Princípios bioclimáticos e princípios de arquitetura moderna - evidências no edifício hospitalar

O edifício hospitalar é um tipo arquitetônico funcionalmente complexo que, segundo se observa, sofreu substanciais alterações no decorrer dos tempos, passando de pavilhonar a monobloco vertical. Esse estudo apresenta uma visão sobre a transformação tipológica do edifício hospitalar, identificando exemplos que apresentam qualidades espaciais de conforto nas unidades de internação e correlacionando princípios corbusianos de projeto e estratégias bioclimáticas. A arquitetura bioclimática explora os benefícios do clima, com soluções integradas para o conforto ambiental como princípio de projeto. O estudo relaciona as variáveis que afetam o conforto ambiental numa internação hospitalar, onde as premências de qualidade de vida são fundamentais para o pronto restabelecimento dos pacientes, uma vez que abrigam pessoas fragilizadas e com alto nível de estresse. Ao longo da revisão bibliográfica, constata-se que o edifício hospitalar concebido durante a arquitetura moderna beneficia soluções de uma arquitetura adaptada ao meio ambiente.O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as relações da arquitetura bioclimática com os fatores climáticos, o conforto do ser humano e as soluções de arquitetura no contexto do ambiente hospitalar, projetado e construído a partir dos princípios corbusianos. Foi realizado um estudo de caso no Hospital Fêmina de Porto Alegre, por se tratar de um exemplo de arquitetura moderna bioclimática. Os espaços estudados são os quartos das unidades de internação e os elementos de arquitetura moderna contemplados no edifício. Os critérios de avaliação no estudo de caso são: medições de temperatura, iluminação natural e realização de entrevistas e questionários aos usuários, combinados com as análises dos princípios de projeto da arquitetura moderna. As interpretações dos resultados do estudo de caso e análises forneceram subsídios para a discussão das hipóteses levantadas e a elaboração das recomendações de projeto para o conforto ambiental nas internações hospitalares.

Jaguaribe e Esplanada : o edifício de apartamentos modernista e um novo paradigma habitacional em Porto Alegre

O trabalho analisa os edifícios Jaguaribe e Esplanada a partir da descrição aprofundada dos objetos, da reconstrução do processo de projeto e do reconhecimento de premissas de concepção arquitetônica, relacionadas com o espírito do tempo e com o espírito do lugar. Baseado na idéia do desenvolvimento arquitetônico a partir de um precedente, o trabalho descreve os contextos internacional, regional e local e as características da arquitetura moderna praticada naquele momento, como referência para a desenvolvimento do edifício de apartamentos e a afirmação de um novo paradigma habitacional, a partir da aplicação do ideário modernista no tecido urbano tradicional de Porto Alegre, de forma ainda vinculada ao formato do lote.Considerando as características do momento, reflexo das transformações urbanas iniciadas pela industrialização, o trabalho situa os dois empreendimentos no sistema de produção e no processo de verticalização da cidade, com o desenvolvimento do apartamento. Desenvolvendo a noção de estilo modernista e fazendo analogias com outros edifícios da mesma época, o trabalho sintetiza um tipo comum, referenciado em obras paradigmáticas de mestres da Arquitetura Moderna. Analisando a materialização dos dois edifício, o trabalho verifica as soluções adotadas pela práxis modernista, na cidade tradicional.

Importância dos efeitos de vizinhança na resposta dinâmica de um edifício à ação do vento

