Criação de empresas à luz do modelo de decisão effectuation: um estudo com mulheres empreendedoras no município de Currais Novos/RN

This study analysed the creation of businesses by entrepreneur women in the Currais Novos city, looking for verifying if they used making decision processes aligned to the Effectuation logic throughout the creation of their companies. To this, was accomplished a multiple cases and exploratory study, whit a qualitative approach of analyse, using the thematic life history technique that match accounts and semi-structured interview route, being accomplished like a long interview, where the researcher interact with the informer continuously. The semi-structured interview route was created by the adaptation of the interview route used by Tasic (2007). The present study appealed to a intentional selection of individuals in function of their importance in relation to the boarded theme. This means that the individuals were chosen in function of their social and theoretical representatively inside the considered situation. The participant individuals of this research were five entrepreneur women that act in the Currais Novos city, owners of five different companies. To the data treatment and analyse, was chosen the content analyse technique. This study worked with a priori theoretical categories. The categories of analyse in this study was obtained with base in the Effectuation approach (SARASVATHY, 2001a, 2001b, 2008), that is an alternative model of making decision to the classic model based in the causality principle. These categories are Clarity of Initial Aims , Tolerance to the Lost and Initials Investments , Control of Resources ( who I am , what I know and who I know ) and Promoting Over Contingencies . As result, the entrepreneur women researched, in a general way, hadn t clear initial aims at the companies creation moment, hadn t aversion to the risk to lose the time and the money that they were investing in the company in formation, they highlighted the products and services identity that offered with a strong link with Seridó region, they had experience in the field of activity in which they decided to open their companies, had the commitment of partners in the beginning of the business and they knew to transform the initial difficulties in opportunities. By the end, this study conclude that the entrepreneur women studied used, in a big part, making decision processes aligned to the Effectuation logic throughout the creation of their companies

Políticas de turismo e comunidade local no litoral potiguar

This research focuses on raise the discussion of existance tourism policies in Rio Grande do Norte and its contributions to the integration of local communities in the coastal tourist activity. Guided by the background of the neoliberalism and its influence on the model of tourism development adopted in Rio Grande do Norte. For that, were surveyed the concrete realities of coastal localities of the municipalities of Ceará-Mirim, Extremoz, Parnamirim and Nísia Floresta covered by Prodetur-RN I and II, by being part of the tourist portion of the state that have received domestic and international investment and, because are located in the geographical area of the Potiguar capital, Natal. We interviewed the municipal managers and the residents of local communities who live in municipalities more than ten years. Also, was raised a discussion on the role of the state as the main agent of public policies and hegemonic facilitator in the attraction of domestic and foreign investments, with the main scenario the neoliberal model of economic development. Here discuss ways and strategies of socio-political organization of local communities, with regard to the inclusion in the tourist and, pointing to the critical development model in question and signaling other concepts of development model, such as local basis, for example. By the ending of the research, was concluded that the model of development of the tourism in the Rio Grande do Norte is reflected of the way of life of the society, that the communities live in precarious conditions and that the way of inclusion in the tourism is almost incipient. Also, it was possible to detect the inexistence of public politics of tourism that promoted the planning of the tourist activity, as well as, the inclusion of the communities in the decision processes and that, searched the development on the basis of the principles of sustainable and local autonomy

Análise da influência do transporte coletivo intermunicipal suburbano na polarização de Araraquara e as regionalizações oficiais de governança do Estado de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

O novo ensino médio e o exercício da cidadania: controvérsias e desafios

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Estratégia de otimização para a melhoria da interpretabilidade de redes bayesianas: aplicações em sistemas elétricos de potência

