Por... Luis de Proxita, Ferrer, Aragon y Apiano... con... Maria Antonia Ferrer, Proxita, Rocafull, y Albornòs y... Antonio Fernando Puiades Borja, Olim Coloma, Conde de Ana, Sobre la immision en possession de los estados del Condado de Almenara...

Sign.: A-Z2, 2A-D2

De Don Luis de Borja : nueuo, y curioso romance, en que se da cuenta, y declara la prodigiosa historia y cautiverio del bizarro don Luys de Borja ...

La autora aparece en los dos ultimos versos: "Y aqui la hija del Olmo pide perdon por sus faltas"

Por la excma. señora doña Francisca Maria Vich, condesa de Cervellon, & c. contra los señores Conde de Almenara, y Don Luis Ruiz de Lloris, Baron de Alcali & c. sobre la sancion en el matorazgo de la casa de vich... [Texto impreso]

Fecha, "Madrid, y septiembre 23, de 1739" tomada de final de texto

Breve noticia de las reales exequias con que en la muerte de nuestro amado rey D. Luis Primero que esta en gloria, explicò su justo dolor el Real Colegio de S. Phelipe y Santiago de la Universidad de Alcala, celebradas el dia ocho de noviembre, de este presenta año de mil setecientos y veinte y quatro en la Iglesias de el Colegio de la Compañia de Jesus y las dedica ... por mano, del ... D. Carlos de Borja, Cardenal ...

Con portadilla propia: "Oracion funebre, que en las reales exequias, de nuestro catholico monarcha D. Luis I que esta en gloria dixo el RR. P. Juan Antonio Aguilar de la Compañía de Jesus ..."

Mercurii gallobelgici sleidano succenturiati, sive Rerum in Gallia et Belgio potissimum Hispania quoque Italia, Anglia, Germania, Ungaria, Transylvania vicinisque locis, ab Anno 1607 usque ad Annum 1612 & luctuosum Rudolphi II Imperatoris obitum, &C. gestarum : Historicae narrationis continuatae Tomus sextus, quatuor libris absolutus /

Es continuación del "Mercurius Gallobelgicus" (1594-1603)

Vida del Venerable y Apostolico Prelado ... D. Luis Crespi de Borja ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Miseries of enforced marriage; date of earliest known edition, 1607 (B.M., C 34. f. 42) reproduced in facsimile, 1913.

Mode of access: Internet.

Poems, from the Portuguese of Luis de Camoens. With remarks on his life and writings. Notes, &c. &c.

First edition London, 1803.

Helio Gallardo. (2009). Crítica social del evangelio que mata. Introducción al pensamiento de Juan Luis Segundo. Heredia, C.R.: EUNA.

Reseña del libro "Crítica social del evangelio que mata. Introducción al pensamiento de Juan Luis Segundo" escrito por Helio Gallardo y publicado en el 2009 por la EUNA.

Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990–2013: Quantifying the epidemiological transition

Background The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) aims to bring together all available epidemiological data using a coherent measurement framework, standardised estimation methods, and transparent data sources to enable comparisons of health loss over time and across causes, age–sex groups, and countries. The GBD can be used to generate summary measures such as disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE) that make possible comparative assessments of broad epidemiological patterns across countries and time. These summary measures can also be used to quantify the component of variation in epidemiology that is related to sociodemographic development. Methods We used the published GBD 2013 data for age-specific mortality, years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) to calculate DALYs and HALE for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2013 for 188 countries. We calculated HALE using the Sullivan method; 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) represent uncertainty in age-specific death rates and YLDs per person for each country, age, sex, and year. We estimated DALYs for 306 causes for each country as the sum of YLLs and YLDs; 95% UIs represent uncertainty in YLL and YLD rates. We quantified patterns of the epidemiological transition with a composite indicator of sociodemographic status, which we constructed from income per person, average years of schooling after age 15 years, and the total fertility rate and mean age of the population. We applied hierarchical regression to DALY rates by cause across countries to decompose variance related to the sociodemographic status variable, country, and time. Findings Worldwide, from 1990 to 2013, life expectancy at birth rose by 6·2 years (95% UI 5·6–6·6), from 65·3 years (65·0–65·6) in 1990 to 71·5 years (71·0–71·9) in 2013, HALE at birth rose by 5·4 years (4·9–5·8), from 56·9 years (54·5–59·1) to 62·3 years (59·7–64·8), total DALYs fell by 3·6% (0·3–7·4), and age-standardised DALY rates per 100 000 people fell by 26·7% (24·6–29·1). For communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders, global DALY numbers, crude rates, and age-standardised rates have all declined between 1990 and 2013, whereas for non–communicable diseases, global DALYs have been increasing, DALY rates have remained nearly constant, and age-standardised DALY rates declined during the same period. From 2005 to 2013, the number of DALYs increased for most specific non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms, in addition to dengue, food-borne trematodes, and leishmaniasis; DALYs decreased for nearly all other causes. By 2013, the five leading causes of DALYs were ischaemic heart disease, lower respiratory infections, cerebrovascular disease, low back and neck pain, and road injuries. Sociodemographic status explained more than 50% of the variance between countries and over time for diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and other common infectious diseases; maternal disorders; neonatal disorders; nutritional deficiencies; other communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases; musculoskeletal disorders; and other non-communicable diseases. However, sociodemographic status explained less than 10% of the variance in DALY rates for cardiovascular diseases; chronic respiratory diseases; cirrhosis; diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine diseases; unintentional injuries; and self-harm and interpersonal violence. Predictably, increased sociodemographic status was associated with a shift in burden from YLLs to YLDs, driven by declines in YLLs and increases in YLDs from musculoskeletal disorders, neurological disorders, and mental and substance use disorders. In most country-specific estimates, the increase in life expectancy was greater than that in HALE. Leading causes of DALYs are highly variable across countries. Interpretation Global health is improving. Population growth and ageing have driven up numbers of DALYs, but crude rates have remained relatively constant, showing that progress in health does not mean fewer demands on health systems. The notion of an epidemiological transition—in which increasing sociodemographic status brings structured change in disease burden—is useful, but there is tremendous variation in burden of disease that is not associated with sociodemographic status. This further underscores the need for country-specific assessments of DALYs and HALE to appropriately inform health policy decisions and attendant actions.

