979 resultados para Daunou, P. C. F. (Pierre Claude François), 1761-1840.


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"Publiée par Jean Goulin"--Barbier, Dictionnaire des ouvrages anonymes.

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Vol. 3 has title: Théâtre posthume de M. J. Chénier, prcédé de Considerations sur la liberté du théâtre en France.

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Measurements of the ratio of diffusion coefficient to mobility (D/ mu ) of electrons in SF6-N2 and CCl2F2-N2 mixtures over the range 80p<200 (where E is the electric field in V cm-1 and p is the pressure in Torr reduced to 20 degrees C) are reported. Values of (E/p)c.mix (the critical E/p of the mixture, where alpha = eta ), and the electron mean energies epsilon c.mix corresponding to (E/p)c.mix, are found to vary with the percentage of the electronegative gas in the mixture (F) according to the following relationship: (E/p)c.mix=(E/p)c.N(2)+((E/p)c.A-(E/p)c.N(2)) (1-exp(- beta F/100-F)) and epsilon c.mix= epsilon c.N(2)+( epsilon c.A- epsilon c.N(2)) (1-exp(- beta F/100-F)) where A refers to the attaching gas, either SF6 or CCl2F2 and beta is a constant, equal to 2.43 for SF6 mixtures and 5.12 for CCl2F2 mixtures. In the present study, it has been possible to show that beta is indeed to a factor of synergism. Estimated gamma values (secondary ionisation coefficients) did not show any significant variation with F for F<50.

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Se realizó un ensayo en el Centro Experimental del Algodón (CAL) Posoltega en la época de postrera de 1988 en el cultivo de soya (Glyceni Max) L Merr) C. V: Cristalina, con el objetivo de determinar la influencia de diferentes métodos de control de malezas sobre el comportamiento de ls cenosis, el crecimiento y el rendimiento de la soya y determinar el efecto de la inoculación sobre cenosis, el crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo. Se utilizó un diseño de parcelas divididas en bloques al Azar con cuatro réplicas utilizando soya inoculada y sin inocular y tres métodos de control de malezas; La abundancia y la dominancia de malezas fue mayor en soya inoculada y en el control químico con remesaren (Flex 0.70 lts/ha P.C.) ; la diversidad fue similar en los dos tipos de soya; pero el control por periodo crítico (b2) aumento la diversidad a la cosecha superando hasta en 31.2% al control químico (B1). C. rotundus fue la maleza más abundante en todo el ciclo del cultivo. La altura de planta y el número de planta /m2, fueron en soya sin inoculante (a2) con diferencias significativas, para el • número de ramas /plantas • de vainas/planta, peso de 1000 semillas (g), rendimientos (kg/ha), peso seco de la paja (kg/ha). Diámetro del tallo (mm) y altura de inserción de la primera vaina para los dos tipos de soya no se presentaron diferencia estadísticas: El control químico (b1) fue superado en la altura de la planta (cm), pero seca de la paja (Kg/ha), diámetro del tallo (mm), • de vainas/planta y peso de 1000 semillas (g) por los otros dos métodos (b3 y b2), con diferencias significativas. No se encuentra ron diferencias significativas para el • de nódulos/planta y peso seco de nódulos/planta en los niveles de soya y en los diferentes métodos químicos(b1) fue superado significativamente en • de nódulos/plantas por el control en periodo critico (b2). Influencia de diferentes Métodos de control de malezas en soya (Glycine max L Merr) C.V. Cristalina, inoculada y sin inoculante.

