1000 resultados para EPILEPSIA-ETIOLOGIA


Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Acercar la epilepsia y estudiar los rasgos estereotipados con lo que se la define. 35 varones comprendidos entre 10 y 23 años. Psicodiagnóstico de Rorschach, láminas proyectivas del profesor Rodrigues Isidoro. A la luz del psicodiagnóstico de Rorschach y de las láminas proyectivas de Rodrigues Isidoro se comprueba que en el grupo estudiado hay una estructuración alterada de la personalidad. Parece que la clave del modo de ser del enfermo epiléptico es la inseguridad interior con que vivencia su propia corporalidad. Uno de los rasgos más característicos de su actividad intelectual es la perseveración. Es propio de una gran mayoría de ellos una afectividad egocéntrica, caracterizada por la labilidad impulsividad, y que no se ve suficientemente frenada al expresar el afecto de cara al exterior. No todos los epilépticos presentan cambios cambios de la personalidad aquí y ahora. Pueden encontrarse también con epilépticos con un nivel de inteligencia normal y aún elevada. Existe un claro paralelismo entre el grado de reducción del nivel intelectual y el grado de cambio de la personalidad. En el epiléptico deficiente mental la desestructuración de la personalidad es mucho más ostensible. Los cambios de personalidad epiléptica no son debidos solamente al anormal funcionamiento del sistema nervioso central, sino a los transtornos derivados de los conflictos de adaptación al medio, frente a los que reacciona con una serie de factores psicorreactivos. Aunque hoy se cuestiona la incidencia más o menos decisiva de los psicofármacos con los que habitualmente son medicados en esa misma desestructuración de la personalidad, se desconoce la importancia que haya podido tener este factor en los sujetos de la muestra.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A epilepsia é uma condição crônica freqüentemente acompanhada de distúrbio cognitivo. Na maior parte das vezes, é difícil saber o quanto isso se deve à patologia de base que provoca as crises epilépticas, as crises epilépticas por si ou ao seu tratamento com fármacos antiepilépticos (FAEs), bem como ao contexto sócio-cultural do paciente. A epilepsia do lobo temporal (ELT) freqüentemente afeta a função de memória, o que pode ser avaliada pelo seu correlato eletrofisiológico: a potenciação de longa duração (LTP, do inglês: long-term potentiation). O objetivo principal deste estudo foi o de avaliar a influência da epilepsia em si e dos FAEs sobre a potenciação de longa duração em CA1 do hipocampo de ratos controles e com epilepsia induzida pela pilocarpina. Foram realizados estudos eletrofisiológicos com registros de campo para análise da LTP induzida por estimulação tetânica em 64 fatias de hipocampo. A metade destas provenientes de ratos controle e as demais de ratos com ELT induzida pela pilocarpina. De cada rato utilizado (8 controles e 8 epilépticos) foram obtidos 4 registros, um controle com Ringer e os outros sob efeito de carbamazepina (CBZ), valproato (VPA) e etossuximida (ESM). Ao compararmos os ratos controle com os epilépticos encontramos uma tendência a maior facilidade de se obter LTP no primeiro grupo (65,6% e 40,6% respectivamente; p= 0,080). Ao analisarmos o efeito dos FAEs no hipocampo epiléptico encontramos uma significativa facilitação da LTP quando utilizamos a CBZ, além de uma maior dificuldade com a ESM (no 5o minuto pós-indução, p = 0,007; no 30o minuto, p = 0,034), o que não ocorreu nos ratos controle. Assim, concluímos que há uma tendência a maior dificuldade de se obter LTP em hipocampo epiléptico e que há diferentes efeitos com o uso dos FAEs; ocorrendo uma significativa facilidade de se obter LTP entre os ratos epilépticos sob efeito da CBZ e uma maior dificuldade com a ESM.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A Mancha Foliar de Phaeosphaeria é considerada uma das mais importantes moléstias do milho no Brasil. Atualmente, existem dúvidas quanto ao agente causal e o melhoramento genético tem dificuldade de desenvolver cultivares resistentes estáveis. Neste estudo os objetivos foram identificar os fungos causadores da moléstia, estudar a herança da resistência, sob infestação natural e artificial, e identificar marcadores moleculares ligados à resistência à moléstia. Quatro fungos foram associados às lesões de Phaeosphaeria. Phyllosticta sp., Phoma sorghina e Sporormiella sp. foram patogênicos e Phoma sp. não foi testado. Os fungos P. sorghina e Phoma sp. foram, respectivamente, o predominante e o menos freqüente na lesão para todos os quatro ambientes coletados. Phyllosticta sp. e Sporormiella sp. foram os de mais baixa freqüência e restritos a locais. Estudos sob infestação natural, com três cruzamentos, em um único ambiente e com três tipos de avaliação de severidade evidenciaram a presença de variabilidade genética para a resistência e proporcionaram estimativas de herdabilidade intermediárias (0,48-0,69). No estudo de médias de gerações o modelo aditivo-dominante explicou as bases genéticas da resistência, sendo a ação gênica de dominância a mais importante. A inoculação artificial de um cruzamento