Abuso sexual, transtornos mentais e doencas fisicas

Objective: to review and describe the different organic and psychic consequences of sexual abuse. Methodology: 71 papers were sorted in a ten-year literature search (1987-1997) in MedLine and Lilacs (South American Literature Index), besides 14 books in the subject. Results: sexual abuse is much less frequent (or less reported) in Brazil: 7% of the population, while in the USA the prevalence is 12.9% to 28% of women and 2% to 9% of men. Results showed women being more frequently sexually abused but less differences in physical abuse were found between genders. There was a significant association between sexual abuse and the following: eating disorders, depression, irritable bowel, chronic pain (mainly pelvic), neurological, rheumatic and venereal disorders. This association was not observed in chronic constipation, Chron disease and dissociative disorders. Conclusions: although it is important to think of sexual/physical abuse as a predisposing factor to several illnesses, caution is necessary specially in cultures with different moral and ethical values. Research in this subject in Brazil should be conducted with patients in treatment, using control groups, in order to take advantage of the existing rapport. It would be also quite important to separate acute and chronic abuse effects, as well as getting to know the meaning of the experienced abuse to each person.

Violência na infância: Londrina (1930-1970)

Based on criminal processes regarding child sexual abuse from the early 1940s to the late 1970s, this article intents to analyze both the conception of innocence and childhood held at that time, and the influence of such on the local judiciary.

Violência sexual infantil: compreensão de professoras sobre conceito e prevenção

Pós-graduação em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem - FC

Estudo psicanalítico sobre a feminização da epidemia do HIV/AIDS com usuários do Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar os processos de subjetivação de mulheres sem parceiro fixo à exposição ao vírus HIV/ Aids para identificar fatores sobredeterminantes de vulnerabilidade. Utilizamos como método o estudo de caso, visando uma análise em profundidade, que permitisse identificar um maior número de determinantes subjetivos relacionados com a problemática considerada. O estudo apresenta fragmentos de casos clínicos de mulheres vivendo com Aids, internadas nas enfermarias do Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto (HUJBB), no Estado do Pará, Brasil. A partir da análise da transferência e da contratransferência, apontamos como resultado o que cada caso em sua singularidade, desvela a partir do encontro terapêutico: No caso Clínico I, encontramos que a paciente, a qual chamamos Dinah, apresentava um modo de subjetivação psicopatológico masoquista feminino, que faz com que ela demonstre certa satisfação quando se expõe ao sofrimento, se posicionando como vítima em seus relacionamentos afetivos e sexuais, sobre determinados pela identificação imaginária com ideais culturais sobre o ser mulher, concebendo imagens de homens e mulheres, e, portanto, suas e de seu parceiro, como pares antitéticos de força/fraqueza, atividade/passividade, poder/submissão. Esse ideal de eu compósito de mulher virgem e de um homem só, levou Dinah a negar seus temores de contaminação, aceitar passivamente relações desprotegidas, atribuindo à iniciativa sexual a seu parceiro e, tornando-se vulnerável a infecção pelo HIV. No caso Clínico II, Alice, submetida a um modo de subjetivação melancólico, auto-destrutivo, se posicionava nas relações afetivas e sexuais procurando incessantemente sua auto-destruição pela própria vulnerabilidade inconsciente à contaminação pelo HIV. Tendo contraído o vírus e contaminado seu marido e, demais parceiros, mesmo após saber de seu diagnóstico, Alice permanecia aprisionada em um silêncio mortífero, impedindo-se de cuidar de sua saúde e procurar atendimento médico contínuo, tornando-se vulnerável à reinfecção. O Caso III, Ana Laura, é de uma mulher que sofreu inúmeras violências desde a infância, como abuso sexual infantil, exploração do trabalho doméstico e, abandono pelos pais. Após ter tido seu primeiro filho, este lhe foi retirado sem seu consentimento, pela tia materna que o deu a terceiros, razão alegada por Ana Laura, para prostituir-se no cais do porto da cidade de Belém, onde trabalhou até bem pouco tempo antes de sua internação. Lá onde a negociação por sexo mais caro sem preservativo era prática comum, Ana Laura negociou sua vida, vendendo sexo sem preservativo, assim se infectando. O desamparo e as violências sofridas por esta paciente são, portanto, sobredeterminantes de sua vulnerabilidade à infecção pelo HIV. Como conclusões, destacamos que as mulheres atendidas sem parceiro fixo, não apresentaram maior facilidade para se protegerem, estando em desacordo com os estudos que apontam que estas mulheres negociam o preservativo com maior liberdade e estão menos vulneráveis, demonstrando a importância de estudos que abordem os aspectos psíquicos, sociais, políticos e culturais, de maneira a desvelar os modos de produção de subjetividade dos sujeitos em sua singularidade, para além da mensuração de dados, a fim de estabelecer estratégias de prevenção em saúde mais eficazes.