A crescente valorização imobiliária das áreas urbanas, que força acréscimos na altura dos edifícios, associada ao desenvolvimento de materiais mais resistentes e técnicas construtivas modernas, que promovem uma tendência ao projeto de estruturas mais esbeltas e flexíveis, formam um cenário propício à ocorrência de problemas associados à resposta dinâmica frente à ação do vento, principalmente à parte flutuante decorrente da turbulência atmosférica.A experiência tem mostrado que o engenheiro estruturalista comum tem pouco ou nenhum conhecimento sobre os efeitos dinâmicos do vento e as conseqüências da vizinhança sobre este carregamento. Por estas razões justifica-se todo o esforço feito no sentido de se estudar, divulgar e tornar mais acessíveis os métodos disponíveis para análise da resposta estrutura à ação dinâmica do vento e os efeitos de vizinhança. Este é o objetivo central do trabalho de dissertação aqui proposto, consiste no estudo crítico, na aplicação prática e na comparação de métodos disponíveis de análise, quais sejam: a Norma Brasileira NBR – 6123, a sua análise estática e dinâmica (Capítulo 9), a Norma Canadense NBCC (1985). Como parte do trabalho foram realizadas análises estruturais detalhadas com programas de elementos finitos, bem como práticas experimentais sobre modelos rígidos no Túnel de Vento Prof. Joaquim Blessmann (TV-2) da UFRGS. Os resultados obtidos através da instrumentação dos modelos ensaiados em túnel de vento foram aplicados às prescrições das normas aqui estudadas. As respostas assim obtidas comparadas com as oriundas da aplicação das recomendações padrão destas normas foram avaliadas comparativamente. Sendo possível concluir que os resultados determinados através das prescrições da norma brasileira de vento apresentaram-se mais consistentes que os da norma canadense. Mesmo assim, alguns pontos necessitam de um estudo maior e mais aprofundado principalmente as considerações referentes à torção, que se mostraram na maioria das vezes contra a segurança, além do efeito da vizinhança que, muitas vezes, causa efeitos imprevisíveis sobre a edificação.

Vista lateral e esquematizada de uma ponte rolante

Ilustração. Dimensão: 5251x2562. Tamanho: 736Kb.

A forma no edifício residencial vertical em Natal : 1969 a 2000 :

This essay focuses on issues related to internal problems of the architecture discipline, specially those related to the aesthetics of the buildings. The universe analyzed in this research is constituted of some of the vertical housing built in Natal from the period of 1969 to 2000. As we could observe there are many different aspects in these apartment buildings external appearance, denoting increasing preoccupations in their formal elaboration in the battlefield for diversity against monotony of the simple prismatic volumetric forms.

Natureza morta...edifício com vida: uma arquitetura sustentável para o Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos

Sustainability in buildings, while reducing the impact on the environment, contributes to the promotion of social welfare, to increase the health and productivity of occupants. The search for a way of build that meets the aspirations and development of humanity without, however, represent degradation of the environment, has become the great challenge of contemporary architecture. It is considered that the incorporation of principles that provide a sustainable building with careful choices of design solutions contribute to a better economic and thermal performance of the building, as well as functional and psychological comfort to its users. Based on this general understanding, this paper presents an architecture project aimed to health care whose the solutions adopted follow carefully the relevant legislation and sets his sights on the theme of sustainability. The methodology began with studies on the themes of verification service of deaths, sustainability and those application in construction developed through research in academic studies and analysis of architectural projects, using them like reference for the solutions adopted. Within the project analysis was performed a visit to the verification service of deaths in the city of Palmas in Tocantins, subsidizing information that, plus the relevant legislation, led to functional programming and pre-dimensional of the building to be designed. The result of this programming environments were individual records with information from environmental restrictions, space required for the development of activities, desirable flow and sustainability strategies, that can be considered as the first product of relevance of the professional master's degree. Finally we have outlined the basic design architecture of a Verification Service of Death SVO/RN (in portuguese), whose process of projecting defined as a guiding line of work four points: the use of bioclimatic architecture as the main feature projectual, the use of resources would provide minimal harm to the environment, the use of modulation and structure to the building as a form of rationalization and finally the search for solutions that ensure environmental and psychological comfort to users. Importantly to highlight that, besides owning a rare theme in literature that refers to architectural projects, the whole project was drawn up with foundations in projective criteria that contribute to environmental sustainability, with emphasis on thermal performance, energy efficiency and reuse of rainwater

Projeto de um edifício para fins educacionais com foco na racionalização do consumo de água