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<p>A series of C<sub>s- and C<sub>1-symmetric doubly-linked ansa-metallocenes of the general formula {1,1'-SiMe2-2,2'-E-('ƞp>5p>-C<sub>5H2-4-Rp>1p>)-(ƞp>5p>-C<sub>5H-3',5'-(CHMe2)2)}ZrC<sub>2 (E = SiMe2 (1), SiPh2 (2), SiMe2 -SiMe2 (3); Rp>1p> = H, CHMe2, C<sub>5H9, C<sub>6H11, C<sub>6H5) has been prepared. When activated by methylaluminoxane, these are active propylene polymerization catalysts. 1 and 2 produce syndiotactic polypropylenes, and 3 produces isotactic polypropylenes. Site epimerization is the major pathway for stereoerror formation for 1 and 2. In addition, the polymer chain has slightly stronger steric interaction with the diphenylsilylene linker than with the dimethylsilylene linker. This results in more frequent site epimerization and reduced syndiospecificity for 2 compared to 1. p> <p>C<sub>1-Symmetric ansa-zirconocenes [1,1 '-SiMe2-(C<sub>5H4)-(3-R-C<sub>5H3)]ZrCl2 (4), [1,1 '-SiMe2-(C<sub>5H4)-(2,4-R2-C<sub>5H2)]ZrCl2 (5) and [1,1 '-SiMe2-2,2 '-(SiMe2-SiMe2)-(C<sub>5H3)-( 4-R-C<sub>5H2)]ZrCl2 (6) have been prepared to probe the origin of isospecificity in 3. While 4 and 3 produce polymers with similar isospecificity, 5 and 6 give mostly hemi-isotactic-like polymers. It is proposed that the facile site epimerization via an associative pathway allows rapid equilibration of the polymer chain between the isospecific and aspecific insertion sites. This results in more frequent insertion from the isospecific site, which has a lower kinetic barrier for chain propagation. On the other hand, site epimerization for 5 and 6 is slow. This leads to mostly alternating insertion from the isospecific and aspecific sites, and consequently, a hemi-isotactic-like polymers. In comparison, site epimerization is even slower for 3, but enchainment from the aspecific site has an extremely high kinetic barrier for monomer coordination. Therefore, enchainment occurs preferentially from the isospecific site to produce isotactic polymers. p> <p>A series of cationic complexes [(ArN=CR-CR=NAr)PtMe(L)]p>+p>[BF<sub>4]p>+p> (Ar = aryl; R = H, CH3; L = water, trifluoroethanol) has been prepared. They react smoothly with benzene at approximately room temperature in trifluoroethanol solvent to yield methane and the corresponding phenyl Pt(II) cations, via Pt(IV)-methyl-phenyl-hydride intermediates. The reaction products of methyl-substituted benzenes suggest an inherent reactivity preference for aromatic over benzylic C-H bond activation, which can however be overridden by steric effects. For the reaction of benzene with cationic Pt(II) complexes, in which the diimine ligands bear 3,5-disubstituted aryl groups at the nitrogen atoms, the rate-determining step is C-H bond activation. For the more sterically crowded analogs with 2,6-dimethyl-substituted aryl groups, benzene coordination becomes rate-determining. The more electron-rich the ligand, as reflected by the CO stretching frequency in the IR spectrum of the corresponding cationic carbonyl complex, the faster the rate of C-H bond activation. This finding, however, does not reflect the actual C-H bond activation process, but rather reflects only the relative ease of solvent molecules displacing water molecules to initiate the reaction. That is, the change in rates is mostly due to a ground state effect. Several lines of evidence suggest that associative substitution pathways operate to get the hydrocarbon substrate into, and out of, the coordination sphere; i.e., that benzene substitution proceeds by a solvent- (TFE-) assisted associative pathway. p>