com Phyllosticta sp. e P. sorghina, confirmaram a presença de dominância. Nos estudos moleculares, a fenotipagem foi realizada sob infestação natural e para um único ambiente e a genotipagem com marcadores microssatélites. A percentagem de polimorfismo obtida foi de 36%, sendo que seis QTLs foram identificados. Estes resultados indicam que vários fungos estão envolvidos na produção dos sintomas da moléstia conhecida por Mancha Foliar de Phaeosphaeria e a composição de fungos na lesão pode variar conforme o ambiente. A estimativa de herdabilidade indica a possibilidade de êxito com a seleção em gerações segregantes, principalmente porque os efeitos gênicos preponderantes para a resistência envolvem aditividade e dominância. A análise de QTL permitiu explicar grande parte da variância fenotípica (80%) e genotípica (58%); entretanto, outros ambientes devem ser testados para a sua efetiva confirmação.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

OBJETIVO: Determinar a etiologia, epidemiologia e os fatores prognósticos de pneumonia adquirida na comunidade (PAC) em adultos imunocompetentes hospitalizados. MÉTODOS: Durante um período de 3 anos, foram estudados, prospectivamente, 110 pacientes consecutivos com diagnóstico de PAC. RESULTADOS: Sessenta e seis (60%) pacientes eram homens, a idade média foi de 54 anos, 42 (38,2%) eram maiores de 65 anos, 81 (73,6%) apresentavam comorbidades, 70 (63%) pertenciam às classes IV e V de Fine e 24 (21,8%) pacientes foram admitidos em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI). Um agente etiológico foi identificado em 60 (54,5%) casos, incluindo Streptococcus pneumoniae em 23 (20,9%) casos, Staphylococcus aureus em 14 (12,7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa em 7 (6,4%), Haemophilus influenzae em 5 (4,6%) e Legionella pneumophila em 5 (4,6%) casos, como os patógenos mais freqüentemente isolados. O uso de antimicrobianos previamente à admissão hospitalar ocorreu em 33,6% dos casos e foi significativamente associado com etiologia desconhecida. Houve 15 (13,6%) óbitos e três variáveis foram estatisticamente associadas ao desfecho: idade > 65 anos, índice de Fine V e IV e internação em UTI. Alterações no tratamento empírico inicial foram realizadas em 43 (39%) casos devido à obtenção do diagnóstico etiológico. CONCLUSÕES: Em nosso estudo, S. pneumoniae foi o principal agente etiológico de PAC, seguido de S. aureus e P. aeruginosa, que apresentaram freqüência elevada em indivíduos com pneumonia grave e/ou fatores de risco conhecidos. A determinação do agente etiológico serviu para otimizar o tratamento proposto pelos consensos e estimar a prevalência local dos patógenos.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The epilepsy is one of the neurological disorders more common in the pediatric period, and which interferes significantly in the psycho and social life of children and teenagers. The objective of this study was analyzing the practice of sedentary practices, physicals, traditional infant fun and games of children and teenagers with and without epilepsy. The study was prospective, transversal descriptive, done with 60 children and teenagers with epilepsy (Epileptic Group - EG) patients from Pediatric Neurology Clinic of the Centre Integrated Health Lineu Araújo and 60 children and teenagers without epilepsy (Control Group - CG) students from municipal public school, both of the two groups paired with the same age (age group 7 to 14 years) of both the genders (female = 25/41,6% and male = 35/58,3%) of the Teresina city Piauí. It was done two pattern questionnaires, one applied to children and teenagers of the EG and CG to identify the sedentary activities, physical and traditional infant games and other to the parents/responsible of the EG about the clinical and demographic information. The results permitted the elaboration of two manuscripts: a) the first one titled The Practice of Sedentary and Physical Activities of Children and Teenagers with Epilepsy which showed significant difference in the sedentary activities of playing with car toy (p=0,021) to the EG and reading to the CG (p=0,001); in the physical activities the school physical education (p=0,001) and riding a bike (p=0,014) to the CG; b) the second one The Practice of Infant Games and Fun the children and teenagers with and without Epilepsy in this one the playing with marble presented significant difference (p=0,016) to the CG, despite the girls of the two groups don t do this activity. Observing the distribution of frequencies, it was verified that in the play catch-up and hide-and-seek and burn the EG plays more than the CG both in female and male gender. The girls of the EG play less skip, 60 while the boys of the two groups don t play. Elastic jump the girls of the two groups play in a same frequency and the boys don t participate of this fun. The seizures were found to occur during: soccer (23,3%); hide-and-seek (6,6%) and running (3,3%). In the sedentary activities, seizures were reported to occur: resting and watching TV (18,3%), sleeping (36,0%); sitting (13,3%) and lying down (11,7%). Our results showed that the epileptic group and the controls group engage in the same activities, although the epileptic group participates less than the controls. Although the EG had presented a bigger percentage of generalized attacks, they don t occur during the practice of formal physical activities. The research was developed by a multidisciplinary team, and this contributed a lot to the realization of this study