A investigação de métodos, técnicas e ferramentas que possam apoiar os processos decisórios em sistemas elétricos de potência, em seus vários setores, é um tema que tem despertado grande interesse. Esse suporte à decisão pode ser efetivado mediante o emprego de vários tipos de técnicas, com destaque para aquelas baseadas em inteligência computacional, face à grande aderência das mesmas a domínios com incerteza. Nesta tese, são utilizadas as redes Bayesianas para a extração de modelos de conhecimento a partir dos dados oriundos de sistemas elétricos de potência. Além disso, em virtude das demandas destes sistemas e de algumas limitações impostas às inferências em redes bayesianas, é desenvolvido um método original, utilizando algoritmos genéticos, capaz de estender o poder de compreensibilidade dos padrões descobertos por essas redes, por meio de um conjunto de procedimentos de inferência em redes bayesianas para a descoberta de cenários que propiciem a obtenção de um valor meta, considerando a incorporação do conhecimento a priori do especialista, a identificação das variáveis mais influentes para obtenção desses cenários e a busca de cenários ótimos que estabeleçam valores, definidos e ponderados pelo usuário/especialista, para mais de uma variável meta.

O Conselho Estadual de Saúde - CES/PA - em foco: uma análise da participação e do controle social

Analisar o tipo de Participação e Controle Social exercidos no Conselho Estadual de Saúde no Estado do CES/PA no período de 2001 até 2009 foi objetivo central deste estudo, pois naquele momento duas leis regulamentavam o Conselho. A Lei Estadual N° 5.751/93 e a Lei Estadual N° 6.370/01 que contrariavam e eliminavam o princípio básico de participação da sociedade civil organizada para constituição e composição do CES/PA, listando explicitamente os nomes das entidades que poderiam ter assento no referido colegiado. Este foi o motivo pelo qual permaneceram as mesmas entidades naquele espaço, por mais de oito anos e as nomeações e posse de conselheiros ocorriam naturalmente por meio dos Decretos que os gestores entendessem necessários. Esta determinação na legislação negava a população paraense o direito de participar de um processo aberto e amplo de consulta popular na escolha de novas entidades e conselheiros a cada dois anos naquele colegiado. Esta prática contribuiu para que a sociedade paraense passasse a chamar ironicamente o CES/PA de "Conselho Biônico" a partir de 2001. Para execução desta dissertação elegeu-se a abordagem qualitativa, pois foi o método que melhor se adequou à análise de processos sociais. A pesquisa documental realizada nas atas, relatórios, decretos, portarias e outros documentos constituíram a análise empírica. Os resultados da pesquisa permitem concluir que: (1) o tipo de participação exercido no CES/PA nos nove anos pesquisados foi a da concepção liberal e o Controle Social foi o exercido pelo Estado sobre os setores da sociedade civil; (2) a relação que se estabeleceu entre Estado e os setores da sociedade civil organizada no Conselho foi aquela caracterizada pela cooptação da sociedade civil, convertendo-se num instrumento de colaboração, limitando-se o CES/PA a aprovar decisões tomadas antecipadamente pelo Estado; e (3) o protagonismo dos setores da sociedade civil nos processos decisórios e nas atividades do exercício de Participação e do Controle Social no Conselho revelou-se do tipo passivo.

Decisão de investimentos em projetos de pesquisa e desenvolvimento na indústria aeronáutica usando a teoria das opções reais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O papel da incerteza no planejamento de sistemas de educação a distância

A tarefa de projetar um sistema de educação a distância (SEAD) é um processo complexo devido ao número de componentes envolvidos, às diferentes visões e abordagens quanto à sua eficácia, aos valores em disputa, aos interesses em jogo e às decisões urgentes. Este trabalho, partindo da experiência constante de livros e artigos dos autores, faz um recorte na tese de doutoramento de um deles a fim de descrever a importância da análise de incertezas em programas de educação a distância, o que se acredita levar à redução da probabilidade de ocorrência de eventos indesejáveis e/ou inesperados em várias situações caracterizadas por ambientes complexos. Descreve-se a trajetória da incerteza na perspectiva da ciência e apresenta-se um referencial teórico para dar suporte à temática do planejamento de SEADs. São citadas, também, as formas como as incertezas podem incidir nos processos decisórios e de implantação de SEADs, tomando por base uma pesquisa realizada no estado do Pará. Estratégias foram especificadas na perspectiva de melhorar a articulação entre as iniciativas das diversas áreas, de modo a potencializar a participação dos diferentes atores e reforçar o papel da educação a distância como política pública para a inclusão social. Nas considerações finais, reforça-se a adaptabilidade da investigação para outras situações. O trabalho pretende ser uma contribuição na indicação de diretrizes estratégicas para subsidiar a implantação de SEADs.

