Escola Brasileira de Administração Pública e de Empresas, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro, 2000. This paper analyses the effect of International capital flows and their behavior for emergent countries, focused in Brazilian financial market. It considers that capital flows had dramatically increased, however their impact, proposals on changes in international market and capital controls has not been clear. Considering capital flows In comparison to portfolio investments and to direct investments, this paper, also aims to discuss and highlight questions whether the concepts that capital flows generally associated to portfolio investments are frequently connected with incidence of crises meanwhile the second have been associated with growth in some countries.
Resumo:
O relatório social, instrumento importante para gestão social, prestação de contas dessa gestão, análise e estudos sobre a RSE, é publicado cada vez com mais freqüência[ABF1] na Internet, levando as questões sociais da empresa para o espaço público, potencializando, com isso, sua divulgação e seu uso. No entanto, a tecnologia da informação oferece recursos para que essas ações possam ir além da divulgação. Diante desta premissa, o estudo se propõe[ABF2] a analisar o aproveitamento desses recursos pela área de responsabilidade social da empresa. A partir de um levantamento realizado nos sites de 139 empresas, são observadas aquelas[ABF3] que divulgaram o relatório social e quais os seus interesses, projetos e ações sócio-ambientais, assim como os recursos tecnológicos que viabilizam a interação e a comunicação com stakeholders. Num segundo momento, busca-se a interação com as empresas via e-mail e realizam-se pesquisas de campo para examinar o uso da tecnologia pela área de responsabilidade social de duas empresas participantes do levantamento. Por um lado, há o desejo de diálogo e de maior proximidade com o público, sobretudo quando estão em pauta temas relacionados com o meio ambiente, a cidadania e ações comunitárias. Por outro, porém, alguns passos -ainda que curtos -são dados em direção à divulgação de informações relevantes para a sociedade (atingindo universos mais remotos).A comunicação, a interação e as práticas que permitem maior participação e integração com stakeholders carecem de maior empenho e aproveitamento dos recursos tecnológicos voltados para esses fins.
Resumo:
This dissertation seeks to add new evidence to the international debate on globalization of innovation in the developing countries context. Globalization of innovation, in this dissertation, is defined and measured by the types, levels and rate of innovative technological capability accumulation and the underlying technological learning processes (sources of capabilities) at the firm level in late-industrializing countries ¿ or developing countries. This relationship is examined within a large transnational corporation (TNC) subsidiary of the information and communication technology (ICT) sector in Brasil: Motorola do Brasil during over the period from 1996 to 2006. In the international literature there is a strong debate on the extent to which innovative technological capabilities have been spreading internationally. But, the most of the studies are focused on early industrialized countries. In other words, there is still a scarcity of analysis, mainly at the firm level, from the perspective of developing countries. This dissertation supports itself in analytical basis developed in the international literature on accumulation of technological capabilities and learning in the context of developing countries. The learning processes examined in this dissertation are: (i) intra-firm learning processes; (ii) inter-firm learning processes (links between mother and sister companies); and (iii) links between the firm and other organizations of the innovation system (universities, research institutes, among others). Based on first-hand empirical evidence, qualitative and quantitative, collected on the basis of extensive fieldwork, this dissertation examines these issues with adequate level of detail and depth, in this large company in Brazil. The study results suggest that: Concerning the path of the technological capability accumulation, the firm exhibited heterogeneity in the path of accumulation of technological capabilities to distinct functions. For the functions Software Engineering and Process and Management Project the firm reached the Level 6 (Innovative Intermediate Superior), on a scale that ranges from 1 to 7; In relation to technological capability sources, the firm deliberately sought and built sources of knowledge in order to develop and sustain its innovative technological capabilities. The dissertation, thus, contributes to adding new empirical evidence to the debate on globalization of innovative capabilities from a late-industrializing perspective.
Resumo:
O presente estudo objetivou identificar as principais causas da mortalidade das micro e pequenas empresas brasileiras e como os instrumentos de planejamento e gerenciamento econômico-financeiros podem reduzir esta mortalidade. Foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica sobre as micro e pequenas empresas (MPE) em que se identificaram: as definições, as principais características, a importância, as principais necessidades e dificuldades, a taxa de mortalidade e os fatores de mortalidade desse segmento de empresas. Dessa forma, verificou-se que as MPE têm grande importância na economia e sociedade brasileiras. A maioria expressiva (98%) das empresas brasileiras é classificada como MPE, sendo elas responsáveis por 43% da oferta de empregos e por quase a metade de toda a receita e valor da produção do país. O trabalho abordou pesquisas mostrando que as taxas médias de mortalidade das empresas brasileiras são significativas e preocupantes, podendo atingir índices próximos a 60% somente no primeiro ano de sua constituição, em alguns Estados do Brasil. Este fenômeno não pode ser atribuído a um fator isoladamente, mas a um conjunto de fatores ambientais, técnicos, administrativos e outros mais que, combinados, podem ampliar os riscos de fechamento das x empresas. No entanto, grande parte dos estudos aponta problemas de origem financeira como um dos principais fatores condicionantes da mortalidade das MPE. As necessidades mais prementes nas MPE, identificadas na pesquisa bibliográfica, foram: instrumentos de planejamento e gestão, treinamento especializado, capital de giro, crédito a taxas compatíveis com a rentabilidade e formalização dos processos. A pesquisa principal do trabalho é o estudo de caso abordando a experiência vivencial de implantação, planejamento, gerenciamento e controle do Restaurante Buongustaio em Brasília, nos seus 10 meses iniciais de funcionamento. Foram abordadas as principais dificuldades, problemas enfrentados e soluções envolvendo planejamento, gestão, recursos humanos, capital de giro e atendimento a clientes, dentre outros. o estudo de caso possibilitou a aferição de vários conceitos e conteúdos abordados na pesquisa bibliográfica e conclui-se que a utilização dos instrumentos de planejamento e gerenciamento econômico-financeiros, como: plano de negócios, análise econômico-financeira, gerenciamento do fluxo de caixa e de capital de giro, fornece importante contribuição para a sobrevivência e crescimento da micro e pequena empresa, reduzindo o seu risco de falência ou mortalidade prematura.