The urban growth without the prior infrastructure has caused many environmental impacts such as the damage to quality of the water resources in the cities. Along with natural scarcity in some regions, this is one of the factors that limit the availability of drinking water. As a result, the conservation of drinking water is becoming one of the major concerns in sustainable architectural projects. Within this context, this dissertation proposes to develop the design of an educational building focusing on water consumption rationalization. The proposed project is located in UFRN Campus at Currais Novos, an area of warm and dry climate and low rainfall. The proposal seeks to integrate ways to reduce water consumption o to architecture, in order to exploit the advantages and savings. After quantifying the benefits achieved, it was concluded that it is possible to reduce significantly the drinking water consumption in educational buildings in universities using three principles: reduction the water consumption at the point of use, replacement of the water source and internal recycling. Calculations and simulations indicated that the proposed building may have water consumption up to 56% lower than if it would be provided by conventional facilities. Rationalization of water consumption brings direct and indirect benefits, with influences on the environmental, social and economic fields

Layout, conforto e satisfação dos usuários em escritórios: uma avaliação pós-ocupação no edifício da sede administrativa do INPE-CRN

This research aimed to identify the link between the layout of workspaces in offices and the design strategies for environmental comfort. Strategies surveyed were focused on the thermal, visual and luminic comfort. In this research, visual comfort is related to issues of visual integration within and between the interior and exterior of the building. This is a case study conducted at the administrative headquarters of Centro Regional Nordeste do Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE-CRN), located in Natal/RN. The methodological strategy used was the Post-Occupancy Evaluation, which combined the survey data on the building (layout of workspaces, bioclimatic strategies adopted in the design, use of these strategies) with some techniques aimed at acquiring qualitative information related to users. The workspace layout is primordial to satisfaction and productivity of workers. Issues such as concentration, communication, privacy, personal identity, density and space efficiency, barriers (access, visual and even ventilation and lighting), among others, are associated with the layout. The environmental comfort is one of the essential elements to maintaining life quality in workplace. Moreover, it is an important factor in user`s perception of the space in which he or she are inserted. Both layout and environmental comfort issues should be collected and analyzed in the establishment phase of the programming step. That way, it is possible to get adequate answers to these questions in subsequent project phases. It was found that changes in the program that occurred over time, especially concerning persons (number and characteristics), resulted in changes in layout, generating high density and inflexible environments. It turns difficult to adjust the furniture to the occupants` requirement, including comfort needs. However, the presence of strategies for environmental quality provides comfort to spaces, ensuring that, even in situations not considered optimal, users perceive the environment in a positive way. It was found that the relationship between environmental comfort and layout takes the following forms: in changing the perception of comfort, depending on the layout of the arrangements; adjustments in layout, due to needs for comfort; and the elevation of user satisfaction and environmental quality due to the presence of strategies comfort even in situations of inadequate layout

Moro em edifício histórico, e agora?: avaliação pós-ocupação de habitações multifamiliares no Centro Histórico de São Luís -MA

The central question of the research if inserts in thematic current and of relevance for the studies in Preservation and a Conservation of Historical Centers. It analyzes the relations between habitacional use, satisfaction of the inhabitants and preservation of the patrimony constructed in the Historical Center of São Luis-MA It considers that the use is factor that makes possible the transformation of spaces in places , prioritizing the point of view of the user as essential element to the analysis of the reality and that enriches the evaluation technique of the functional and formal aspects of the constructed environment. It is looked to understand the relation man-environment, and mainly, to verify as it happens throughout the process of the occupation and of appropriation of historical buildings destined to habitacional reuse, and still if this appropriation favors the preservation of the Historical Center of São Luís

Padronização e flexibilidade: proposta de um edifício tipo para uma escola técnica profissionalizante