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Background The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution. Methods Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk–outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990–2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol. Findings All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8–58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1–43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5–89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa. Interpretation Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks.

Evidence for classification of c.1852_1853AA > GC in MLH1 as a neutral variant for Lynch syndrome

Background: Lynch syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant inherited cancer syndrome characterized by early onset cancers of the colorectum, endometrium and other tumours. A significant proportion of DNA variants in LS patients are unclassified. Reports on the pathogenicity of the c.1852_1853AA>GC (p.Lys618Ala) variant of the MLH1 gene are conflicting. In this study, we provide new evidence indicating that this variant has no significant implications for LS. Methods: The following approach was used to assess the clinical significance of the p.Lys618Ala variant: frequency in a control population, case-control comparison, co-occurrence of the p.Lys618Ala variant with a pathogenic mutation, co-segregation with the disease and microsatellite instability in tumours from carriers of the variant. We genotyped p.Lys618Ala in 1034 individuals (373 sporadic colorectal cancer [CRC] patients, 250 index subjects from families suspected of having LS [revised Bethesda guidelines] and 411 controls). Three well-characterized LS families that fulfilled the Amsterdam II Criteria and consisted of members with the p.Lys618Ala variant were included to assess co-occurrence and co-segregation. A subset of colorectal tumour DNA samples from 17 patients carrying the p.Lys618Ala variant was screened for microsatellite instability using five mononucleotide markers. Results: Twenty-seven individuals were heterozygous for the p.Lys618Ala variant; nine had sporadic CRC (2.41%), seven were suspected of having hereditary CRC (2.8%) and 11 were controls (2.68%). There were no significant associations in the case-control and case-case studies. The p.Lys618Ala variant was co-existent with pathogenic mutations in two unrelated LS families. In one family, the allele distribution of the pathogenic and unclassified variant was in trans, in the other family the pathogenic variant was detected in the MSH6 gene and only the deleterious variant co-segregated with the disease in both families. Only two positive cases of microsatellite instability (2/17, 11.8%) were detected in tumours from p.Lys618Ala carriers, indicating that this variant does not play a role in functional inactivation of MLH1 in CRC patients. Conclusions: The p.Lys618Ala variant should be considered a neutral variant for LS. These findings have implications for the clinical management of CRC probands and their relatives.

The MLH1 c.1852_1853delinsGC (p.K618A) Variant in Colorectal Cancer: Genetic Association Study in 18,723 Individuals

Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent neoplasms and an important cause of mortality in the developed world. Mendelian syndromes account for about 5% of the total burden of CRC, being Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis the most common forms. Lynch syndrome tumors develop mainly as a consequence of defective DNA mismatch repair associated with germline mutations in MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2. A significant proportion of variants identified by screening these genes correspond to missense or noncoding changes without a clear pathogenic consequence, and they are designated as "variants of uncertain significance'', being the c.1852_1853delinsGC (p.K618A) variant in the MLH1 gene a clear example. The implication of this variant as a low-penetrance risk variant for CRC was assessed in the present study by performing a case-control study within a large cohort from the COGENT consortium-COST Action BM1206 including 18,723 individuals (8,055 colorectal cancer cases and 10,668 controls) and a case-only genotype-phenotype correlation with several clinical and pathological characteristics restricted to the Epicolon cohort. Our results showed no involvement of this variant as a low-penetrance variant for colorectal cancer genetic susceptibility and no association with any clinical and pathological characteristics including family history for this neoplasm or Lynch syndrome.

