Eram realmente pitagórico(a)s os homens e mulheres catalogado(a)s por Jâmblico em sua obra Vida de Pitágoras?

Pythagoras was one of the most important pre-Socratic thinkers, and the movement he founded, Pythagoreanism, influenced a whole thought later in religion and science. Iamblichus, an important Neoplatonic and Neopythagorean philosopher of the third century AD, produced one of the most important biographies of Pythagoras in his work Life of Pythagoras. In it he portrays the life of Pythagoras and provides information on Pythagoreanism, such as the Pythagorean religious community which resembled the cult of mysteries; the Pythagorean involvement in political affairs and in the government in southern Italy, the use of music by the Pythagoreans (means of purification of healing, use of theoretical study), the Pythagorean ethic (Pythagorean friendship and loyalty, temperance, self-control, inner balance); justice; and the attack on the Pythagoreans. Also in this biography, Iamblichus, almost seven hundred years after the termination of the Pythagorean School, established a catalog list with the names of two hundred and eighteen men and sixteen women, supposedly Pythagoreans of different nationalities. Based on this biography, a question was raised: to what extent and in what ways, can the Pythagoreans quoted by Iamblichus really be classified as Pythagoreans? We will take as guiding elements to search for answers to our central problem the following general objectives: to identify, whenever possible, which of the men and women listed in the Iamblichus catalog may be deemed Pythagorean and specific; (a) to describe the mystery religions; (b) to reflect on the similarities between the cult of mysteries and the Pythagorean School; (c) to develop criteria to define what is being a Pythagorean; (d) to define a Pythagorean; (e) to identify, if possible, through names, places of birth, life, thoughts, work, lifestyle, generation, etc.., each of the men and women listed by Iamblichus; (f) to highlight who, in the catalog, could really be considered Pythagorean, or adjusting to one or more criteria established in c, or also to the provisions of item d. To realize these goals, we conducted a literature review based on ancient sources that discuss the Pythagoreanism, especially Iamblichus (1986), Plato (2000), Aristotle (2009), as well as modern scholars of the Pythagorean movement, Cameron (1938), Burnet (1955), Burkert (1972), Barnes (1997), Gorman (n.d.), Guthrie (1988), Khan (1999), Mattéi (2000), Kirk, Raven and Shofield (2005), Fossa and Gorman (n.d.) (2010). The results of our survey show that, despite little or no availability of information on the names of alleged Pythagoreans listed by Iamblichus, if we apply the criteria and the definition set by us of what comes to be a Pythagorean to some names for which we have evidence, it is possible to assume that Iamblichus produced a list which included some Pythagoreans

Filosofia budista, arte, educação e valor: a experiência do Núcleo de Arte Educação do Programa Ação educativa Makiguti

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

A caixa de Pandora: as deusas e o feminino no cinema

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

O culto da deusa Ísis entre os romanos no século II: representações nas Metamorfoses de Apuleio

Pós-graduação em História - FCLAS

Candunga: fissuras do presente ressignificando uma certa Amazônia e um certo nordeste no romance de Bruno de Menezes

Os estudos sobre a cultura vêm, desde a década de 60 do último século, tornando-se cada vez mais explorados como ferramenta de observação em diversas áreas. A cultura, neste sentido, é, então, muito mais complexificada por ela ser resultante de um contato entre diversos grupos sociais e, portanto, necessitar de um estudo aprofundado no que diz respeito à sua formação. A literatura, inserida neste contexto, reflete essa complexificação cultural. Nesse aspecto, utilizada como forma da história e da cultura, a literatura é uma rica fonte de informações que pode desvendar muitos mistérios acerca da formação cultural em diferentes níveis, do local ao global. A conjuntura de um maior contato intercultural atinge a região amazônica, sendo refletida, principalmente, por meio do aspecto migratório após os ápices da comercialização da borracha, o chamado boom da borracha, na região durante a segunda metade do século XIX e primeira metade do século XX. A literatura de Bruno de Menezes, em Candunga, faz referências a esta realidade ligada aos deslocamentos humanos, mais precisamente dando enfoque à Estrada de Ferro Belém-Bragança. Nesse sentido, nosso foco de estudo será a relação cultural estabelecida entre os migrantes nordestinos recém-chegados e o caboclo amazônico, este último representado no romance pela voz do narrador de Candunga, detentor de um discurso cultural em prol do homem amazônico da zona bragantina. Perceberemos que há um conflito identitário e cultural em partes várias de Candunga por conta da emergência das diferenças entre caboclos e nordestinos. Notaremos um discurso de afirmação, por meio do narrador, da cultura amazônica em detrimento da nordestina, agregando, inclusive, juízo de valor, em que a cultura do caboclo seria superior à cultura do migrante. No entanto, não se deixará de ressaltar a relação de hibridação, observando como se dá o processo de hibridação cultural existente no romance.