Resumo:
This study aims at understanding the entrepreneurial process and the capacity of the incubators of promoting the technical training of the entrepreneurs as well as developing projects, turning them into prosperous companies. The bibliography about this topic is recent and it is based on actual cases and experiences. The development of the sector is quite big and has been happening with a certain speed, creating a demand for studies and scientific production. Due to the fact that it is an exploratory research, the chosen method was the case study, from which we aim at obtaining current information, representative of the reality. The universe of this research will be the incubators of companies that have a technological basis, the sample of which being the companies that are in the ¿Gênesis Institute¿, the incubator of companies of PUC-RIO. From the results, it will be possible to see entrepreneurial processes, training of businessmen, technological development and generation of prosperous companies. The theoretical reference presents the concepts of entrepreneurialship and IEBTs.
Resumo:
This dissertation seeks to add new evidence to the international debate on globalization of innovation in the developing countries context. Globalization of innovation, in this dissertation, is defined and measured by the types, levels and rate of innovative technological capability accumulation and the underlying technological learning processes (sources of capabilities) at the firm level in late-industrializing countries ¿ or developing countries. This relationship is examined within a large transnational corporation (TNC) subsidiary of the information and communication technology (ICT) sector in Brasil: Motorola do Brasil during over the period from 1996 to 2006. In the international literature there is a strong debate on the extent to which innovative technological capabilities have been spreading internationally. But, the most of the studies are focused on early industrialized countries. In other words, there is still a scarcity of analysis, mainly at the firm level, from the perspective of developing countries. This dissertation supports itself in analytical basis developed in the international literature on accumulation of technological capabilities and learning in the context of developing countries. The learning processes examined in this dissertation are: (i) intra-firm learning processes; (ii) inter-firm learning processes (links between mother and sister companies); and (iii) links between the firm and other organizations of the innovation system (universities, research institutes, among others). Based on first-hand empirical evidence, qualitative and quantitative, collected on the basis of extensive fieldwork, this dissertation examines these issues with adequate level of detail and depth, in this large company in Brazil. The study results suggest that: Concerning the path of the technological capability accumulation, the firm exhibited heterogeneity in the path of accumulation of technological capabilities to distinct functions. For the functions Software Engineering and Process and Management Project the firm reached the Level 6 (Innovative Intermediate Superior), on a scale that ranges from 1 to 7; In relation to technological capability sources, the firm deliberately sought and built sources of knowledge in order to develop and sustain its innovative technological capabilities. The dissertation, thus, contributes to adding new empirical evidence to the debate on globalization of innovative capabilities from a late-industrializing perspective.
Resumo:
This dissertation focus the implication of differences in accumulation of technological competences among companies and its reflex on the improvement of indexes of operational, economical and financial performance. This connection has been investigated at D'Itália Móveis Industrial Ltda. and Pozza S.A Industrial Moveleira, both companies of the furniture market located in Bento Gonçalves - RS. Based on a comparative case study of these two companies, this dissertation is based on empiric evidences about how the company has accumulated its technological competences. Such evidences are qualitative and quantitative, and were collected from several sources in the studied companies. The examination of technological competences accumulation is done based on an analytical structure that exists in the literature, that has been adapted to the analysis of the furniture market. The examination of performance improvement is based on a set of indexes used in the furniture industry. Studies about this subject are found in the literature, but the application of these analytic structures in the furniture market is scarce, mainly in brazilian companies. It has been noticed that the company D'Itália has accumulated technological competences on all the three functions analysed, what suggests implications for the improvement of its performance. On the other side, the company Pozza has shown a paralysation on technological competences accumulation during a long time, what brought implications for the reduction of its corporative performance. In this way, the conclusion of this dissertation suggests that the accumulation of technological competences has contributed to explain the differences of performance between both companies. Besides, it explains how both companies have managed (or not) to accumulate their indexes of performance in the long run. Even though this conclusion is not different from other studies formerly done, this conclusion is derivated from a study applied to a kind of industry that still wasn¿t examined in the available literature.