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Epilepsy is a chronic disorder of the central nervous system, most frequently characterized by abnormal electrical impulses in the brain. It is the oldest recorded neurological disease and has been surrounded by myths, mistaken beliefs and preconceptions. Three professionals work with epileptic patients on a daily basis: teachers, physical educators and physicians . This study aimed to analyze and compare the level of knowledge, preconceptions and attitudes of undergraduate students in the courses of Pedagogy, Physical Education and Medicine, future professionals who will deal with epileptic patients. This descriptive observational study was conducted with 286 university undergraduates of both sexes (women 99/34.6% and men 187/65.4%) from the first to fourth year of Pedagogy, Physical Education and Medicine courses at the Universidade Estadual Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), with mean age of 23 years. A validated and adapted 17-question questionnaire, divided into nine knowledge-based questions, five related to preconceptions and three on attitudes, was applied. Results allowed elaboration of a manuscript entitled Comparative Analysis of Knowledge, Attitude and Preconceptions in University Undergraduates of Pedagogy, Physical Education and Medicine Courses in Relation to Epilepsy. The findings of this article show that knowledge of epilepsy in the three groups is very satisfactory. The low level of preconception indicates that educational or clarifying information is being transmitted, albeit by television, a layman s information vehicle, which has undoubtedly contributed to reducing the stigma of epilepsy through educational information. Results also suggest a lack of knowledge on how to act during a seizure, especially in education professionals. Although there are limitations in our sample, the relevance and contribution of this study is to call attention to the importance and need for these future professionals to be informed and learn correct attitudes with respect to epilepsy during their academic formation. This is essential at a time when the disease is being brought out of the shadows. This research was supported by the Office of the Dean of Teaching, and Deans of Pedagogy, Physical Education and Medicine at UERN. The research was made possible by the multidisciplinary interaction among a physical educator, child neurologist and statistician, all contributing to achieving the aims set out here

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Dermatomycoses are fungal infections that attack the skin, hair and nails, in addition to the mucosal and cutaneous-mucosal zones. Objective: Observe the frequency of dermatomycoses, identify etiological agents and establish an association between the results and sex. Age, collection site, time and lesion location. Methods: Between February, 2002 and December, 2004, samples were collected from patients at Giselda Trigueiro Hospital in Natal, Brazil, by lesion scraping and hair removal, following 70% alcohol disinfection, and submitted to direct and culture examination. Results: Of the 817 lesions collected, 325 (39.8%) were fungus positive, with the hair collection site yielding the highest number of positive results (65.8%) and the scalp and hair representing the most frequent lesion sites (65.9%). Negative results occurred mainly in the lower limbs (78.6%). Of the species identified, 55.9% were yeasts, 41.6% dermatophytes and 2.5% Fusarium spp. Non-albicans Candida was the most isolated yeast (43.3%), mainly in females (61.7%) over the age of 40 years (56.4%). T. rubrum was the most isolated dermatophyte (67.9%),notably in males (59.2%) in the 0-20 age group (44.7%). With respect to collection site, 73.9% of the dermatophytes were present in the skin and 61.1% of the yeasts in the nails. When assessing the collection site, the inguinocrural regional was 22.6% positive for dermatophytes, and the nails and hands, 41.8% for yeasts. Conclusions: The results obtained verified that: most of the positive lesions were found in the hair, whereas skin and nail lesions yielded more negative results; T. rubrum was the most isolated dermatophyte and non-albicans candida the most commonly found yeast; positivity was greater in males in the 0-20 year age group at the skin site and in the inguinocrural region, while yeasts were more frequent in females in the over-40 age group at the nail sites

