Efeito residual de herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência em diferentes solos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência em gramíneas forrageiras

O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência sobre a produção e a qualidade de sementes de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu e Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk. Os herbicidas avaliados foram: diuron (800 e 1.600 g ha-1), ametryn (625 e 1.250 g ha-1), imazaquin (75 e 150 g ha-1), imazethapyr (50 e 100 g ha-1) e flumetsulam (70 e 140 g ha-1), além de uma testemunha sem aplicação de herbicidas. As espécies foram avaliadas separadamente no campo. Os experimentos foram instalados no delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os herbicidas ametryn (625 g ha-1), imazaquin (75 e 150 g ha-1), imazethapyr (50 e 100 g ha-1) e flumetsulam (70 e 140 g ha-1) foram os que proporcionaram maior seletividade às plantas de B. brizantha, enquanto para B. decumbens o diuron (800 e 1.600 g ha-1), o ametryn (625 e 1.250 g ha-1) e o imazethapyr (50 e 100 g ha-1) foram mais seletivos, destacando-se o diuron na menor dose. Contudo, os herbicidas avaliados não alteram a produção e a qualidade das sementes das forrageiras estudadas.

Influence of the iron source on the solar photo-Fenton degradation of different classes of organic compounds

In this work the influence of two different iron sources, Fe(NO3)(3) and complexed ferrioxalate (FeOx), on the degradation efficiency of 4-chlorophenol (4CP), malachite green, formaldehyde, dichloroacetic acid (DCA) and the commercial products of the herbicides diuron and tebuthiuron was studied. The oxidation of 4CP, DCA, diuron and tebuthiuron shows a strong dependence on the iron source. While the 4CP degradation is favored by the use of Fe(NO3)(3), the degradation of DCA and the herbicides diuron and tebuthiuron is most efficient when ferrioxalate is used. on the other hand, the degradation of malachite green and formaldehyde is not very influenced by the iron source showing only a slight improvement when ferrioxalate is used. In the case of formaldehyde, DCA, diuron and tebuthiuron, despite of the additional carbon introduced by the use of ferrioxalate, higher mineralization percentages were observed, confirming the beneficial effect of ferrioxalate on the degradation of these compounds. The degradation of tebuthiuron was studied in detail using a shallow pond type solar flow reactor of 4.5 L capacity and 4.5 cm solution depth. Solar irradiation of tebuthiuron at a flow rate of 9 L h(-1), in the presence of 10.0 mmol L-1 H2O2 and 1.0 mmol L-1 ferrioxalate resulted in complete conversion of this herbicide and 70% total organic carbon removal. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Multiresidue analysis of pesticides in water from rice cultures by on-line solid phase extraction followed by LC-DAD

An automated on-line solid phase extraction procedure followed by liquid chromatography with diode array detection was investigated for the determination of different classes of pesticides in water samples containing varied amount of humic substances. The different pesticides used were: carbendazin, carbofuran, atrazine, diuron, propanil, molinate, alachlor, parathion-ethyl, diazinon, trifluralin and the degradation products deisopropylatrazine and deethylatrazine. Humic substances extracted from a Brazilian sediment were used from 5 to 80 mg/l and their influence on recoveries was evaluated in neutral and acidic media. Recoveries higher than 70% were obtained for all the pesticides, from the preconcentration of 75 mi of aqueous sample fortified at 2 ng/ml using precolumns packed with PLRP-S. Good recoveries were obtained at neutral pH for most of the analytes up to 40 mg/l of humic acid. Only at 80 mg/l the recoveries were significantly affected, both at acidic and neutral pH. The method was applied to the determination of pesticides in river water spiked at 0.1 to 1 ng/ml. Detection limits obtained for water containing 10 mg/l of humic acid were between 0.05 and 0.3 ng/ml.

Influence of sugar cane vinasse on the sorption and degradation of herbicides in soil under controlled conditions

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Kinetic study of the plastoquinone pool availability correlated with H2O2 release in seawater and antioxidant responses in the red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii exposed to single or combined high light, chilling and chemical stresses

Under biotic/abiotic stresses, the red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii reportedly releases massive amounts of H2O2 into the surrounding seawater. As an essential redox signal, the role of chloroplast-originated H2O2 in the orchestration of overall antioxidant responses in algal species has thus been questioned. This work purported to study the kinetic decay profiles of the redox-sensitive plastoquinone pool correlated to H2O2 release in seawater, parameters of oxidative lesions and antioxidant enzyme activities in the red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii under the single or combined effects of high light, low temperature, and sub-lethal doses of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) and 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone (DBMIB), which are inhibitors of the thylakoid electron transport system. Within 24 h, high light and chilling stresses distinctly affected the availability of the PQ pool for photosynthesis, following Gaussian and exponential kinetic profiles, respectively, whereas combined stimuli were mostly reflected in exponential decays. No significant correlation was found in a comparison of the PQ pool levels after 24 h with either catalase (CAT) or ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities, although the H2O2 concentration in seawater (R = 0.673), total superoxide dismutase activity (R = 0.689), and particularly indexes of protein (R = 0.869) and lipid oxidation (R = 0.864), were moderately correlated. These data suggest that the release of H2O2 from plastids into seawater possibly impaired efficient and immediate responses of pivotal H2O2-scavenging activities of CAT and APX in the red alga K. alvarezii, culminating in short-term exacerbated levels of protein and lipid oxidation. These facts provided a molecular basis for the recognized limited resistance of the red alga K. alvarezii under unfavorable conditions, especially under chilling stress. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Eficácia do herbicida mesotrione aplicado no sistema de cana crua

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Tolerância de Digitaria ciliaris, Digitaria horizontalis e Digitaria nuda à herbicidas usados em cana-de-açúcar

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Influência do amicarbazone no fotossistema II de plantas daninhas e cana-de-açúcar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Seletividade de herbicidas para gramíneas forrageiras tropicais aplicados em pré e pós-emergência

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Recomendação de herbicidas na cultura da cana-de-açúcar baseada no potencial de sorção do solo e seu impacto econômico

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Tolerância de cana-de-açúcar a herbicidas avaliada pela diferença testemunha pareada e tratamento

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Tolerância de variedades de cana-de-açúcar a herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência e efeitos residuais sobre variedades de girassol

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Seleção de linhagens de basidiomicetos resistentes aos herbicidas atrazina e diurom -produção de enzimas ligninolíticas e degradação dos compostos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)