Monitoring and all-optical signal processing techniques for transparent networks

Optical networks are under constant evolution. The growing demand for dynamism require devices that can accommodate different types of traffic. Thus the study of transparent optical networks arises. This approach makes optical networks more "elegant" , due to a more efficient use of network resources. In this thesis, the author proposes devices that intend to form alternative approaches both in the state of art of these same technologies both in the fitting of this technologies in transparent optical networks. Given that full transparency is difficult to achieve with current technology (perhaps with more developed optical computing this is possible), the author proposes techniques with different levels of transparency. On the topic of performance of optical networks, the author proposes two techniques for monitoring chromatic dispersion with different levels of transparency. In Chapter 3 the proposed technique seems to make more sense for long-haul optical transmission links and high transmission rates, not only due to its moderate complexity but also to its potential moderate/high cost. However it is proposed to several modulation formats, particularly those that have a protruding clock component. In Chapter 4 the transparency level was not tested for various modulation formats, however some transparency is achieved by not adding any electrical device after the receiver (other than an analog-digital converter). This allows that this technique can operate at high transmission rates in excess of 100 Gbit / s, if electro-optical asynchronous sampling is used before the optical receiver. Thus a low cost and low bandwidth photo-detector can be used. In chapter 5 is demonstrated a technique for simultaneously monitoring multiple impairments of the optical network by generating novel performance analysis diagrams and by use of artificial neural networks. In chapter 6 the author demonstrates an all-optical technique for controlling the optical state of polarization and an example of how all-optical signal processing can fully cooperate with optical performance monitoring.

Special section on intelligent control systems and signal processing

The IFAC International Conference on Intelligent Control Systems and Signal Processing (ICONS 2003) was organized under the auspices of the recently founded IFAC Technical Committee on Cognition and Control, and it was the first IFAC event specifically devoted to this theme. Recognizing the importance of soft-computing techniques for fields covered by other IFAC Technical Committees, ICONS 2003 was a multi-track Conference, co-sponsored by four additional Technical Committees: Computers for Control, Optimal Control, Control in Agriculture, and Modelling, Identification and Signal Processing. The Portuguese Society for Automatic Control (APCA) hosted ICONS 2003, which was held at the University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.

Intelligent control and signal processing

SYSID is organized every three years. This will be the first SYSID symposium in the 3rd millenium and the second SYSID symposium to take place in The Netherlands. The symposium covers all major aspects of system identification, experimental modelling, signal processing and adaptive control from theoretical and methodological developments to practical applications in a wide range of application areas. The aim of the meeting is to promote the research activities and the cooperation between researchers in these areas. To enhance the applications and industrial perspective of the symposium, participation from industrial authors is particularly encouraged. This will be the first Council meeting after the World Congress in Barcelona last year. The year that has passed has been very active indeed. Following the restructuring of the Technical Board which was endorsed in Barcelona, the 39 Technical Committees within the Technical Board have taken up their work and, after a year, we may say that work is proceeding very smoothly and a lot of activities are going on which will be reported on in greater detail after the meeting of the Technical Board in Rotterdam. The scopes of all these 39 Technical Committees have been revised and were published in Issue 1, 2003 of the IFAC Newsletter, which was published on the web. Shortly a document for download with all the scopes will be available on the web.

A Vector Signal Processing Approach to Color

Surface (Lambertain) color is a useful visual cue for analyzing material composition of scenes. This thesis adopts a signal processing approach to color vision. It represents color images as fields of 3D vectors, from which we extract region and boundary information. The first problem we face is one of secondary imaging effects that makes image color different from surface color. We demonstrate a simple but effective polarization based technique that corrects for these effects. We then propose a systematic approach of scalarizing color, that allows us to augment classical image processing tools and concepts for multi-dimensional color signals.

Signal processing of microstructure profiles: integrating turbulent spatial scales in aquatic ecological modeling

The main objective of this thesis was the integration of microstructure information in synoptic descriptors of turbulence, that reflects the mixing processes. Turbulent patches are intermittent in space and time, but they represent the dominant process for mixing. In this work, the properties of turbulent patches were considered the potential input for integrating the physical microscale measurements. The development of a method for integrating the properties of the turbulent patches required solving three main questions: a) how can we detect the turbulent patches from he microstructure measurements?; b) which are the most relevant properties of the turbulent patches?; and ) once an interval of time has been selected, what kind of synoptic parameters could better reflect the occurrence and properties of the turbulent patches? The answers to these questions were the final specific objectives of this thesis.

Are distortion levels a problem with digital signal processing hearing aids and frequency modulation (FM) systems?

The purpose of this study was to examine objective and subjective distortion present when frequency modulation (FM) systems were coupled with four digital signal processing (DSP) hearing aids. Electroacoustic analysis and subjective listening tests by experienced audiologists revealed that distortion levels varied across hearing aids and channels.

Compensatory signal processing for profoundly hearing-impaired listeners: the transmission of fundamental frequency

This paper reviews a study to determine the usefulness of signal processing along with lipreading in improving speech perception of profoundly hearing impaired persons.

High signal to noise ratio THz spectroscopy with ASOPS and signal processing schemes for mapping and controlling molecular and bulk relaxation processes

Asynchronous Optical Sampling has the potential to improve signal to noise ratio in THz transient sperctrometry. The design of an inexpensive control scheme for synchronising two femtosecond pulse frequency comb generators at an offset frequency of 20 kHz is discussed. The suitability of a range of signal processing schemes adopted from the Systems Identification and Control Theory community for further processing recorded THz transients in the time and frequency domain are outlined. Finally, possibilities for femtosecond pulse shaping using genetic algorithms are mentioned.

Digital signal processing of optical monitoring by means of a Kalman filter

A Kalman filter algorithm has been applied to interpret the optical reflectance excursions during vacuum deposition of infrared coatings and multilayer thin-film filters. The application has been described in detail elsewhere and this paper now reports on-line experience for estimating deposition rate and thickness. The estimation proved sufficiently reliable to firstly 'navigate' regular manufacture (as controlled by a skilled operator) and to subsequently reproduce the skill without interpretation or intervention whilst maintaining exemplary product quality. Optical control by means of this Kalman filter application is therefore considered suitable as a basis for the automated manufacture of infrared coatings and multilayer thin-film filters.

Use of the LMS adaptive signal processing technique to improve signal data rates from practical oil well logging equipment

The simulation and development work that has been undertaken to produce a signal equaliser used to improve the data rates from oil well logging instruments is presented. The instruments are lowered into the drill bore hole suspended by a cable which has poor electrical characteristics. The equaliser described in the paper corrects for the distortions that occur from the cable (dispersion and attenuation) with the result that the instrument can send data at 100 K.bits/second down its own suspension cable of 12 Km in length. The use of simulation techniques and tools were invaluable in generating a model for the distortions and proved to be a useful tool when site testing was not available.