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Epilepsies are neurological disorders characterized by recurrent and spontaneous seizures due to an abnormal electric activity in a brain network. The mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is the most prevalent type of epilepsy in adulthood, and it occurs frequently in association with hippocampal sclerosis. Unfortunately, not all patients benefit from pharmacological treatment (drug-resistant patients), and therefore become candidates for surgery, a procedure of high complexity and cost. Nowadays, the most common surgery is the anterior temporal lobectomy with selective amygdalohippocampectomy, a procedure standardized by anatomical markers. However, part of patients still present seizure after the procedure. Then, to increase the efficiency of this kind of procedure, it is fundamental to know the epileptic human brain in order to create new tools for auxiliary an individualized surgery procedure. The aim of this work was to identify and quantify the occurrence of epilepticform activity -such as interictal spikes (IS) and high frequency oscillations (HFO) - in electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals acutely recorded during the surgery procedure in drug-resistant patients with MTLE. The ECoG recording (32 channels at sample rate of 1 kHz) was performed in the surface of temporal lobe in three moments: without any cortical resection, after anterior temporal lobectomy and after amygdalohippocampectomy (mean duration of each record: 10 min; N = 17 patients; ethic approval #1038/03 in Research Ethic Committee of Federal University of São Paulo). The occurrence of IS and HFO was quantified automatically by MATLAB routines and validated manually. The events rate (number of events/channels) in each recording time was correlated with seizure control outcome. In 8 hours and 40 minutes of record, we identified 36,858 IS and 1.756 HFO. We observed that seizure-free outcome patients had more HFO rate before the resection than non-seizure free, however do not differentiate in relation of frequency, morphology and distribution of IS. The HFO rate in the first record was better than IS rate on prediction of seizure-free patients (IS: AUC = 57%, Sens = 70%, Spec = 71% vs HFO: AUC = 77%, Sens = 100%, Spec = 70%). We observed the same for the difference of the rate of pre and post-resection (IS: AUC = 54%, Sens = 60%, Spec = 71%; vs HFO: AUC = 84%, Sens = 100%, Spec = 80%). In this case, the algorithm identifies all seizure-free patients (N = 7) with two false positives. To conclude, we observed that the IS and HFO can be found in intra-operative ECoG record, despite the anesthesia and the short time of record. The possibility to classify the patients before any cortical resection suggest that ECoG can be important to decide the use of adjuvant pharmacological treatment or to change for tailored resection procedure. The mechanism responsible for this effect is still unknown, thus more studies are necessary to clarify the processes related to it

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Úlceras venosas são comuns na população adulta, causando significante impacto social e econômico devido a sua natureza recorrente e ao longo tempo decorrido entre sua abertura e cicatrização. Quando não manejadas adequadamente, as úlceras venosas têm altas taxas de falha de cicatrização e recorrência. Apesar da elevada prevalência e da importância da úlcera venosa, ela é freqüentemente negligenciada e abordada de maneira inadequada. Esta revisão discute abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica das úlceras venosas. O diagnóstico clínico baseia-se em história e exame físico, com ênfase nos sinais e sintomas associados e palpação dos pulsos dos membros inferiores. A ultra-sonografia Doppler deve ser utilizada para determinar o índice pressórico entre o tornozelo e o braço, e exames não invasivos, como o duplex scan, devem ser realizados para avaliar o sistema venoso superficial, profundo e perfurante. Para abordagem terapêutica são fundamentais os diagnósticos clínico e laboratorial corretos, além do diagnóstico e tratamento adequados das complicações das úlceras crônicas. Os esforços devem ser direcionados para a cicatrização da úlcera e, posteriormente, para evitar as recidivas. O grande avanço no conhecimento da fisiopatogenia das úlceras venosas tem permitido o desenvolvimento de novas modalidades de tratamento clínico e cirúrgico.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A retrospective study of etiology, antimicrobial susceptibility profile and multiple drug resistance, and major epidemiological aspects were investigated in 616 cases of canine otitis. Staphylococcus beta hemolitic (26.27%), Malassezia pachydermatis (12.35%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.8%) were the most common microorganisms identified. The isolates were susceptible mainly to norfloxacin (89.62%), gentamicin (83.25%), and ofloxacin (80.16%). High occurrence of resistance of isolates was observed to neomicin (30.84%) and cephalexin (27.63%). Multiple drug resistance to three or more and five or more of antimicrobials tested was observed in 34.9% and 15.5% of isolates, respectively. The cases of canine otitis occurred predominantly in first years of age, in mixed breeds animals, at autumn season. The presence of itch, bad smell, and secretion in ear conduct were the major signs observed at clinical examination.