The geographic understanding of snail borne disease in endemic areas using satellite surveillance

The current status of research on use of earth observing satellite sensors and geographic ifnormation systems for control program management of schistosomiais and fascioliasis is reviewed.

Kallikrein genes are associated with lupus and glomerular basement membrane-specific antibody-induced nephritis in mice and humans.

Immune-mediated nephritis contributes to disease in systemic lupus erythematosus, Goodpasture syndrome (caused by antibodies specific for glomerular basement membrane [anti-GBM antibodies]), and spontaneous lupus nephritis. Inbred mouse strains differ in susceptibility to anti-GBM antibody-induced and spontaneous lupus nephritis. This study sought to clarify the genetic and molecular factors that maybe responsible for enhanced immune-mediated renal disease in these models. When the kidneys of 3 mouse strains sensitive to anti-GBM antibody-induced nephritis were compared with those of 2 control strains using microarray analysis, one-fifth of the underexpressed genes belonged to the kallikrein gene family,which encodes serine esterases. Mouse strains that upregulated renal and urinary kallikreins exhibited less evidence of disease. Antagonizing the kallikrein pathway augmented disease, while agonists dampened the severity of anti-GBM antibody-induced nephritis. In addition, nephritis-sensitive mouse strains had kallikrein haplotypes that were distinct from those of control strains, including several regulatory polymorphisms,some of which were associated with functional consequences. Indeed, increased susceptibility to anti-GBM antibody-induced nephritis and spontaneous lupus nephritis was achieved by breeding mice with a genetic interval harboring the kallikrein genes onto a disease-resistant background. Finally, both human SLE and spontaneous lupus nephritis were found to be associated with kallikrein genes, particularly KLK1 and the KLK3 promoter, when DNA SNPs from independent cohorts of SLE patients and controls were compared. Collectively, these studies suggest that kallikreins are protective disease-associated genes in anti-GBM antibody-induced nephritis and lupus.

Genome-wide association study identifies two loci strongly affecting transferrin glycosylation.

Polysaccharide sidechains attached to proteins play important roles in cell-cell and receptor-ligand interactions. Variation in the carbohydrate component has been extensively studied for the iron transport protein transferrin, because serum levels of the transferrin isoforms asialotransferrin + disialotransferrin (carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, CDT) are used as biomarkers of excessive alcohol intake. We conducted a genome-wide association study to assess whether genetic factors affect CDT concentration in serum. CDT was measured in three population-based studies: one in Switzerland (CoLaus study, n = 5181) and two in Australia (n = 1509, n = 775). The first cohort was used as the discovery panel and the latter ones served as replication. Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing data were used to identify loci with significant associations with CDT as a percentage of total transferrin (CDT%). The top three SNPs in the discovery panel (rs2749097 near PGM1 on chromosome 1, and missense polymorphisms rs1049296, rs1799899 in TF on chromosome 3) were successfully replicated , yielding genome-wide significant combined association with CDT% (P = 1.9 × 10(-9), 4 × 10(-39), 5.5 × 10(-43), respectively) and explain 5.8% of the variation in CDT%. These allelic effects are postulated to be caused by variation in availability of glucose-1-phosphate as a precursor of the glycan (PGM1), and variation in transferrin (TF) structure.

Evidence of the anomalous charge state 57Fe4+ in the nuclear decay of 57Co3+

The first observation of the elusive Fe4+ charge state coming from the nuclear decay of 57Co3+ has been found in the Mössbauer emission spectra of 57Co:La2Li0.5Co0.5O4. A Ti-doped sample was prepared in order to show that the Fe4+ fraction can be conveniently monitored. Both results were predicted on the basis of the electronic energy-band scheme of these oxides.

Structural and magnetic characterization of the lithiated iron oxide LixFe3O4

The Rietveld profile‐analysis method is used to investigate the x‐ray diffraction pattern of lithiated Fe3O4. It is shown that, after exposure to air, pure magnetite coexists with a lithium‐inserted LixFe3O4 phase. The Mössbauer spectra at 300 and 4.2 K have been used to estimate the lithium content of the sample, the pure magnetite concentration, and the iron distribution over the available 16c and 16d sites of the spinel structure. Magnetization measurements from 4.2 to 120 K with an external magnetic field up to 150 kOe have been used to obtain the saturation magnetic moment, the magnetic anisotropy constants, and the susceptibility. It is concluded that a noncollinear spin structure should be present in Li0.5Fe3O4. These results indicate that there is no room‐temperature extrusion of iron even for x→2.0, but that on exposure to air LixFe3O4 samples with x>0.5 are oxidized at room temperature by delithiation.

Pieces of Iowa’s Past, March 30, 2011

Pieces of Iowa’s Past, published by the Iowa State Capitol Tour Guides weekly during the legislative session, features historical facts about Iowa, the Capitol, and the early workings of state government. All historical publications are reproduced here with the actual spelling, punctuation, and grammar retained. March 30, 2011 THIS WEEK: John B. Newhall BACKGROUND: This information is from the introduction written by William Petersen in a reprint of the second edition of A Glimpse of Iowa in 1846.