Contribution to economic evaluation of systems that value animal welfare at farm

The demand for "welfare friendly" products increases as public conscience and perception on livestock production systems grow. The public and policy-makers demand scientific information for education and to guide decision processes. This paper describes some of the last decade contributions made by scientists on the technical, economical and market areas of farm animal welfare. Articles on animal welfare were compiled on the following themes: 1) consumer behavior, 2) technical and economical viability, 3) public regulation, and 4) private certification policies. Most studies on the economic evaluation of systems that promote animal welfare involved species destined to produce export items, such as eggs, beef and pork. Few studies were found on broilers, dairy cows and fish, and data regarding other species, such as horses, sheep and goats were not found. Scientists understand that farm animal welfare is not only a matter of ethics, but also an essential tool to gain and maintain markets. However, it is unfortunate that little attention is paid to species that are not economically important for exports. Studies that emphasize on more humane ways to raise animals and that provide economic incentives to the producer are needed. An integrated multidisciplinary approach is necessary to highlight the benefits of introducing animal welfare techniques to existing production systems.

Cost-effectiveness of introducing the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine into the universal immunisation of infants in Brazil

Background Cost-effectiveness studies have been increasingly part of decision processes for incorporating new vaccines into the Brazilian National Immunisation Program. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) in the universal childhood immunisation programme in Brazil. Methods A decision-tree analytical model based on the ProVac Initiative pneumococcus model was used, following 25 successive cohorts from birth until 5 years of age. Two strategies were compared: (1) status quo and (2) universal childhood immunisation programme with PCV10. Epidemiological and cost estimates for pneumococcal disease were based on National Health Information Systems and literature. A 'top-down' costing approach was employed. Costs are reported in 2004 Brazilian reals. Costs and benefits were discounted at 3%. Results 25 years after implementing the PCV10 immunisation programme, 10 226 deaths, 360 657 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), 433 808 hospitalisations and 5 117 109 outpatient visits would be avoided. The cost of the immunisation programme would be R$10 674 478 765, and the expected savings on direct medical costs and family costs would be R$1 036 958 639 and R$209 919 404, respectively. This resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of R$778 145/death avoided and R$22 066/DALY avoided from the society perspective. Conclusion The PCV10 universal infant immunisation programme is a cost-effective intervention (1-3 GDP per capita/DALY avoided). Owing to the uncertain burden of disease data, as well as unclear long-term vaccine effects, surveillance systems to monitor the long-term effects of this programme will be essential.