Números primos: propriedades, aplicações e avanços

Pós-graduação em Matemática em Rede Nacional - IBILCE

Pesquisa em Educação Ambiental: compromisso com a vida

Different environmental disasters registered around the world and their consequences to nature and to the biodiversity, including the human beings, lead us to deal with nature’s mysteries and with our limits In controlling technological apparatus that make us proud enough to think that we can control nature’s processes. These kinds of experiences, considered as a real “being-event”, make us experiment processes of disillusion related to the possibilities of science and technology. Considering this frame and the historical human experiences, one fundamental question is related to our position, our professional and ethical commitments and our responsibilities facing this reality. How can we deal with these facts that are continuously announcing the limits of nature, of science, technologies and our self-limits? As researchers involved with environmental education, it seems plausible for us to ask about the ethical commitments related to our “acts” of investigation. So, considering different and stimulating possibilities opened by intellectual and philosophers who are adding significant contributions to these debates, my proposal for this essay is to invite environmental education researchers to carry on a dialog involving these questions with some perspectives proposed specially by Bakhtin (1895 – 1975) and some other authors affiliated or not to his approach. This seems to be an opportunity which allows us to realize that our commitments as environmental education researchers would be identified with our commitments with life

Histórias de Pescadores: estudo com ribeirinhos desalojados por uma hidrelétrica

In this research, made with riparians ousted by the construction of an hydroelectric power station, were gathered histories of the time when they were living in the edges of the river and of the current life in the town constructed in substitution to the ancient village flooded by the dam. In the histories, they proliferate images of a time of abundance, of fishing and of the fertile land that they were cultivating on the edge of the river. They describe the old village, with wealth of details, their achievements in the fishing and in the challenge of the mysteries of the forest and of the ferocity of the wild animals. They talk about the daily life of the ancient village like a community in which they were near and supportive. In the current narratives the protest and the revolt remain against the construction of the hydroelectric power station that took away the river and the rich riverside life, placing them at a place that they find sterile and devitalized.

As configurações do amor na lírica de Nuno Júdice

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A liberdade de imprensa vista pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal: análise da ADPF n. 130

The present study aims to present and analyze the ruling of the Brazilian Supreme Court in ADPF 130 (Concentrated constitutional review action, Fundamental Precept Infringement, Argüição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental), proposed by Partido Democrático Trabalhista (PDT), which contests the compatibility of statute 5.250/67 with the Federal Constitution of 1988. This work considers that the judicial ruling is different than the approach taken by the Legislative and Executive powers, arguing that there is, in the Judiciary, a peculiar way for ruling, surrounded by mysteries, rites, secrets, pomp and circunstances unintelligible to layman. To reach the proposed goal, Justice Carlos Brito´s report and opinion on ADPF 130 are analyzed. The choice of giving special attention to this opinion, which favors the declaration of unconstitutionality of the 5.250/67 statute, is justified in that it represents agreement with the allegation of disrespect to the constitutional text, as suggested by the Partido Democrático Trabalhista. The arguments put forth by the presiding Justice on his ruling will also be the object of consideration, as well as some possible consequences of the ruling.

Refuge Update – November/December 2009, Volume 6, Number 6

Table of Contents: Tufted Puffin Released A rehabilitated puffin gingerly tests freedom at Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge. FOCUS: Stories of Hope From cemeteries to woodpeckers, to newspaper columns and support at the ballot box, refuges represent stories of hope as they pursue their mission. Bats in the Barn Scientists and volunteers wrap a barn in plastic and count the bats inside. Sense of Wonder Award Jim Burkhart shares the joy and mysteries of the natural world with visitors to Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge, GA.

Period determination in the food-entrainable and methamphetamine-sensitive circadian oscillator(s)

Daily rhythmic processes are coordinated by circadian clocks, which are present in numerous central and peripheral tissues. In mammals, two circadian clocks, the food-entrainable oscillator (FEO) and methamphetamine-sensitive circadian oscillator (MASCO), are "black box" mysteries because their anatomical loci are unknown and their outputs are not expressed under normal physiological conditions. In the current study, the investigation of the timekeeping mechanisms of the FEO and MASCO in mice with disruption of all three paralogs of the canonical clock gene, Period, revealed unique and convergent findings. We found that both the MASCO and FEO in Per1(-/-)/Per2(-/-)/Per3(-/-) mice are circadian oscillators with unusually short (similar to 21 h) periods. These data demonstrate that the canonical Period genes are involved in period determination in the FEO and MASCO, and computational modeling supports the hypothesis that the FEO and MASCO use the same timekeeping mechanism or are the same circadian oscillator. Finally, these studies identify Per1(-/-)/Per2(-/-)/Per3(-/-) mice as a unique tool critical to the search for the elusive anatomical location(s) of the FEO and MASCO.

