A FEM-based model to study the behaviour of corroded RC beams shear repaired by NSM CFRP rods technique

This paper presents the main features of finite element FE numerical model developed using the computer code FEMIX to predict the near-surface mounted NSM carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer CFRP rods shear repair contribution to corroded reinforced concrete RC beams. In the RC beams shear repaired with NSM technique, the Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) rods are placed inside pre-cut grooves onto the concrete cover of the RC beam’s lateral faces and are bonded to the concrete with high epoxy adhesive. Experimental and 3D numerical modelling results are presented in this paper in terms of load-deflection curves, failure modes and slip information of the tensile steel bars for 4 short corroded beams: two corroded beams (A1CL3-B and A1CL3-SB) and two control beams (A1T-B and A1T-SB), the beams noted with B were let repaired in bending only with NSM CFRP rods while the ones noted with SB were repaired in both bending and shear with NSM technique. The corrosion of the tensile steel bars and its effect on the shear capacity of the RC beams was discussed. Results showed that the FE model was able to capture the main aspects of the experimental load-deflection curves of the RC beams, moreover it has presented the experimental failure modes and FE numerical modelling crack patterns and both gave similar results for non-shear repaired beams which failed in diagonal tension mode of failure and for shear-repaired beams which failed due to large flexural crack at the middle of the beams along with the concrete crushing, three dimensional crack patterns were produced for shear-repaired beams in order to investigate the splitting cracks occurred at the middle of the beams and near the support.

Studying conformally flat spacetimes with an elastic stress energy tensor using 1+3 formalism

Conformally flat spacetimes with an elastic stress energy tensor having diagonal trace-free anisotropic pressure are investigated using 1+3 formalism. The 1+3 Bianchi and Jacobi identities and Einstein field equations are written for a particular case with a conformal factor dependent on only one spatial coordinate. Solutions with non null anisotropic pressure are obtained.

On simple bounds for eigenvalues of symmetric tridiagonal matrices

How much can be said about the location of the eigenvalues of a symmetric tridiagonal matrix just by looking at its diagonal entries? We use classical results on the eigenvalues of symmetric matrices to show that the diagonal entries are bounds for some of the eigenvalues regardless of the size of the off-diagonal entries. Numerical examples are given to illustrate that our arithmetic-free technique delivers useful information on the location of the eigenvalues.

Aplicação da linha de equilíbrio no planeamento e controlo da construção

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil

Análise experimental do comportamento ao corte de paredes reforçadas em alvenaria de BTC

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil

Implante de stent em bifurcação coronária

Descrevem-se dois casos de angioplastia transluminal coronária (ATC) com implante de stents em bifurcação de coronária descendente anterior (DA) com artéria diagonal (DI), destacando-se as técnicas utilizadas. No caso 1, implantou-se na DA um flexistent Gianturco-Roubin (GR) e através de suas hastes, um Palmaz-Schatz (PS) no óstio de DI, com sucesso. O reestudo angiográfico em sete meses mostrou ausência de reestenose. No caso 2, implantou-se metade de um stent PS em DA e outro PS em DI, nesta ordem, também com sucesso. No seguimento clínico de seis meses, paciente encontra-se assintomático.

Myocardial revascularization with coronary endarterectomy. Stratification of risk factors for early mortality

OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors for mortality related to myocardial revascularization when performed in association with coronary endarterectomy. METHODS: We assessed retrospectively 353 patients who underwent 373 coronary endarterectomies between January '89 and November '98, representing 3.73% of the myocardial revascularizations in this period of time. The arteries involved were as follows: right coronary artery in 218 patients (58.45%); left anterior descending in 102 patients (27.35%); circumflex artery in 39 patients (10.46%); and diagonal artery in 14 patients (3.74%). We used 320 (85.79%) venous grafts and 53 (14.21%) arterial grafts. RESULTS: In-hospital mortality among our patients was 9.3% as compared with 5.7% in patients with myocardial revascularizations without endarterectomy (p=0.003). Cause of death was related to acute myocardial infarction in 18 (54.55%) patients. The most significant risk factors for mortality identified were as follows: diabetes mellitus (p=0.001; odds ratio =7.168), left main disease (<0.001; 9.283), female sex (0.01; 3.111), acute myocardial infarction (0.02; 3.546), ejection fraction <35% (<0.001; 5.89), and previous myocardial revascularization (<0.001; 4.295). CONCLUSION: Coronary endarterectomy is related to higher mortality, and the risk factors involved are important elements of a poor outcome.