Customer Evolution in Sales Channel Migration

This research has been triggered by an emergent trend in customer behavior: customers have rapidly expanded their channel experiences and preferences beyond traditional channels (such as stores) and they expect the company with which they do business to have a presence on all these channels. This evidence has produced an increasing interest in multichannel customer behavior and it has motivated several researchers to study the customers’ channel choices dynamics in multichannel environment. We study how the consumer decision process for channel choice and response to marketing communications evolves for a cohort of new customers. We assume a newly acquired customer’s decisions are described by a “trial” model, but the customer’s choice process evolves to a “post-trial” model as the customer learns his or her preferences and becomes familiar with the firm’s marketing efforts. The trial and post-trial decision processes are each described by different multinomial logit choice models, and the evolution from the trial to post-trial model is determined by a customer-level geometric distribution that captures the time it takes for the customer to make the transition. We utilize data for a major retailer who sells in three channels – retail store, the Internet, and via catalog. The model is estimated using Bayesian methods that allow for cross-customer heterogeneity. This allows us to have distinct parameters estimates for a trial and an after trial stages and to estimate the quickness of this transit at the individual level. The results show for example that the customer decision process indeed does evolve over time. Customers differ in the duration of the trial period and marketing has a different impact on channel choice in the trial and post-trial stages. Furthermore, we show that some people switch channel decision processes while others don’t and we found that several factors have an impact on the probability to switch decision process. Insights from this study can help managers tailor their marketing communication strategy as customers gain channel choice experience. Managers may also have insights on the timing of the direct marketing communications. They can predict the duration of the trial phase at individual level detecting the customers with a quick, long or even absent trial phase. They can even predict if the customer will change or not his decision process over time, and they can influence the switching process using specific marketing tools

VHB-JOURQUAL2: Method, Results, and Implications of the German Academic Association for Business Research's Journal Ranking

VHB-JOURQUAL represents the official journal ranking of the German Academic Association for Business Research. Since its introduction in 2003, the ranking has become the most influential journal evaluation approach in German-speaking countries, impacting several key managerial decisions of German, Austrian, and Swiss business schools. This article reports the methodological approach of the ranking’s second edition. It also presents the main results and additional analyses on the validity of the rating and the underlying decision processes of the respondents. Selected implications for researchers and higher-education institutions are discussed.

Applying prospect theory to predict new venture creation

Although prior research on new venture creation has identified several antecedents that differentiate entrepreneurs from non-entrepreneurs, scholars still have an incomplete understanding of the factors and decision processes that lead an individual to become an entrepreneur. By applying prospect theory, we introduce the reference point as an important antecedent of new venture creation. Testing our research model and hypotheses with entrepreneurs and employees, results show that entrepreneurs set more aspiring reference points and therefore find themselves more often in a perceived loss situation. Results are also robust when testing for entrepreneurial intention of business graduate students. According to prospect theory, the perceived loss triggers more risk-seeking behavior. Summing up, the reference point has a positive effect on new venture creation and differentiates entrepreneurs from nonentrepreneurs. We discuss theoretical and managerial implications of the findings and develop avenues for future research.

An fMRI-Study on context-specificity of inhibitory functions in alcohol-dependency: Preliminary results

Introduction: Alcohol-dependency is a common disease with many negative consequences in the daily life. A typical symptom of alcoholic-patients is the persistent and uncontrollable desire to consume alcohol. Inspite of different treatments, alcohol-dependency has a relapse rate of about 85%. This high rate is facilitated by a dysfunction of cognitive control-processes. In order to understand this disease sustaining factor, the present study investigated the neurophysiological correlates of inhibition of alcoholic-patients in a neutral as well as an alcohol-related context. Methods: A total of 18 participants, (9 alcohol-dependent-patients (age range: 27-62 years), 9 healthy controls (age range: 29-60 years)) have been measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging while they participated in an alcohol-specific Go/NoGo-Task. Neurophysiological correlates of inhibition in an alcohol-related as well as a neutral context were compared in both groups. Results: When comparing correct stop-trials in alcohol-related to neutral context, only alcohol-dependent patients showed significant hyperactivation in frontal regions (superior and medial gyrus frontalis, anterior gyrus cinguli, gyrus paracentralis and the gyrus praecentralis). No significant differences were found in any of the behavioral analyses. Discussion: These preliminary results thus indicate that successful inhibition in a drug-related context demands additional resources in patients. Especially the hyperactivation of the anterior gyrus cinguli might be important because of its involvement in decision-processes. In the absent of deficits in behavioral data, this suggests that alcohol-dependent patients need more neuronal activity to achieve the same performance-level like healthy controls.