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元素化学计量学指从化学计量学的角度出发,通过分析比较生命物质不同结构层次(分子、细胞、器官、机体、种群、群落等)或生态系统中元素的相对比值,来研究各层次相互之间以及生态学过程中元素之间的关系。生态化学计量学研究可以把生态实体的各个层次存元素水平上统一起来,足近年来新兴的一个生态学研究领域,广泛应用于生态学研究中。CN,P生物地球化学循环中的重要元素,在生态系统中占有重要地位,许多环境问题都与它们有关,由此这三种元素的化学计量学受到生态学家们的普遍关注。C:N:P学计量学在水生生态系统中研究较为深入,目前已发展到染色体水平,而在陆地生态系统中的研究较为匮乏近年来由于人类活动的强烈影响,这三种元素的循环在速度和规模上都发生了前所未有的改变,导致一系列环境问题的出现,因此CN:P学计量学在陆地生态系统中的研究就显得尤为重要。作为地球生命存在基础的绿色植物,在地球上已有数亿年的演化历史,研究陆地植物的元素化学计量学不仅有助于深入了解植物存在于地球上的内在机制,而且可以为许多环境问题的解决提供理论依据。本文首先建立中国不同地区植物氮磷含量数据库,通过数据分析找出一般规律,并进一步揭示植物不同进化阶段N:P学计量比的变化规律。在此基础上,通过在内蒙古羊草草原设立不同施肥样地来模拟自然界不同氮磷环境,从试验水平上研究不同施肥处理及施肥梯度下生态系统中氮、磷、有机质的变化规律,并从化学计量学角度研究其内在机制。 利州新建成的中国维管植物数据库(包含1603种植物)研究了不同进化水平以及不同功能群(生活型)间植物N:P的变化规律,并沿胡焕庸线(胡线)把中团分为为东西两部分,从总体水平上对比了东、西部间叫植物氮磷含量以及N:P异同。结果表明:l)从演化水平来看,尽管氮磷含量表现出极大的差异,除豆科植物外,植物N:P本保持稳定水平;2)木本植物与草本植物的N:P差异.显著,木本植物之间(常绿乔木,常绿灌木,落叶乔木,落叶灌木)N:P具有显著差异;3)中国东西部植物养分含量和N:P表现出极显著差异,东部的养分含量低于西部,而N:P著高于西部。 在内蒙古羊草草原两块永久实验样地(样地A:1980年围封样地和样地B:1999年田封样地)进行了为期两年的N素和P添加试验。氮素添加梯度为0,5,15,30,50,80 g NHN03.m.2.yr-1。P添加梯度为0,2,4,8,16,and 32 g P2Osm-2 yr-1(仪分析了羊草器官的结果)。分别从植物器官、物种、功能群水平研究了N素添加对N:P学计量学的影响,此外还研究了土壤和凋落物CN:P学计量学对N素添加的响应。结合生物量的变化趋势,探讨了元素化学计量学对养分状况的指示作用。 1.羊草器官对施肥的响应结果表明,添加N素可以显著提高羊草器官中的含N量,p可以显著提高器官中的含P:除2001年样地A中的根茎外,根茎中的含P基本不受N素添加的影响;茎中的含P同样表现出不受N素添加影响的趋势(2000年B区茎除外):N素添加可以显著增大羊草叶片中的含P(B区2000年叶片除外)。P添加对羊草器官的含N量没有影响;羊草器官中的氮磷含量施肥处理下表现出显著的正相关关系(N素添加下B区叶片除外)。N素添加对羊草器官的N:P没有显著影响(A区茎2000年和B区叶片2000年除外):P添加显著降低了羊草器官中的N:P。 2.四种优势植物(羊草、羽茅、针茅和苔草)地上生物量和N:P学计量学对氮肥的响应研究发现,四个物种的氮磷含量均具有极显著相关关系;氮肥可以显著提高样地A中的羽茅生物量,降低苔草的生物量,而使样地B中的羊草生物量增大;两块样地中,四个物种的氮磷含量及N:P均随N素水平的增高而增大(样地A中的羽茅N:P除外)。 3.基于生活型划分的功能群(多年生根茎禾草,多年生丛生禾草,豆科植物,多年生杂类草,一二年生植物,灌木和半灌木)对N素添加的响应研究表明:施N可以提高样地A中的多年生丛生禾草的生物量,而使样地B中的多年生根苇禾草增加;多年生杂类草的相对多度在两个样地中均随施氨水平的增加而显著 降低:在样地B中,施氮可以显著提高不同功能群的氮磷含量;在样地A中,功能群N、P量对施肥的响应并没有一致的变化规律,添加N素可以显著提高不同功能群的含N量(豆科植物除外),多年生根茎禾草和多年生杂类草的P量有显著增大的趋势(P < 0.005),而其它功能群(豆科植物、灌木和小半灌木、多年生杂类草和~二年生杂类草)的P量基本恒定(P>0.05);在样地A中,多年生丛生禾草,多年生杂类草,一二年生植物,灌木和半灌木的N:P随施氨水平的增加而显著增大,多年生根茎禾草和豆科植物的N:P基本不变;在样地B中,多年生丛生禾草的N:P随施氨水平的增加而显著增大,多年生根茎禾草、多年生杂类草和…二年生杂类草不受施氨水平的影响。 4.添加N素对根实验结果表明:两块样地中,上层根(0-10 cm)的生物量仅在施N后第一年显著增加,而下层根(10-20 cm)的地下生物量在两年的施N处理下均不受施肥梯度的影响i在样地A中,施肥后第一年对根的N、P量影响不显著,施肥后第二年可以显著增大上层根的N、P量;在样地B中,添加N素后第一年可以显著增大根的含P; 在两个样地中,两年的N肥处理对根的N:P没有显著影响:在施氨处理中,根的N、P量及N:P在施肥第一年的响应要高于第二年。 