Resumo:
The main objective of this dissertation is to examine the implications of technological capacities in the improvement of technical performance indexes, specifically at the company level. These relationships were examined in a small sample of metal-working enterprises in the state of Rio de Janeiro (1960 to 2006). Although diverse studies on technological competences have been carried out in the last twenty years, a gap in empirical studies still exist that correlate the performance of companies in the context of developing countries, especially in Brazil. Aiming to contribute to a reduction of these gaps, this dissertation examines the questions by the light of available models in literature, which opting themselves to using operational indexes of companies. For drawing the accumulation of technological competences in this study, the metric proposal by Figueiredo (2000) shall be used indicating the levels of technological qualification in process, product, and equipment functions. The empirical evidence examined in this dissertation is both qualitative and quantitative in nature and were collected, first hand, through extensive field research involving informal interviews, meetings, direct-site observation and document analysis. In relation to the results, the evidence suggests that: - In terms of technological accumulation, a company reached Level 5 of technological capacity in process and organization of production as well as product and equipment. Three companies obtained Level 4 in the function process function while two others had reached the same technological level in the functions of product and equipment. Two companies had reached Level 3 in the product and equipment functions and one remained this level in the function of process; - In terms of the rate of accumulation of technological capacities, the observed companies had reached Level 4 needs 29 years in process function, 32 years in product function and 29 years in equipment function; - In terms of improvement performance pointers, a company which reached Level 5 of technological capacity improved in 70% of its indicators of performance, while the company that had achieved Level 4 had raised its pointers 60% and the other companies had gotten improved in the order of 40%. It was evidenced that the majority of the pointers of the companies with higher levels of technological capacities had obtained better performance. This dissertation contributes to advancing the strategic management of companies in metal-working segment to understanding internal accumulation of technological capacity and indicators of performance especially in the field of empirical context studied. This information offers management examples of how to improve competitive performance through the accumulation of technological capacities in the process, product and equipment functions.
Resumo:
o objetivo desta pesquisa foi a identificação e a determinação dos principais elementos presentes no desenvolvimento de ações de responsabilidade social e programas de marketing social em unidades industriais de duas empresas, da iniciativa privada, localizadas em Curitiba: Bosch e Inepar. Na base teóricoempírica, foram analisados os aspectos referentes à gestão social sob o paradigma da Sociedade Pós-Industrial, à responsabilidade social e ao marketing social. Especificamente nestes dois últimos temas foi aprofundada a análise de suas bases de formação e a evolução de seus conceitos, bem como suas diferentes interpretações, tratamentos, usos e motivações para a efetivação de programas de cunho social. O método que caracteriza esta pesquisa é o de dois estudos de caso distintos. Os dados foram obtidos mediante pesquisa bibliográfica, análise de documentos internos e peças de comunicação externas, observação direta e por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, realizadas com os dirigentes e funcionários das organizações estudadas, envolvidos na condução e organização de práticas sociais. A análise foi efetuada de forma descritivo-qualitativa. Os dados coletados revelaram a existência de consonâncias e dissonâncias entre a prática da responsabilidade social e do marketing social e o discurso apresentado pelas empresas. O objetivo maior do estudo foi ampliar o entendimento acerca da responsabilidade social e do marketing social praticado pela iniciativa privada, tendo como referência a visão de seus integrantes, dentro das atuais racionalidades econômica e social que estabelecem um novo modelo de relacionamento entre Estado, empresas e sociedade civil.
Resumo:
Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar um tópico pouco explorado quanto às empresas familiares que é a sucessão após a segunda geração. Procurou-se conhecer um pouco mais sobre as empresas familiares as quais se encontram na terceira geração em diante assim como entender a razão de terem conseguido este feito, pois, de acordo com vários outros estudos, apenas uma pequena minoria das empresas familiares alcança a terceira geração. Para alcançar o objetivo abordou-se no referencial teórico qual a origem das empresas familiares brasileiras, os conceitos de empresa familiar que diferem entre si conforme a ótica abordada, as suas características, assim como os pontos fortes e fracos das empresas familiares, as fases do processo de sucessão, os erros capitais que podem ocorrer na sucessão, as ações preventivas que podem servir como facilitadoras do processo sucessório, além de outros pontos de relevante importância para os empreendimentos familiares. Depois de feita a abordagem teórica, foi investigado através de pesquisa de campo em quatro empresas as quais se encontram sob o comando da terceira, quarta e quinta geração, se as indicações da literatura como condicionantes para o sucesso no processo de transição entre as gerações seriam as razões para o êxito destas empresas no quesito sucessão. A coleta de dados foi feita através de entrevistas com os diretores que fazem parte da família, das empresas selecionadas, seguindo-se um roteiro de questões fechadas abordando cinco temas principais: a sucessão e o seu planejamento; o envolvimento da família no processo sucessório; a preparação do sucessor; a profissionalização da empresa e da família e finalmente, o envolvimento com a empresa durante a infância e adolescência, sendo que este provou ser o tema de maior relevância, pois foi capaz de explicar o êxito na sucessão das empresas pesquisadas.