Pieces of Iowa’s Past, May 22, 2013

Pieces of Iowa’s Past, published by the Iowa State Capitol Tour Guides weekly during the legislative session, features historical facts about Iowa, the Capitol, and the early workings of state government. All historical publications are reproduced here with the actual spelling, punctuation, and grammar retained THIS WEEK: Fort Madison Penitentiary BACKGROUND: From A glimpse of Iowa in 1846; or the Emigrant’s Guide, and State Directory By John B. Newhall Published 1846

Varallisuushinnat rahapolitiikan haasteina

Työssä tarkastellaan rahapolitiikan kehitystä alkuun historiallisesti ja sen j��lkeen ensisijaisesti rahapolitiikassa käytettävien mallien osalta. Lähtökohtana on rahapolitiikassa korostuva käsitys säännönmukaisuudesta. Kuten Michael Woodford (2003) kirjoittaa, rahapolitiikassa pyritään nykyään yh�� voimakkaammin seuraamaan sääntöj��, ei sokeasti vaan ottamalla huomioon seuraukset ja kantamalla niistä vastuu. Keskeinen kysymys työssä onkin, millaisia sääntöj�� ja malleja rahapolitiikan hoidossa nykyään olisi hyvä seurata ja kehittää. Rahapolitiikan säännöt olivat vielä 1980-luvulle rahamääräsääntöj��, mutta John B. Taylorin myötä korkosäännöistä tuli vallitseva suuntaus 1990-luvulla. On myös kehitelty teoreettisia optimaalisia malleja, joissa pyritään löytämään paras mahdollinen reaktio talouden tilaan, joka maksimoisi yhteisöllisen hyvinvoinnin. Näiden osalta työssä on tarkasteltu Michael Wickensin ja Woodfordin malleja suljetun talouden osalta ja Alfred Guenderin malleja avoimen talouden kohdalla. Näihin j��lkimmäisiin malleihin koron lisäksi sijoitetaan myös valuuttakurssit, ja tällaista mittaria on tavattu kutsua MCI-indeksiksi, Monetary Condition Index. Viime vuosien kriisien myötä huomio on kiinnittynyt myös varallisuushintojen asemaan rahapolitiikassa. On alettu luoda entistä kattavampia mittareita, joihin sisällytetään myös osakkeiden ja asuntojen hintojen kehitys. Näitä kutsutaan FCI-indekseiksi, Financial Condition Indices, ja aivan viime aikoina niitä on kehitetty hyvinkin laaja-alaisiksi sisällyttäen niihin useita erilaisia muuttujia, kuten esimerkiksi Angelopouloun ym. tutkimus (2013) osoittaa. Tässä työssä on tarkasteltu reaalikoron, reaalisen valuuttakurssin, osakkeiden ja asuntojen hintojen kehitystä viiden euromaan – Suomen, Saksan, Ranskan, Espanjan ja Italian – osalta vuosina 1991–2012. Painot on estimoitu kaikille muuttujille mutta myös ilman varallisuushintoja. Estimointi antaa ymmärtää, että varallisuushinnat ovat merkittävä tekij�� aineistossa, eikä suppea estimointi nostanut perinteellisten muuttujien – koron ja valuuttakurssin – merkitsevyyttä. Muuttujien aikasarjojen vertaileminen toi esiin huomattavan eron erityisesti asuntojen hintojen osalta Saksan ja muiden maiden välillä: Saksassa asuntojen hintakehitys oli melko tasainen eikä romahtanut vuoden 2008 kriisin myötä vaan lähti itse asiassa nousuun. Työssä on myös muodostettu niin FCI- kuin MCI-indeksi Saksalle, ja näiden vertaileminen osoittaa, että FCI-indeksi antaa luotettavamman kuvan muutoksista kuin MCI-indeksi, ja sen avulla pystytään myös paremmin ennakoimaan tulevaa. Täyttä yksimielisyyttä tutkijoiden kesken ei vielä ole, mutta tämän työn perusteella näyttää siltä, että indeksi, johon on lisätty varallisuushinnat, olisi edullista rahapolitiikan hoidossa, niin talouden muutosten kuvaamisessa kuin ennustamisessakin.

Merrimack Intelligencer Vol. 5 No. 48

This was a weekly paper that was published every Saturday. The motto of the Merrimack was: "Not too rash--Yet not fearful--We aim to be just." It was published from 1808-1817. Topics of interest include: Page 1: State of New York Republicans published a statement arguing against the war and the policies of John Adams and James Madison; account of the capture of York by the Americans, 27 April 1813; Page 2: account of the capture of York by the Americans, 27 April 1813; letter from American Brig. Gen. Henry Miller to Sir John B. Warren warning the British not to execute captured U.S. citizen O'Neal; response from Sir John B. Warren to Brig. Gen. Henry Miller stating that O'Neal had been released; account of Stephen Girard buying back his ransomed ship from the British; Page 3: account of Stephen Girard buying back his ransomed ship from the British; U.S. General Harrison repels British and Indian forces that attack Fort Meigs; account of British forces capturing U.S. privateer ship Alexander; report of British forces near Newport, New York, the Delaware river, and the Potomac River; report of Indian attacks in Kaskaskia, Randolph County; report of a boat load of provisions attacked by Indians near Fort Harrison; Commodore Isaac Chauncey arrived at Sacket's Harbor to unload stores taken from York before leaving for Niagara to commence attack against Fort George; U.S. Army announcement recruiting men 18 to 45 years of age to enlist in the army;

Some Incidents and Circumstances Written by William F. Haile in the Course of his Life, 1859

William Frederick Haile was born in Putney, Windham County, Vermont on November 4th, 1791. He was raised in Fairfield, Herkimer County, New York. At the age of 21 he entered the United States Army. He served in the War of 1812 as a lieutenant in the 11th United States Infantry. He was severely wounded in the Battle of Lundy’s Lane [not mentioned in this memoir]. After the war he settled in Plattsburgh, New York and became a lawyer. He was a judge from April 1837 to March of 1843. He was also the fifth collector of customs for the District of Champlain. He died on October 1861 at the age of 69. This document was written for the children of William Frederick Haile in January of 1859 [as noted on p.23]. The memoir ends in July of 1814 before the Battle of Lundy’s Lane. Haile’s memoir is laced with names of military personnel and he expresses his opinions freely.

The poetical works

UANL