Dissolved uranium, radium and radon evolution in the Continental Intercalaire aquifer, Algeria and Tunisia

Natural, dissolved U-238-series radionuclides (U, Ra-226, Rn-222) and activity ratios (A.R.s: U-234/U-238; Ra-228/Ra-226) in Continental Intercalaire (Cl) groundwaters and limited samples from the overlying Complexe Terminal (CT) aquifers of Algeria and Tunisia are discussed alongside core measurements for U/Th (and K) in the contexts of radiological water quality, geochemical controls in the aquifer, and water residence times. A redox barrier is characterised downgradient in the Algerian Cl for which a trend of increasing U-234/U-238 A.R.s with decreasing U-contents due to recoil-dominated U-234 solution under reducing conditions allows residence time modelling similar to 500 ka for the highest enhanced A.R. = 3.17. Geochemical modelling therefore identifies waters towards the centre of the Grand Erg Oriental basin as palaeowaters in line with reported C-14 and Cl-36 ages. A similar U-234/U-238 trend is evidenced in a few of the Tunisian CI waters. The paleoage status of these waters is affirmed by both noble gas recharge temperatures and simple modelling of dissolved, radiogenic He-4-contents both for sampled Algerian and Tunisian CI and CT waters. For the regions studied these waters therefore should be regarded as "fossil" waters and treated effectively as a non-renewable resource. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Dar corpo à didática: diálogos internacionais

The article uses theoretical approaches as simplexity, neuroscience and enactivism to discuss everyday classroom activities. It tries to transpose the classical bipolar division between mind and body, through these approaches in cognitive science. Two experiments on the body’s role in teaching are presented to demonstrate the relevance of the awareness of the body, to improve performance in the classroom. The first experiment uses neurofeedback to measure the body temperature, as a means to understand the role of the body in self-regulation and control of the attention. The second uses a bracelet multi-sensor, which provides data on the energy spent by the teacher in daily activities in the classroom. Italian and Brazilian researchers cooperate in this experimental path of inclusive teaching, to be used in classes with children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Challenges for an Integrated Water Resource Management in the Merguellil basin (Tunisia)

La risorsa acqua in zone semi-aride è sottoposta a un'estrema variabilità climatica nello spazio e nel tempo. La gestione della risorsa acqua è quindi soggetta a un insieme di sfide quando i vincoli naturali vengono uniti agli effetti indotti da attività umana come per esempio l'aumento dello sfruttamento dell'acqua di sottosuolo, cambiamento dell'uso del suolo e presenza di infrastruttura mista. Si spera che il cambiamento climatico e l'attività risultanti dallo sviluppo economico, a corto termine aumentino la pressione su un sistema ormai sensibile. Se pianificato e gestito correttamente, lo stoccaggio dell'acqua, nelle sue varie forme, funge come un meccanismo di controllo della variabilità climatica e può potenziare la capacità adattiva. Lo uadi Merguellil è un corso d'acqua a carattere non perenne al centro della Tunisia, più specificamente a est della città di Kairouan. Il Merguellil drena la pioggia sulla dorsale Tunisina insieme al uadi Zeroud e Nebhana, ed è tra i principali fiumi che scorre sulla piana di Kairouan. Lo stoccaggio dell'acqua nel bacino assume diverse forme come i laghi collinari, i terrazzi, acqua di sottosuolo e una diga. Alcune delle opzioni per lo stoccaggio dell'acqua sono state costruite per preservare la risorsa acqua, mantenere la popolazione rurale e mantenere l'equità tra le zone a monte ed a valle ma solitamente non è mai stata fatta un'analisi comprensiva dei "trade-offs" coinvolti in tali sviluppi. Anche se la ricerca è sviluppata in questa zona, finora nessuna analisi ha cercato di combinare le dinamiche del sistema idrologico con scenari gestionali. L'analisi di scenari gestionali consente ai decisori di valutare delle alternative di pianificazione e può incrementare positivamente la loro abilità di creare delle politiche che si basino sulle necessità fisiche ma anche sociali di un particolare sistema. Questo lavoro è un primo passo verso un Sistema di Gestione Integrata della Risorsa Idrica (inglese: IWMR) capace di mettere in prospettiva strategie future su diverse scale. L'uso di uno strumento metodologico illustra le sfide associate nell'affrontare questo compito. In questo caso, un modello WEAP (Water Evaluation and Planning System) è stato sviluppato in collaborazione con partners Tunisini in modo da integrare le conoscenze su processi fisici e valutare diverse tendenze come l'aumento dell'irrigazione o il cambio di alcuni aspetti climatici. Lo strumento ora è disponibile ai ricercatori locali dove potrà essere sviluppato ulteriormente a fine di indirizzare domande più specifiche. Questo lavoro focalizza lo stoccaggio dell'acqua per poter evidenziare le interazioni dinamiche tra le diverse opzioni di stoccaggio nella zona di studio e valutare i "trade-offs" tra di esse. I risultati iniziali dimostrati in questo lavoro sono: - Se lo sfruttamento degli acquiferi fosse ristretto ai livelli delle loro ricarica, la domanda d'acqua dei diversi utilizzatori non sarebbe soddisfatta al 25% dei livelli di consumo attuale. - La tendenza di incremento dell'agricoltura di irrigazione crea un impatto più accentuato nelle risorse di sottosuolo di quello creato da un'ipotetica riduzione della piovosità all'85% - L'aumento del numero di laghi collinari riduce la quantità d'acqua che arriva a valle, allo stesso tempo aumenta la quantità d'acqua "persa" per evaporazione.