Análise do efeito do etanol sobre a expressão de proteínas de diferenciação do epitélio escamoso no esôfago de camundongos BALB/c

Câncer de esôfago (CE) é um dos tipos de câncer mais frequentes e agressivos, estando entre os dez tipos de câncer mais incidentes e letais no mundo. Entre as regiões mais incidentes do CE estão os países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil. Apesar de recentes avanços em terapias anticâncer, menos de 10% dos pacientes acometidos por esta doença possuem uma sobrevida maior que cinco anos após seu diagnóstico e este fato é consequência do diagnóstico tardio, uma vez que os sintomas só aparecem em estádios bem avançados. Devido a este panorama há uma grande busca por métodos e, principalmente, biomarcadores de diagnóstico que possam detectar a doença em estádios iniciais e assim aumentar a sobrevida dos pacientes. A discriminação entre tumor e mucosa normal é possível ser feita endoscopicamente, porém, para detecção precoce de tumores esofágico seria importante discriminar mucosa saudável de lesão precursora, como displasia. Uma diferença típica entre tecido normal e displasia é a perda de diferenciação celular, sugerindo que proteínas de diferenciação possam ser um potencial alvo para serem usadas como biomarcadores de detecção precoce em câncer. Citoqueratinas (CKs) e esofagina (SPRR3) são importantes proteínas envolvidas na diferenciação das células no epitélio escamoso. A proteína (SPRR3) vem sendo estudada como um possível biomarcador de detecção de tumores em estádios iniciais de desenvolvimento. Em CE tem sido descrito perda da expressão de SPRR3 quando comparada com a mucosa saudável. Além disso, já foi mostrado que a análise combinada da expressão das duas variantes de SPRR3 (SPRR3-v1 e SPRR3-v2) é capaz de discriminar a mucosa esofágica de indivíduos saudáveis da mucosa adjacente e do tumor com alta sensibilidade e especificidade. Porém, uma associação significativa foi encontrada entre uma menor expressão de SPRR3-v2 e o consumo de álcool. Este dado gerou a hipótese de que o álcool pode levar a carcinogênese por estimular a proliferação e/ou perda de diferenciação do epitélio escamoso e desta forma contribuir para o surgimento do tumor. Para testar esta hipótese, foi realizado um modelo experimental utilizando camundongos BABL/c que receberam diariamente etanol em diferentes concentrações por diferentes intervalos de tempo. Foram analisados critérios de toxicidade dos animais e critérios para avaliação histopátológica no tecido esofágico. Além disso, foi analisado o perfil de expressão de proteínas envolvidas em diferenciação e proliferação celular que pudessem sugerir alterações no epitélio esofágico induzidas pelo etanol, sendo estas SPRR3, CK5/8 e CK14 e Ki67. Inflamação foi a única alteração histológica encontrada, porém ocorreu de forma aleatória, não podendo, portanto, ser associada ao etanol. Alteração no padrão de expressão das proteínas analisadas foi encontrada em regiões inflamadas. Porém, a maioria das amostras não apresentou alterações histopatológicas, nem tampouco alteração de expressão das proteínas, sugerindo que em epitélio esofágico de camundongos BALB/c o etanol não é capaz de induzir isoladamente alteração na proliferação e perda de diferenciação celular.

Discurso e representação sobre as práticas rituais dos esparciatas e dos seus basileus na Lacedemônia, do século V a.C.

A história da pólis de Esparta como, por vezes, nos foi apresentada tomou uma perspectiva historiográfica dotada de pressupostos Atenocêntricos, os quais acabaram apresentando-a como rústica, dotada de uma economia e uma cultura estática e demasiadamente inclinada às atividades militares. No entanto, através de nossa pesquisa verificamos que as práticas político-culturais dos cidadãos de Esparta eram dinâmicas, para sua época. Seguindo por esse viés, verificamos que as representações de Esparta, sobretudo dos esparciatas e dos seus basileus, variaram de acordo com o grupo social e o contexto histórico em que foram empregadas. Com isso, observamos que embora os cidadãos de Esparta tenham sido, em algumas circunstâncias, criticados pelos pensadores antigos, esta não foi uma tendência hegemônica. Sendo assim, mediante os indícios da documentação literária do período Clássico, notamos que os esparciatas e os seus basileus teriam sido homens dotados de um habitus tradicional, o qual valorizava o aprimoramento físico e mental, assim como a responsabilidade com os deveres sagrados. Através da interação entre os vestígios documentais e dos estudos historiográficos mapeamos parte das representações de Esparta que figuraram os diversos discursos no decorrer da história do Ocidente, no intuito de materializarmos as possíveis motivações político-culturais nas apropriações do habitus espartano. Por conseguinte, recorremos à documentação literária para entendermos como parte dos pensadores clássicos concebeu, por meio de uma memória ancestral, a formação da região da Lacedemônia e da pólis de Esparta, a qual teria se dado concomitantemente com a legitimação político-cultural da identidade étnica dos basileus e dos esparciatas. Por fim, analisamos as práticas rituais em honra ao deus Apolo como um mecanismo empregado pelos segmentos sociais hegemônicos da Lacedemônia para ratificar o seu poder político frente a grupos sociais submetidos.