Development and validation of a Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri DNA microarray platform (XACarray) generated from the shotgun libraries previously used in the sequencing of this bacterial genome

Abstract Background From shotgun libraries used for the genomic sequencing of the phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (XAC), clones that were representative of the largest possible number of coding sequences (CDSs) were selected to create a DNA microarray platform on glass slides (XACarray). The creation of the XACarray allowed for the establishment of a tool that is capable of providing data for the analysis of global genome expression in this organism. Findings The inserts from the selected clones were amplified by PCR with the universal oligonucleotide primers M13R and M13F. The obtained products were purified and fixed in duplicate on glass slides specific for use in DNA microarrays. The number of spots on the microarray totaled 6,144 and included 768 positive controls and 624 negative controls per slide. Validation of the platform was performed through hybridization of total DNA probes from XAC labeled with different fluorophores, Cy3 and Cy5. In this validation assay, 86% of all PCR products fixed on the glass slides were confirmed to present a hybridization signal greater than twice the standard deviation of the deviation of the global median signal-to-noise ration. Conclusions Our validation of the XACArray platform using DNA-DNA hybridization revealed that it can be used to evaluate the expression of 2,365 individual CDSs from all major functional categories, which corresponds to 52.7% of the annotated CDSs of the XAC genome. As a proof of concept, we used this platform in a previously work to verify the absence of genomic regions that could not be detected by sequencing in related strains of Xanthomonas.

Heap analysis in the presence of collection libraries

Memory analysis techniques have become sophisticated enough to model, with a high degree of accuracy, the manipulation of simple memory structures (finite structures, single/double linked lists and trees). However, modern programming languages provide extensive library support including a wide range of generic collection objects that make use of complex internal data structures. While these data structures ensure that the collections are efficient, often these representations cannot be effectively modeled by existing methods (either due to excessive analysis runtime or due to the inability to represent the required information). This paper presents a method to represent collections using an abstraction of their semantics. The construction of the abstract semantics for the collection objects is done in a manner that allows individual elements in the collections to be identified. Our construction also supports iterators over the collections and is able to model the position of the iterators with respect to the elements in the collection. By ordering the contents of the collection based on the iterator position, the model can represent a notion of progress when iteratively manipulating the contents of a collection. These features allow strong updates to the individual elements in the collection as well as strong updates over the collections themselves.

Development of a Household Pharmaceutical Waste Collection Program for Atlanta, Georgia: An Analysis of Risk Factors and Public Awareness with a Comprehensive Collection Plan

Decades of mixed messages from three federal agencies left many Americans unaware of the hazards associated with the indiscriminate disposal of unwanted or expired medicines. For this Capstone project, a systematic review of state and federal regulations was undertaken to determine how these laws obstruct household pharmaceutical waste collection. In addition, a survey of 654 Atlanta residents was conducted to evaluate unwanted medicine disposal habits, awareness of pharmaceutical compounds being detected in drinking water, surface, and ground waters, and willingness to participate in a household pharmaceutical waste collection program. Survey responses were tabulated to provide overall results and by age group, gender, and race. A household pharmaceutical waste collection plan was developed for the city and included as an appendix.

The development and implementation of a new data collection instrument for the 1994 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse /

"April 1996"--T.p. verso.

The care of books : an essay on the development of libraries and their fittings, from the earliest times to the end of the eighteenth century /

Includes bibliographical references.

Safety status data collection methodology. Volume II - technical report on development and validation of evaluation procedures. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Crash Avoidance Research Division, Washington, D.C.

Development of roadside safety data collection plan. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Office of Safety and Traffic Operations Research and Development, McLean, Va.

College and university libraries and librarianship. An examination of their present status and some proposals for their future development /

Place and date of imprint on label mounted on t. p.

Readings in modern European history; a collection of extracts from the sources chosen with the purpose of illustrating some of the chief phases of development of Europe during the last two hundred years,

"We have borrowed to some extent from the second volume of Robinson's Readings in European history."--Pref., v. 1.

Report of the Council on Library and Network Development on state aids to medical libraries in hospitals.

WI docs. no.: Ed.3/2:3209