Paleontological studies of Cretaceous vertebrate fossil beds in the Tataouine Basin (southern Tunisia)

The ‘Continental Intercalaire’ deposits of the Tataouine basin of southern Tunisia preserve one of the most diverse Cretaceous vertebrate fauna from Africa. This research project focuses on a detailed revision of the stratigraphic distribution of mid-Cretaceous fossil beds in the Tataouine Basin and includes the description of four, newly discovered vertebrate tracksites. In the Tataouine region, macro- and microvertebrate remains are recovered from three stratigraphic intervals: the lower Douiret Formation (Barremian), the Chenini (rare) and Oum ed Diab members of the Aïn El Guettar Formation (Albian). A detailed, basin-scale revision of the stratigraphic occurrence of fossil-bearing strata indicates 1. lateral facies variability within the context of a low gradient, circalittoral to coastal-plain environment; 2. multiple and diachronous fossil beds which include elasmobranchs, actinopterygians, sarcopterygians, turtles, crocodyliforms, pterosaurs, and non-avian dinosaurs remains. Four vertebrate tracksites have been discovered in the study area: 1. the Middle Jurassic Beni Ghedir site which preserves approximately 130 tridactyl footprints distributed over an area of 200 square meters, representing the oldest evidence of a dinosaur fauna in Tunisia; 2. the late Albian Chenini tracksite, which includes poorly preserved crocodilian tracks and the dinosaur ichnospecies Apulosauripus federicianus; 3. the Cenomanian Ksar Ayaat locality, where footprints assigned to a pleurodiran turtle are exposed, and 4. the upper Cenomanian Jebel Boulouha site which presents almost 100 well-preserved tridactyl tracks referred to small-sized theropods, fossil bird tracks - ichnogenus Koreanaorins – and tracks referred to a mammalian trackmaker, representing the first report of fossil bird and mammal from the Cretaceous of continental Africa and Tunisia respectively. In addition, data collected from the Tunisian tracksites have been compared with coeval tracksites in Italy and Croatia, showing analogies in morphology and paleoenvironment of dinosaur ichnoassociations, supporting the already hypothesized subaerial connection between these areas during the mid-Cretaceous.

Revisione della cartografia geologica di dettaglio del'area di Tataouine (Tunisia)

In questa tesi viene proposta una revisione della cartografia geologica del Bacino di Tataouine, nella Tunisia meridionale, mediante la combinazione di sezioni stratigrafiche rilevate in campagna, acquisizione di cartografie a diversa risoluzione presenti in letteratura e applicazione di tecnologie GIS. In particolare, si è cercato di migliorare la risoluzione del materiale cartografico esaminato in specifici settori dell’area di studio fornendo informazioni dettagliate per le singole unità stratigrafiche affioranti. I dati esaminati si riferiscono principalmente alle successioni esposte lungo la scarpata del Dahar, un elemento morfologico sub-verticale che si estende nell’intera area di studio e che rende particolarmente difficile la rappresentazione in pianta delle diverse unità affioranti. A supporto dei dati di campagna (che si riferiscono a 23 sezioni stratigrafiche e 43 punti di controllo) sono stati integrati i dati ottenuti da immagini satellitari ad alta risoluzione. L’utilizzo di ArcMap ha permesso di unire i diversi dataset e ottenere quindi carte geologiche a maggiore risoluzione stratigrafica rispetto a quelle disponibili. L’applicazione della metodologia illustrata in questo progetto, se trasferita ad altri casi studio, potrebbe divenire una modalità operativa utile per ottenere una maggiore risoluzione nella rappresentazione in carta della geologia di un territorio.

"Dar voce a una voce": diversità e rappresentazione nella letteratura young adult. Proposta di traduzione di Gabi, a Girl in Pieces di Isabel Quintero.