Psicologia e direito: um diálogo possível nos casos de abuso sexual na infância

Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS

O saber e o não revelar da violência sexual doméstica infantil na dinâmica do profissional escolar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Simplificação no tratamento da fratura de ângulo mandibular por meio do acesso intrabucal

Mandibular fractures are the injury most commonly found in the facial bones. They have varied etiology, such as automobile, motorcycle and cycling accidents, physical abuse and falls. The choice of treatment of mandibular fractures most often employed is the reduction and fixation of bone fragments. Regarding fractures involving the mandibular angle, access headgear is the most widely used, in view of the action of masticatory muscles causing greater displacement of fractured stumps. Therefore, the proposal to introduce a conservative approach and facilitated for the treatment of fractures of the mandibular angle, as well as to demystify the contraindication to intraoral approach cases unfavorable fracture displacement, this work is to report a clinical casesurgical mandibular angle fracture, treated by intraoral approach. The fracture was fixed with two plates, one following the external oblique line system (1.5 mm) and a lower system (2.0 mm), with the help of percutaneous trocar. This approach is very promising for these cases, in order to ease the technical as well as by reducing the technical complications of extraoral approach.

Práticas educativas parentais: a deficiência auditiva pode fazer a diferença?

This study analyzed the influence of the hearing impairment (HI) of children in the way their mothers treat them (between 5 and 12 years old). Two studies were carried out to investigate the social - educational parental practices (SEPP) and parental styles. The first study observed the parental educational practices of mothers dealing with children with and without HI, and the second study tried to verify whether mothers acted different in these same practices when considering either children with HI or children without HI. The results have shown that HI seems to modify SEPP concerning expressing opinions, asking questions, (Study 1) and setting limits (Studies 1 and 2), as well as practices of negative monitoring (Study 1), moral behavior, inconsistent punishment, discipline absence, physical abuse and, also, Parental Styles (Study 2).

Abuso sexual infantil e incesto: a ética da escuta na clínica de Françoise Dolto

This paper will discuss some aspects of the problem of child sexual abuse, specifically incest, drawing on psychoanalysis and in particular the psychoanalytic proposed by Françoise Dolto allowing their concepts of castration simboligênica, symbolic function, image and body language unconsciously take incest as the object of study to propose a psychoanalytic clinic devoted to listening to the subject, going beyond the legal concerns of policies on reporting and complaints, but not meddle in them, reflecting on the role of the psychologist and psychoanalyst in the clinic for children of sexual abuse.

Weekly Problems Scales: Instruments for Sexually Abused Youth and Their Nonoffending Parents in Treatment

This study’s purpose was to determine if efficient measures could be created to assess multiple problematic behaviors identified in youth who were sexually abused and in treatment. Because of the lack of easily administered brief instruments that assess multiple domains of interest in this population, complementary parent and child assessment measures were developed. The Weekly Problems Scale–Child Version (WPSC) and the Weekly Problems Scale–Parent Version (WPS-P) were created to monitor the weekly progress of the child and family in treatment and focus specifically on common areas of difficulties in this population. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to assist in identifying the number of underlying dimensions in the scales. Results indicate that the WPS-C and WPS-P demonstrate adequate internal consistency, temporal stability, and construct validity. The WPS-C and WPSP display significant promise as research and clinical assessment tools for use with youth who are sexually abused and their nonoffending parents in treatment.

THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND COMPONENTS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN ADULTS WITH MOOD DISORDERS: RESULTS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL MOOD DISORDERS COLLABORATIVE PROJECT

Objective: We sought to determine whether a reported history of childhood adversity is associated with components of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP-III)-defined metabolic syndrome in adults with mood disorders. Method: This was a cross-sectional analysis of adult outpatients (N = 373; n = 230 female, n = 143 male; mean age [SD] = 42.86 [14.43]) from the International Mood Disorders Collaborative Project (University of Toronto and Cleveland Clinic) with DSM-IV-defined major depressive disorder and bipolar I/II disorder. Childhood adversity was measured with the Klein Trauma & Abuse-Neglect self-report scale. The groups with and without childhood adversity were compared to determine possible differences in the rates of metabolic syndrome and its components. Logistic and linear regressions adjusted for age, sex, education, employment status, and smoking were used to evaluate the association between childhood adversity and components of metabolic syndrome. Results: For the full sample, 83 subjects (22.25%) met criteria for metabolic syndrome. Individuals reporting a history of any childhood adversity had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (systolic: p = 0.040; diastolic: p = 0.038). Among subjects with a history of sexual abuse, a significant proportion met criteria for obesity (45.28% vs. 32.88%; p = 0.010); a trend toward overweight was found for subjects with a history of physical abuse (76.32% vs. 63.33%; p = 0.074), although this relationship did not remain significant after adjusting for potential confounders. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall rate of dyslipidemia and/or metabolic syndrome between subjects with and without childhood adversity. Conclusion: The results herein provide preliminary evidence suggesting that childhood adversity is associated with metabolic syndrome components in individuals with mood disorders. Int'l. J. Psychiatry in Medicine 2012;43:165-177)

Fostering Children and Adolescents in Situations of Abandonment, Violence and Separation

Childhood protection is undergoing several changes. Our study aimed to outline the complex network of meanings which includes adoption as well as institutional and family foster care, by combining theory, research and practice. We investigated various contexts and protagonists: judicial system, foster institutions, birth parents, foster and adoptive parents, and families and their children. Diverse data collection procedures were used: socio-demographic investigations, case-studies, follow-ups, interviews, analysis of foster institutions and legal court documents. Results pointed to "invisibility" of birth family, frequent child (re)abuse, failures in the network of protection, meanings of "healthy family" and role of attachment concepts. Implications for social policies and social practices are discussed.

Social anxiety and negative early life events in university students

INTRODUCTION: There is substantial evidence regarding the impact of negative life events during childhood on the aetiology of psychiatric disorders. We examined the association between negative early life events and social anxiety in a sample of 571 Spanish University students. METHODS: In a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2007, we collected data through a semistructured questionnaire of sociodemographic variables, personal and family psychiatric history, and substance abuse. We assessed the five early negative life events: (i) the loss of someone close, (ii) emotional abuse, (iii) physical abuse, (iv) family violence, and (v) sexual abuse. All participants completed the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. RESULTS: Mean (SD) age was 21 (4.5), 75% female, LSAS score was 40 (DP = 22), 14.2% had a psychiatric family history and 50.6% had negative life events during childhood. Linear regression analyses, after controlling for age, gender, and family psychiatric history, showed a positive association between family violence and social score (p = 0.03). None of the remaining stressors produced a significant increase in LSAS score (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: University students with high levels of social anxiety presented higher prevalence of negative early life events. Thus, childhood family violence could be a risk factor for social anxiety in such a population.