Transradial approach for coronary interventions

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility and safety of coronary interventions performed through the radial artery. METHODS: We studied 103 patients with ages from 38 to 86 years (57±8.7), 90 (87%) males, and: radial pulse with a good amplitude, presence of ulnar pulse, a good collateral flow through the palmar arch assessed with the Allen's test. RESULTS: The vascular approach was obtained in 97 (94%) patients, 88 (91%) treated electively and 9 (9%) during acute myocardial infarction, for primary angioplasty; 56 (64%) unstable angina; 22 (25%) stable angina; 10 (11%) were asymptomatic, 6 referred for recanalization of chronic occlusion and 4 silent ischemia in the first week after acute myocardial infarction. We approached 107 arteries: anterior descending artery, 49 (46%); right coronary artery, 27 (25%); circumflex artery, 25 (23%); diagonal artery, 6 (6%); and 2 saphenous vein bypass grafts. We treated 129 lesions: 80 (62%) B2 type; 23 (18%) B1 type; 17 (13%) C type; and 9 (7%). A type. There were 70 stents , and 59 balloon angioplasties performed. Thirty-two (33%) patients used GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors. The mean duration of the elective procedure was 42.3±12.8 min. Success, correct stent deployment and residual lesion <20%, was reached in 100% of the lesions treated with stent implantation; arterial dilation with residual lesion <50% was obtained in 96% of the lesions treated with transluminal coronary angioplasty (TCA). Complications, were: 1 (1.0%) non-Q-wave acute myocardial infarction; 2 (2%) hematomas in the forearm; and 2 losses of radial pulse. CONCLUSION: Radial artery aproach is practical and safe for percutaneous coronary interventions there was a low incidence of complications.

Kawasaki disease: involution of giant coronary aneurysms after prolonged anti-inflammatory treatment

The patient is a 5-year-old male with Kawasaki disease, whose involution of giant aneurysms of the left coronary arteries was surprising after a prolonged period of treatment, which lasted 80 uninterrupted days and comprised anti-inflammatory drugs associated with anticoagulation agents. The distal diameters of the anterior interventricular, the diagonal, and the circumflex arteries normalized by the end of the treatment. A residual giant aneurysm localized at the beginning of the anterior interventricular artery did not cause ischemia. Continuation of the medication for a prolonged period was recommended.

Os ramos ventriculares posteriores das artérias coronárias no homem

OBJETIVO: Descrever os ramos ventriculares posteriores no tecido adiposo epicárdico e propor um novo critério de análise da distribuição desses ramos, conforme a classificação tradicional, a fim de determinar a predominância ou o equilíbrio entre as artérias coronárias no suprimento arterial do coração. MÉTODOS: Dissecados 40 corações obtidos de necroscopias de adultos, fixados em solução de formol e a face posterior de cada ventrículo dividida em oito áreas, aproximadamente iguais, para a classificação morfológica da circulação coronariana. Foram considerados os três tipos tradicionais: A) dominância da direita, B) tipo balanceado e C) dominância da esquerda e analisados o número, o diâmetro e as áreas de terminação dos ramos ventriculares posteriores no epicárdio. RESULTADOS: Os ramos verificados e sua freqüência foram: ramo marginal esquerdo - 100%; ramos posteriores do ventrículo esquerdo: lateral - 75%, intermédio - 82,5% e medial - 87,5%; ramo interventricular posterior - 95%; ramos posteriores do ventrículo direito: medial - 40%, intermédio - 32,5% e lateral - 40%; ramo diagonal posterior do ventrículo direito - 17,5%; ramo marginal direito - 95%. Foram encontrados 62,5% de dominância da artéria coronária direita, 25% de tipo balanceado e 12,5% de dominância da coronária esquerda. CONCLUSÃO: O método adotado permitiu-nos uma classificação mais precisa dos casos analisados nos tipos de distribuição coronariana. O tipo de dominância da artéria coronária direita foi o prevalente, seguido do equilíbrio e da dominância esquerda.

