Candida albicans in patients with oronasal communication and obturator prostheses

Patients using obturator prostheses often present denture-induced stomatitis. In order to detect the presence of oral Candida albicans in patients with oronasal communications and to evaluate the effectiveness of a topical antifungal treatment, cytological smears obtained from the buccal and palatal mucosa of 10 adult patients, and from the nasal acrylic surface of their obturator prostheses were examined. A therapeutic protocol comprising the use of oral nystatin (Mycostatin®) and prosthesis disinfection with sodium hypochlorite was prescribed for all patients. Seven patients were positive for C. albicans in the mucosa, with 1 negative result for the prosthetic surface in this group of patients. Post-treatment evaluation revealed the absence of C. albicans on prosthesis surface and on the oral mucosa of all patients. The severity of the candidal infection was significantly higher in the palatal mucosa than in the buccal mucosa, but similar in the palatal mucosa and prosthesis surface, indicating that the mucosa underlying the prosthesis is more susceptible to infection. The therapeutic protocol was effective in all cases, which emphasizes the need for denture disinfection in order to avoid reinfection of the mucosa.

Assessing deaf and hearing children`s communication in Brazil

In Brazil there are no specific tests for either signed or spoken language for deaf children. A protocol evaluating communicative abilities independent of modality of communication (sign language or spoken language), and comprising assessments of (a) pragmatic profile; (b) modality of communication and linguistic level; (c) complexity of communication; and (d) style and efficacy of communication between parent and child was administered to 127 deaf and hearing children. The children, aged 3-6 years old, were distributed in three groups: 20 with severe hearing loss, 40 with profound hearing loss and 67 normally hearing. Deaf children were found to be delayed, independent of their linguistic level and preferred modality of communication. The protocol in this study proved to be an useful instrument for gathering relevant information about the three groups of preschool children`s communicative abilities, and particularly suitable for use in countries where standardized assessments are not available. Learning outcomes: The reader will be introduced to the use of an assessment protocol comprising its development, application and data analysis. The reader will be informed about assessment of deaf children`s preferred modality of communication, by the participation of a bilingual (sign language user) professional. Communication abilities can be assessed independently of the linguistic modality. In developing countries in general, where simple and easy to administer assessments tools are scarce, such a protocol is of specific value. (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Sistema sem fios para controlo de iluminação decorativa

Este projecto surgiu no contexto da solicitação de um dos clientes da empresa Castros Iluminações que pretendia um sistema de iluminação decorativa (baseada em LED) de dois conjuntos de 288 janelas, pertencendo cada conjunto a uma fachada diferente do edifício. Este sistema teria que prever a possibilidade de controlar a cor de cada janela individualmente, dando ao cliente a possibilidade de alterar o ambiente decorativo das fachadas do edifício. A utilização de comunicação sem fios foi justificada pela necessidade de evitar a quantidade enorme de cabos que seria necessário passar utilizando os sistemas comerciais convencionais e a impossibilidade de os esconder. Esta solução foi pensada para ser implementada num edifício com 14 Andares, facto que por si só inviabiliza a passajem de cabos. Para interligar todos os dispositivos de iluminação decorativa com um controlador portátil, e eliminar os problemas ligados à cablagem, foi utilizado o protocolo de comunicações sem fios ZigBee™. A escolha recaiu neste protocolo devido a factores como os seus baixos consumos, simplicidade do protocolo comparativamente com outras redes e o seu baixo custo. No desenvolvimento deste projecto foi utilizada a stack da Microchip©, versão gratuita, disponibilizada na internet e os seus transceivers de comunicação Zigbee™, MRF24j40MA. Para fazer a interface de comunicação com o utilizador, foi desenvolvida uma aplicação de Software para correr em computadores com ambiente Windows™. Esta aplicação foi desenvolvida em Visual Studio™ utilizando a linguagem C#. Foram efectuados alguns testes para se perceber a eficiência e robustez da comunicação ZigBee™ e apesar do número de dispositivos disponíveis para ensaios ser muito reduzido, foi possível verificar que, mesmo funcionando correctamente, o desempenho do sistema poderá ser melhorado, quer seja a nível da gestão das comunicações, quer a nível do software informático para controlo do ambiente decorativo das fachadas do edifício. O sistema, no actual estado de desenvolvimento, permite controlar a cor dos vários dispositivos da rede através do computador, com uma resolução de 24bits. A aplicação desenvolvida em Visual Studio™ permite controlar de forma simples e intuitiva para o utilizador, a cor do material iluminativo dos vários dispositivos da rede.

Lower protocol layers for wireless sensor networks: a survey

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been attracting increasing interests in the development of a new generation of embedded systems with great potential for many applications such as surveillance, environment monitoring, emergency medical response and home automation. However, the communication paradigms in Wireless Sensor Networks differ from the ones attributed to traditional wireless networks, triggering the need for new communication protocols and mechanisms. In this Technical Report, we present a survey on communication protocols for WSNs with a particular emphasis on the lower protocol layers. We give a particular focus to the MAC (Medium Access Control) sub-layer, since it has a prominent influence on some relevant requirements that must be satisfied by WSN protocols, such as energy consumption, time performance and scalability. We overview some relevant MAC protocol solutions and discuss how they tackle the trade-off between the referred requirements.

Cycle time properties of the PROFIBUS timed-token protocol

A recent trend in distributed computer-controlled systems (DCCS) is to interconnect the distributed computing elements by means of multi-point broadcast networks. Since the network medium is shared between a number of network nodes, access contention exists and must be solved by a medium access control (MAC) protocol. Usually, DCCS impose real-time constraints. In essence, by real-time constraints we mean that traffic must be sent and received within a bounded interval, otherwise a timing fault is said to occur. This motivates the use of communication networks with a MAC protocol that guarantees bounded access and response times to message requests. PROFIBUS is a communication network in which the MAC protocol is based on a simplified version of the timed-token protocol. In this paper we address the cycle time properties of the PROFIBUS MAC protocol, since the knowledge of these properties is of paramount importance for guaranteeing the real-time behaviour of a distributed computer-controlled system which is supported by this type of network.