5.所有处理中,上层土壤(O-lO cm)养分含量(有机碳,全氮,全磷)均高于下层土壤(10-20 cm);在样地A中,氮素添加对r十壤有机碳没有显著性作用,在施肥第一年可以显著增加上层土壤的N、P量,而在施肥后第二年对土壤N、P量没有显著影响;在样地B中,添加N素对两年的土壤养分均没有显著影响:养分添加两个样地土壤中的元素比值(C:N比,C:P,N:P)没有显著影响;土壤养分对施N一年后的响应要高于第二年。 6.养分添加对凋落物化学特征及化学计量学特征的影响研究结果表明:凋落物现存量不受施肥的影响;2001年凋落物现存量与2000年和2001年的地上生物量相关关系不显著;添加N素可以显著提高凋落物的N含量,而对有机碳含量和P量没有显著影响;凋落物CN比随施肥梯度的增大而显著降低,N:P显著增高,而C:P没有明显变化。 以上研究结果表明,不同植物功能群的N:P存在差异,人类活动强烈影响自然植被中的植物N:P;但植物的N:P不受植物进化的影响(豆科植物除外);由于植物已有数亿年的演化历史,同时N与P植物的结构和功能上具有密切的联系,在生物地球化学循环中办存在耦合作用。因此植物N:P值恒定可能是一普适性规律。 N素添加试验表明,在植物根、地上器官、物种和功能群水平上N与P呈显著正相关关系,反映了植物体内的氮磷含量具有协同作用。共存种对N肥的响应不同,表明物种受不同元素的制约。因此除非把生态系统中所有物种对施肥的响应刻画清楚,笼统的认定生态系统缺乏某种元素是不适当的。 施肥试验表明,两种围封时间样地的主要限制性元素不同。极度退化(样地B)植物生长主要缺N,而在保护较好样地(样地A),P逐步成为一种限制因素。反映了随着保护时间的增加,植物生长逐渐由N限制型向N、P同限制型过渡。添加的养分要么被植物吸收,挥发到大气中,或以凋落物的形式返还到土壤表层。但是对养分的预算有待于进一步研究。土壤中的养分含量对N素添加有…个滞后效应,而植物响应较为迅速。功能群N:P在施肥实验中不能保持恒定,可能是由于实验时间较短的缘故;化学计量学的研究表明羊草草原分解凋落物的微生物受P的制约,可能是由于植物体内具有高的P再转运机制。这一结论有待于进一步的验证。氮肥降低了凋落物的C:N比,因此凋落物的分解速率可能将要发生改变。这需要进一步开展C环的研究。

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AMPS simulator, which was developed by Pennsylvania State University, has been used to simulate photovoltaic performances of nc-Si:H/c-Si solar cells. It is shown that interface states are essential factors prominently influencing open circuit voltages (V-OC) and fill factors (FF) of these structured solar cells. Short circuit current density (J(SC)) or spectral response seems more sensitive to the thickness of intrinsic a-Si:H buffer layers inserted into n(+)-nc-Si:H layer and p-c-Si substrates. Impacts of bandgap offset on solar cell performances have also been analyzed. As DeltaE(C) increases, degradation of VOC and FF owing to interface states are dramatically recovered. This implies that the interface state cannot merely be regarded as carrier recombination centres, and impacts of interfacial layer on devices need further investigation. Theoretical maximum efficiency of up to 31.17% (AM1.5,100mW/cm(2), 0.40-1.1mum) has been obtained with BSF structure, idealized light-trapping effect(R-F=0, R-B=1) and no interface states.