Revascularização do miocárdio em paciente com situs inversus totalis

Relatamos o caso de um paciente com situs inversus totalis associado a coronariopatia obstrutiva em artérias descendente anterior e posterior, coronária direita, primeiro ramo diagonal e ramo marginal esquerdo, quadro condizente com a intervenção de revascularização do miocárdio. Esse procedimento não é freqüente na literatura médica, sendo encontrado apenas um relato na literatura brasileira. A revascularização do miocárdio foi realizada com a artéria mamária interna direita para a artéria descendente anterior, e uma ponte de safena para coronária direita, marginal esquerda, primeiro ramo diagonal e descendente posterior. A cirurgia foi realizada com o auxílio de circulação extracorpórea.

Descrição morfológica e implicações clínicas de pontes miocárdicas: um estudo anatômico em colombianos

FUNDAMENTO: Pontes miocárdicas representam uma fonte de discussão em pesquisa. Pontes miocárdicas são consideradas uma variação cardíaca vascular devido à sua intermitente ou repetida redução do lúmen arterial, com um possível efeito isquêmico. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a incidência de pontes miocárdicas na população miscigenada da Colômbia. MÉTODOS: 154 corações foram estudados, tendo sido extraídos em autópsias. As artérias coronárias foram injetadas com resina sintética e limpas através da extração da gordura pericárdica. RESULTADOS: 92 pontes miocárdicas foram observadas em 62 corações (40,3%). O comprimento médio das pontes era de 19,9 mm. As pontes miocárdicas variaram por artéria, de uma ponte em 42 corações (27,3%), duas pontes em 11 corações (7,2%), três pontes em oito corações (5,2%) e quatro pontes em um coração (0,7%). A maioria das pontes encontrava-se com a artéria interventricular esquerda em seus segmentos proximal e intermediário em 61 casos (39,6%) e com a artéria diagonal esquerda em 11 casos (7,2%). As artérias se exteriorizavam em porção anterior às pontes miocárdicas (segmento pré-ponte) em 50 casos (54,3%) da amostra, com uma média de 1,41 mm de calibre. Terceira artéria coronária estava presente em 46 casos (29,8%) do total da amostra. Uma freqüência maior de pontes miocárdicas foi encontrada em corações com terceira artéria coronária. CONCLUSÃO: É necessário considerar a importância clínica das variações, tendo em vista a distribuição arterial e as implicações clínicas relacionadas.

A molecular contribution to the controversial taxonomical status of some freshwater snails (Caenogastropoda: Rissooidea, Cochliopidae) from the Central Andes desert to Patagonia

For over 40 years malacologists have been discussing the taxonomical status of Heleobia species, an enigmatic genus from Cochliopidae family (Caenogastropoda: Rissooidea). As with other rissooidean families, the considerable character convergence and the paucity of anatomical synapomorphies has proved to be a problem in resolving cochliopid phylogenetic relations and establishing the validity of several nominal cochliopid species. Here we present a molecular contribution to solve the taxonomical status of one of the most abundant Southern South America cochliopid genera which has many endemic species. We report molecular evidence that supports three of the four Heleobia groups described for this region, the "australis", "parchappii" and "piscium" groups. The fourth, the "hatcheri" group, belongs not to Heleobia but to a different genus which itself should not be considered as part of the family Cochliopidae but closely related to genus Potamolithus Pilsbry & Rush, 1896.

A Thomason model structure on the category of small n-fold categories

We construct a cofibrantly generated Thomason model structure on the category of small n-fold categories and prove that it is Quillen equivalent to the standard model structure on the category of simplicial sets. An n-fold functor is a weak equivalence if and only if the diagonal of its n-fold nerve is a weak equivalence of simplicial sets. We introduce an n-fold Grothendieck construction for multisimplicial sets, and prove that it is a homotopy inverse to the n-fold nerve. As a consequence, the unit and counit of the adjunction between simplicial sets and n-fold categories are natural weak equivalences.

Sharp weighted bounds for fractional integral operators

The relationship between the operator norms of fractional integral operators acting on weighted Lebesgue spaces and the constant of the weights is investigated. Sharp bounds are obtained for both the fractional integral operators and the associated fractional maximal functions. As an application improved Sobolev inequalities are obtained. Some of the techniques used include a sharp off-diagonal version of the extrapolation theorem of Rubio de Francia and characterizations of two-weight norm inequalities.