Psychometric properties of the Trauma and Distress Scale, TADS, in an adult community sample in Finland

BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that a history of childhood abuse and neglect is not uncommon among individuals who experience mental disorder and that childhood trauma experiences are associated with adult psychopathology. Although several interview and self-report instruments for retrospective trauma assessment have been developed, many focus on sexual abuse (SexAb) rather than on multiple types of trauma or adversity. METHODS: Within the European Prediction of Psychosis Study, the Trauma and Distress Scale (TADS) was developed as a new self-report assessment of multiple types of childhood trauma and distressing experiences. The TADS includes 43 items and, following previous measures including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, focuses on five core domains: emotional neglect (EmoNeg), emotional abuse (EmoAb), physical neglect (PhyNeg), physical abuse (PhyAb), and SexAb.This study explores the psychometric properties of the TADS (internal consistency and concurrent validity) in 692 participants drawn from the general population who completed a mailed questionnaire, including the TADS, a depression self-report and questions on help-seeking for mental health problems. Inter-method reliability was examined in a random sample of 100 responders who were reassessed in telephone interviews. RESULTS: After minor revisions of PhyNeg and PhyAb, internal consistencies were good for TADS totals and the domain raw score sums. Intra-class coefficients for TADS total score and the five revised core domains were all good to excellent when compared to the interviewed TADS as a gold standard. In the concurrent validity analyses, the total TADS and its all core domains were significantly associated with depression and help-seeking for mental problems as proxy measures for traumatisation. In addition, robust cutoffs for the total TADS and its domains were calculated. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest the TADS as a valid, reliable, and clinically useful instrument for assessing retrospectively reported childhood traumatisation.

The role of the social environment in non-suicidal self-injury among LGBTQ youth: A mixed methods study

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), such as cutting and burning, is a widespread social problem among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ) youth. Extant research indicates that this population is more than twice as likely to engage in NSSI than heterosexual and cisgender (non-transgender) youth. Despite the scope of this social problem, it remains relatively unexamined in the literature. Research on other risk behaviors among LGBTQ youth indicates that experiencing homophobia and transphobia in key social contexts such as families, schools, and peer relationships contributes to health disparities among this group. Consequently, the aims of this study were to examine: (1) the relationship between LGBTQ youth's social environments and their NSSI behavior, and (2) whether/how specific aspects of the social environment contribute to an understanding of NSSI among LGBTQ youth. This study was conducted using an exploratory, sequential mixed methods design with two phases. The first phase of the study involved analysis of transcripts from interviews conducted with 44 LGBTQ youth recruited from a community-based organization. In this phase, five qualitative themes were identified: (1) Violence; (2) Misconceptions, Stigma, and Shame; (3) Negotiating LGBTQ Identity; (4) Invisibility and Isolation; and (5) Peer Relationships. Results from the qualitative phase were used to identify key variables and specify statistical models in the second, quantitative, phase of the study, using secondary data from a survey of 252 LGBTQ youth. The qualitative phase revealed how LGBTQ youth, themselves, described the role of the social environment in their NSSI behavior, while the quantitative phase was used to determine whether the qualitative findings could be used to predict engagement in NSSI among a larger sample of LGBTQ youth. The quantitative analyses found that certain social-environmental factors such as experiencing physical abuse at home, feeling unsafe at school, and greater openness about sexual orientation significantly predicted the likelihood of engaging in NSSI among LGBTQ youth. Furthermore, depression partially mediated the relationships between family physical abuse and NSSI and feeling unsafe at school and NSSI. The qualitative and quantitative results were compared in the interpretation phase to explore areas of convergence and incongruence. Overall, this study's findings indicate that social-environmental factors are salient to understanding NSSI among LGBTQ youth. The particular social contexts in which LGBTQ youth live significantly influence their engagement in this risk behavior. These findings can inform the development of culturally relevant NSSI interventions that address the social realities of LGBTQ youth's lives.