Interaction between the phage HK022 Nun protein and the nut RNA of phage lambda.

The nun gene product of prophage HK022 excludes phage lambda infection by blocking the expression of genes downstream from the lambda nut sequence. The Nun protein functions both by competing with lambda N transcription-antitermination protein and by actively inducing transcription termination on the lambda chromosome. We demonstrate that Nun binds directly to a stem-loop structure within nut RNA, boxB, which is also the target for the N antiterminator. The two proteins show comparable affinities for boxB and they compete with each other. Their interactions with boxB are similar, as shown by RNase protection experiments, NMR spectroscopy, and analysis of boxB mutants. Each protein binds the 5' strand of the boxB stem and the adjacent loop. The stem does not melt upon the binding of Nun or N, as the 3' strand remains sensitive to a double-strand-specific RNase. The binding of RNA partially protects Nun from proteolysis and changes its NMR spectra. Evidently, although Nun and N bind to the same surface of boxB RNA, their respective complexes interact differently with RNA polymerase, inducing transcription termination or antitermination, respectively.

Influence of different genotypes in the pattern of selenoprotein expression in response to Brazil nut supplementation

The micronutrient selenium is essential to human physiology. As the amino acid selenocysteine, it is inserted into selenoproteins with a wide range of functions including antioxidant capacity, thyroid hormone metabolism, improvement of immune system, brain function, fertility and reproduction. Low selenium status has been associated with increased risk for chronic diseases, such as cancer, type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In this context, several studies have been conducted in order to investigate if selenium supplementation could reduce the risk of such diseases. However, genetic variations may interfere in the response of individuals to a dietary intervention and must be considered as a important source of inter-individual variation. Therefore, this study was conducted was conducted to investigate the influence of genetic variations in selenoproteins genes on the response to an intervention with Brazil nuts, the richest source of selenium known in nature. The study included 130 healthy volunteers with both genders, aged 20 to 60 years old selected in University of São Paulo. They received nuts for 8 weeks, eating one nut a day, and did a washout period for more 8 weeks. All volunteers had a blood sampling collection every 4 weeks during 4 months, in a total of 5. The following analysis were done: anthropometric measurements, lipid profile, plasma malondialdehyde, plasma and erythrocyte Se, selenoprotein P, plasma and erythrocyte GPx activity, gene expression of GPX1, SEPP1, SELS and SEP15. The volunteers were also genotyped for SNPs rs1050450, rs3811699, rs1800699, rs713041, rs3877899, rs7579, rs34713741 and rs5845. Each unit of Brazil nut provided an average of 300 µg of selenium. All 130 volunteers completed the protocol. The concentrations of total cholesterol and glucose decreased after 8 weeks of supplementation. Moreover, HDL concentrations were higher for carriers of the variant T allele for GPX4_rs713041. The frequencies of the variant genotypes were 5,4% for rs1050450, rs3811699 e rs1088668, 10% for rs3877899, 19,2% for rs713041 e rs7579, 11,5% for rs5845 and 8,5% for rs34713741. The levels of the five biomarkers increased significantly after supplementation. In addition, erythrocyte GPx activity was influenced by rs1050450, rs713041 and rs5845; erythrocyte selenium was influenced by rs5845 and plasma selenium by rs3877899. Gene expression of GPX1, SEPP1 and SEP15 were higher after supplementation. The SNP rs1050450 influenced GPX1 mRNA expression and rs7579 influenced SEPP1 mRNA expression. Therefore, it can be concluded that the supplementation with one of Brazil nut for 8 weeks was efficient to reduce total cholesterol and glucose levels and to increase the concentrations of the main biomarkers of selenium status in healthy adults. Furthermore, our results suggest that GPX4_rs713041 might interfere on HDL concentrations and GPx1 activity, GPX1_rs1050450 might interfere on GPx1 activity, SEP15_rs5845 might interfere on GPx1 activity and erythrocyte selenium and SEPP1_3877899 might interfere on plasma Se levels. Therefore, the effect of genetic variations should be considered in future nutritional interventions evaluating the response to Brazil nut supplementation.

Report of the proceedings at the ... annual meeting / Northern Nut Growers Association.

1-6, 1910-1915

Report of the proceedings at the ... annual meeting / Northern Nut Growers Association.

13-19, 1922-1928

Deciduous fruit and tree nut research of the United States Department of Agriculture and cooperating agencies.

At head of title: A summary of current program and preliminary report of progress.

Vogels die Nederland broedend worden aangetroffen en welke door de wet beschermd worden wegens het nut, dat zij geacht worden te bewijzen aan houtteelt, land- en tuinbouw.

Mode of access: Internet.

History of the bolt and nut industry of America.

Mode of access: Internet.

California fruit and nut crops: acreage, production, utilization and value, 1949-1961; bloom, harvesting and marketing dates and principal producing counties.

Revises and updates California. Dept. of Agriculture. State publication 261.

The "nut" in war : being a brief biography of the unlicked cub /

Mode of access: Internet.

Practical nut growing.

Mode of access: Internet.

The profits and pleasures of fruit and nut culture in Southern California.

Cover title.

Naamlijst van oost-indische en bepaaldelijk javaansche gewassen, welke ten behoeve van de Koninkl. nederl. maatschappij tot aanmoediging van den tuinbouw aangekweekt worden, benevens eenige aanteekeningen nopens het nut der invoering van vreemde gewassen en de laatste pogingen om daardoor den tuinbouw in Nederland op te beuren.

"Getrokken uit het Jaarboek der Konink. nederl. maatsch. tot aanmoediging van den tuinbouw over 1844."

Over de eigenschappen en het nut van den kanadaschen popel, Populus monilifera Ait.

Verhandelingen der eerste klasse van het Koninklijk nederlandsche instituut van wetenschappen, letterkunde, en schoone kunsten te Amsterdam, 1817, iii, 169-192.

Schoole der Jooden : begrypende het geheele Joodsche geloof ; uit hun eige boeken en schriften... verklaard : eertyds tot nut der Christenen /

Mode of access: Internet.

Akademische voorlezingen, over het nut en de belangrijkheid der grammatische vergelijking van het grieksch het latijn en de germaansche tongvallen met het Sanskrit.

Mode of access: Internet.