Nowadays the acquisition of sustainable elements and concepts in construction has been increasingly discussed, improved and incorporated to buildings, since the sector directly interferes in the urban space and environment, representing environmental impact. In order to make a sustainable building (Green Building) it is vital to incorporate less damaging constructive practice, starting from the project until the operation of the enterprise, that means to consider an integrated process of conception, implementation, construction and operation. The more effective sustainable principles participation in architecture happens at the projecting step through minimal environment impact solutions. Among the issues varieties that goes with sustainability proposal of the buildings project, there were added to this work the elements that are directly attached to bioclimatic architecture, more specifically the climate variation, ventilation, lighting and sunlight, that directly affect the project conception. It is important to put in evidence that architecture role goes far beyond the simple activity of building spaces; it is the sequence of political, economic, social and cultural elements, having the users as the main apparatus to its materialization. Thereby this professional dissertation consists of an architecture draft for a professional and technological school in the Rio Grande do Norte State, this dissertation is based on the analysis of previous experience and the bioclimatic principles that implicate in building on hot and dry, hot and humid climates, and the use of strategic solutions that aim the optimization of natural light and ventilation

Fazer a ponte para a escola de todos(as)

The purpose of this study is to understand what are the matrix elements in which everyday activities of social author/authors, actor/actors and actress/actresses are embedded, in order to carry out the Escola da Ponte s political and pedagogic process (PPP). Thus, the object of this study is to reflect on an experience developed in a public school supported by the Portuguese State within the scenario of institutions that are committed to building up a school of the people by investing in democratization and community participation in their management process. The methodological course of action was targeted at the presuppositions of qualitative research (WOODS, 1999; BURGESS, 1997; MILLS, 1982; OLIVEIRA, 1998; BOGDAN and BIKLEN, 1994; MACEDO, 2000; CASAL, 1996; GEERTZ, 2000), with data collected from random word association (MACHADO and CARVALHO, 2003), the discourse of the interviewed (KAUFMANN, 1996; SILVA, 2006; 2002), observation notes and documents (ELIAS, 1997). Based on a multiple reference and theoretical framework, the investigation revealed elements that are construed as the raw material and pillars supporting the bridge of a school of the people, as well as the self-organization of the school community which emerges as a dimension that binds together all the elements and brings new arrangements into the school dynamics by moving from the individual to the society (DUPUY, 1990). Along this line, the central argument is that in the short and long run the public school quality does not spring from macro educational policies, nor from ephemeral mass-production programs, projects or governmental policies, but from the intent of the professionals working there in becoming authors and characters in the process of building up and carrying out the PPP. The Project has been conceived in the light of the needs and intentionality of the community whose support comes from the participation and social control held by the students families and the community s power to force to action public administration central agencies aiming at having the State fulfill its responsibilities

A construção da ponte metálica sobre o Rio Pontengi: aspectos históricos, construtivos e de durabilidade - Natal/RN, Brasil (1912-1916) - estudo de caso

It is a case study that reports the construction of metal truss bridge in the river Potengi in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, between the years 1912 and 1916. From testimonials on steel bridges in Brazil and worldwide including foundations. Documentary research from procurement of projects and contracts was performed. A chronology of construction, with a description of the equipment used and its original budget with the Brazilian government. Still, we used interviews and surveys with experimental sampling / testimonies, laboratory tests. This study aims to analyze historically and technically the Bridge over the River Potengi, emphasizing primarily the construction process, the qualities and characteristics of the materials used and the technological, chemical, mineralogical and microstructural properties of cement and concrete used in its construction. Taking as conclusions that cements pozolônicos ensured a good durability to the concrete in a hundred-year period and that the solution employed with the compressed air caissons was right

Modelo de ashkin-teller de três cores na rede ponte de wheatstone

In this work we study the phase transitions of the ferromagnetic three-color Ashkin-Teller Model in the hierarquical lattice generated by the Wheatstone bridge using real space renormalization group approach. With such technique we obtain the phase diagram and its critical points with respective critical exponents v. This model presents four phases: ferromagnetic, paramagnetic and two intermediates. Nine critical points were found, three of which are of Ising model type, three are of four states Potts model type, one is of eight states Potts model type and the last two which do not correspond to any Potts model with integer number of states. iv