In this dissertation, I will present my translation into Italian of several excerpts from Gabi, A Girl in Pieces, a young adult (YA) novel by Mexican-American author Isabel Quintero, along with examining the issues of diversity and representation in YA literature. This study aims to demonstrate the benefits of multicultural literature for young readers and the importance of publishing stories that reflect the diversity of the world we inhabit. The translation of the novel is accompanied by an analysis of its social, cultural, and literary context. The first chapter provides an overview of Chican@ history, literature, and culture, focusing on the concepts of identity and hybridity. The second chapter describes YA literature and its characteristics, outlines its history, and discusses the value of diverse books in the lives of teenage readers. Additionally, it cites relevant studies and statistics proving the dearth of diverse literature for young readers in the United States. The third chapter focuses specifically on the representation of Latin@s and Chican@s in literature for young readers, examining the main stereotypes that have plagued the depiction of this community and the new perspectives offered by Mexican-American YA authors. In the fourth chapter, I introduce Isabel Quintero and her novel Gabi, A Girl in Pieces, analyzing its plot, style, format, and main themes. In the fifth chapter, I provide my translation, which is then analyzed in the sixth and final chapter. The translation commentary details some of the problems I encountered and the strategies I applied. The sixth chapter also includes some observations on the translation of teenage speech, of multilingual texts, and of children’s and YA literature.

Urban Expansion and its impact on urban agriculture - remote sensing based change analysis of Kizinga and Mzinga Valley - Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

Urban agriculture is a phenomenon that can be observed world-wide, particularly in cities of devel- oping countries. It is contributing significantly to food security and food safety and has sustained livelihood of the urban and peri-urban low income dwe llers in developing countries for many years. Population increase due to rural-urban migration and natural - formal as well as informal - urbani- sation are competing with urban farming for available space and scarce water resources. A mul- titemporal and multisensoral urban change analysis over the period of 25 years (1982-2007) was performed in order to measure and visualise the urban expansion along the Kizinga and Mzinga valley in the south of Dar Es Salaam. Airphotos and VHR satellite data were analysed by using a combination of a composition of anisotropic textural measures and spectral information. The study revealed that unplanned built-up area is expanding continuously, and vegetation covers and agricultural lands decline at a fast rate. The validation showed that the overall classification accuracy varied depending on the database. The extracted built-up areas were used for visual in- terpretation mapping purposes and served as information source for another research project. The maps visualise an urban congestion and expansion of nearly 18% of the total analysed area that had taken place in the Kizinga valley between 1982 and 2007. The same development can be ob- served in the less developed and more remote Mzinga valley between 1981 and 2002. Both areas underwent fast changes where land prices still tend to go up and an influx of people both from rural and urban areas continuously increase the density with the consequence of increasing multiple land use interests.

Democracy Concepts of the Fundamentalist Parties of Algeria and Tunisia – Claim and Reality

This article discusses democratic elements in early Islamic sources and in the programs of the Algerian FIS (Front Islamique du Salut) and ANNAHDA in Tunesia. According to historic writings, Islam includes the principles of democratic consensus, consultation, and freedom of opinion, and an understanding that the sources of Islamic jurisdiction are subject to interpretation, that the sharia can be changed, and that religious authorities’ power to issue instructions on worldly matters is limited. These are the type of expectations that fundamentalist parties arouse when they speak of an Islamic caliphate as a state system. Against this background, an examination of the political system proposed until 1992 by the Algerian FIS shows that this system would have resulted in a very restrictive form of Islam. An investigation of the political system of the Tunisian fundamentalist leader Rached al-Ghannouchi reveals that the system he proposes may be designated as an Islamic democracy, since it takes into account separation of powers and pluralism of political parties. The head of state would be subject to the law in the same manner as the people. However, it is no liberal democracy, as he categorically rejects secularism, intends to punish apostates, and is only willing to allow political parties that are based on the religion of Islam. His state would only be a state of those citizens who follow Islam, completely neglecting secularist groups. Social conflicts and unrest are thus predetermined.

Stellt ein niedriges Selbstkonzept einen Risikofaktor für Anpassungsprobleme nach dem Schuleintritt dar?

Im Rahmen einer prospektiven Längsschnittstudie wurde überprüft, ob ein niedriges Selbstkonzept einen Risikofaktor für Anpassungsprobleme unmittelbar nach dem Schuleintritt darstellt. Dazu wurden die Entwicklungsverläufe von 31 Kindern mit niedrigem Selbstkonzept und 72 Kindern mit hohem Selbstkonzept miteinander verglichen. Im Kindergarten unterschieden sich die beiden Gruppen weder in soziodemographischen noch in kognitiven Merkmalen. Nach dem Schuleintritt waren Kinder mit niedrigem Selbstkonzept in der Schule jedoch sowohl sozial als auch in Bezug auf ihre Leistung weniger angepasst als Kinder mit hohem Selbstkonzept. Die Ergebnisse werden hinsichtlich ihrer praktischen Bedeutsamkeit diskutiert.