A Dark Matter Search with AMANDA : Limits on the Muon Flux from Neutralino Annihilations at the Centre of the Earth with 1997-99 Data

The nature of the dark matter in the Universe is one of the greatest mysteries in modern astronomy. The neutralino is a nonbaryonic dark matter candidate in minimal supersymmetric extensions to the standard model of particle physics. If the dark matter halo of our galaxy is made up of neutralinos some would become gravitationally trapped inside massive bodies like the Earth. Their pair-wise annihilation produces neutrinos that can be detected by neutrino experiments looking in the direction of the centre of the Earth. The AMANDA neutrino telescope, currently the largest in the world, consists of an array of light detectors buried deep in the Antarctic glacier at the geographical South Pole. The extremely transparent ice acts as a Cherenkov medium for muons passing the array and using the timing information of detected photons it is possible to reconstruct the muon direction. A search has been performed for nearly vertically upgoing neutrino induced muons with AMANDA-B10 data taken over the three year period 1997-99. No excess above the atmospheric neutrino background expectation was found. Upper limits at the 90 % confidence level has been set on the annihilation rate of neutralinos at the centre of the Earth and on the muon flux induced by neutrinos created by the annihilation products.

La figure de Méduse. Réécritures ovidiennes entre XVIe et XVIIe siècle

Starting from an original assumption that Ovid is one of the most influential and studied European mythographers from ancient times till at least the end of the XVII century, my research is about rediscovering Medusa's myth which has been brought to us from Metamorphosis during the period of time between the mid XVI and the last years of the XVII century. The main thread that leads the research trough English, French, Spanish and Italian Literatures gets particularly clarified in the crucial crux that binds the image of Gorgon, the protector of hight mysteries, tightly correlated to the goddess of knowledge, Minerva, and the attraction/dismay for knowing so far considered inaccessible but now perceived as possible (so more attractive than before) thanks to the scientific and geographic discoveries of the Renaissance.

Statistical mechanics of protein complexed and condensed DNA

In this thesis I treat various biophysical questions arising in the context of complexed / ”protein-packed” DNA and DNA in confined geometries (like in viruses or toroidal DNA condensates). Using diverse theoretical methods I consider the statistical mechanics as well as the dynamics of DNA under these conditions. In the first part of the thesis (chapter 2) I derive for the first time the single molecule ”equation of state”, i.e. the force-extension relation of a looped DNA (Eq. 2.94) by using the path integral formalism. Generalizing these results I show that the presence of elastic substructures like loops or deflections caused by anchoring boundary conditions (e.g. at the AFM tip or the mica substrate) gives rise to a significant renormalization of the apparent persistence length as extracted from single molecule experiments (Eqs. 2.39 and 2.98). As I show the experimentally observed apparent persistence length reduction by a factor of 10 or more is naturally explained by this theory. In chapter 3 I theoretically consider the thermal motion of nucleosomes along a DNA template. After an extensive analysis of available experimental data and theoretical modelling of two possible mechanisms I conclude that the ”corkscrew-motion” mechanism most consistently explains this biologically important process. In chapter 4 I demonstrate that DNA-spools (architectures in which DNA circumferentially winds on a cylindrical surface, or onto itself) show a remarkable ”kinetic inertness” that protects them from tension-induced disruption on experimentally and biologically relevant timescales (cf. Fig. 4.1 and Eq. 4.18). I show that the underlying model establishes a connection between the seemingly unrelated and previously unexplained force peaks in single molecule nucleosome and DNA-toroid stretching experiments. Finally in chapter 5 I show that toroidally confined DNA (found in viruses, DNAcondensates or sperm chromatin) undergoes a transition to a twisted, highly entangled state provided that the aspect ratio of the underlying torus crosses a certain critical value (cf. Eq. 5.6 and the phase diagram in Fig. 5.4). The presented mechanism could rationalize several experimental mysteries, ranging from entangled and supercoiled toroids released from virus capsids to the unexpectedly short cholesteric pitch in the (toroidaly wound) sperm chromatin. I propose that the ”topological encapsulation” resulting from our model may have some practical implications for the gene-therapeutic DNA delivery process.