Estudo sôbre as temperaturas médias em Campinas

This paper deals with the study by orthogonal polynomials of trends in the mean annual and mean monthly temperatures (in degrees Centigrade) in Campinas (State of São Paulo, Brasil), from 1890 up to 1956. Only 4 months were studied (January, April, July and October) taken as typical of their respective season. For the annual averages both linear and quadratic components were significant, the regression equation being y = 19.95 - 0.0219 x + 0.00057 x², where y is the temperature (in degrees Centigrade) and x is the number of years after 1889. Thus 1890 corresponds to x = 1, 1891, to x = 2, etc. The equation shows a minimum for the year 1908, with a calculated mean y = 19.74. The expected means by the regression equation are given below. Anual temperature means for Campinas (SP, Brasil) calculated by the regression equation Year Annual mean (Degrees Centigrade) 1890 19.93 1900 10.78 1908 19.74 (minimum) 1010 19.75 1920 19.82 1930 20.01 1940 20.32 1950 20.74 1956 21.05 The mean for 67 years was 20.08°C with standard error of the mean 0.08°G. For January the regression equation was y = 23.08 - 0.0661 x + 0.00122 x², with a minimum of 22.19°C for 1916. The average for 67 years was 22.70°C, with standard error 0.12°C. For April no component of regression was significant. The average was 20.42°C, with standard error 0.13°C. For July the regression equation was of first degree, y = 16.01 + 0.0140X. The average for 67 years was 16.49°C, with standard error of the mean 0.14°C. Finally, for October the regression equation was y = 20.55 - 0.0362x + 0.00078x², with a minimum of 20.13°C for 1912. The average was 20.52°C, with standard error of the mean equal to 0.14°C.

Notes on snakes from Yucatan, by Karl P. Schmidt and E. Wyllys Andrews.

v.20:no.18(1936)

Contribuição para o estudo da morfologia de Myrmeleon januarius (Navas, 1916): (Neuroptera, Mymeleonidae)

The author redescrlbes M. januarius (Navas), reared in laboratory, studying also the larvae. One species of Bombylidae belonging to a genus near Diplocampta emerged from two cocoons of the Neuroptera.

Revisão do gênero Seuratia Skrjabin, 1916 e redescrição da espécie Seuratia Shipleyi (Stossich, 1900) Skrjabin, 1916 (Nematoda, Spiruroidea)

Durante a terceira excursão realizada pela Seção de Helmintologia do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, à localidade de Arraial do Cabo, em Cabo Frio, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em junho de 1963, tivemos a oportunidade de encontrar ao amanhecer do dia 22 um exemplar fêmea de Diomodea melanophris Temm. (Albatroz), pousado no chão, nas proximidades da praia, provàvelmente levado para lá pela forte ventania que ocorrera durante a noite. Ao necropsiarmos essa ave encontramos, localizados mo estômago, alguns nematódeos dos quais um macho e quatro fêmeas pertencentes ao gênero Seuratia Skrjabin, 1916 e devido à sua raridade nas costas brasileiras e ao achado dos parasitos, resolvemos efetuar o reestudo dêsses helmintos, descritos por Stossich, e rever o gênero proposto por Skrjabin.

The Difficult and tortuous path of agricultural cooperative networks in spain, 1890-1935

The rural associationism developed from the last decades of the XIX century could be consider as an answer of the agriculturists to the increasing integration of agriculture in the market, and to the effects of the Great Depression. In the case of Spain, the initiatives in this sense arose with certain delay in relation to the countries of Western Europe. The beginning of the Spanish cooperativism is closely bound to the Law of 1906. It granted the agrarian cooperatives with fiscal exemptions and other types of supports to the associates, although the process did not really accelerate until the promulgation of the law regulation in 1908.

Antígeno heterólogo no diagnóstico imunológico da wuchereriose: extrato de Setaria equina utilizado na reação imunoenzimática - ELISA

A reação imunoenzimática - ELISA foi empregada na sorologia da Wuchereriose, utilizando como antígeno extrato bruto de verme adulto de Setaria equina. Foram estudados soros de 139 indivíduos em três grupos: grupo 1 - de pacientes com diagnóstico parasitológico de Wuchereriose; grupo 2 - de pacientes com diversas patologias; grupo 3 - de pessoas clinicamente normais, de área endêmica e não endêmica. O antígeno utilizado mostrou alta comunidade antigênica coma W. bancrofti. As reações cruzadas, obtidas em particular com soros de pacientes com parasitoses intestinais (áscaris, ancilóstoma) recomendam a investigação de frações antigênicas de Setaria equina que possam fornecer testes de maior especificidade.

A comparison of results from MRIO and interregional computable general equilibrium (CGE) analyses of the impacts of a positive demand shock on the ‘CO2 trade balance’ between Scotland and the rest of the UK

In previous work we have applied the environmental multi-region input-output (MRIO) method proposed by Turner et al (2007) to examine the ‘CO2 trade balance’ between Scotland and the Rest of the UK. In McGregor et al (2008) we construct an interregional economy-environment input-output (IO) and social accounting matrix (SAM) framework that allows us to investigate methods of attributing responsibility for pollution generation in the UK at the regional level. This facilitates analysis of the nature and significance of environmental spillovers and the existence of an environmental ‘trade balance’ between regions. While the existence of significant data problems mean that the quantitative results of this study should be regarded as provisional, we argue that the use of such a framework allows us to begin to consider questions such as the extent to which a devolved authority like the Scottish Parliament can and should be responsible for contributing to national targets for reductions in emissions levels (e.g. the UK commitment to the Kyoto Protocol) when it is limited in the way it can control emissions, particularly with respect to changes in demand elsewhere in the UK. However, while such analysis is useful in terms of accounting for pollution flows in the single time period that the accounts relate to, it is limited when the focus is on modelling the impacts of any marginal change in activity. This is because a conventional demand-driven IO model assumes an entirely passive supply-side in the economy (i.e. all supply is infinitely elastic) and is further restricted by the assumption of universal Leontief (fixed proportions) technology implied by the use of the A and multiplier matrices. In this paper we argue that where analysis of marginal changes in activity is required, a more flexible interregional computable general equilibrium approach that models behavioural relationships in a more realistic and theory-consistent manner, is more appropriate and informative. To illustrate our analysis, we compare the results of introducing a positive demand stimulus in the UK economy using both IO and CGE interregional models of Scotland and the rest of the UK. In the case of the latter, we demonstrate how more theory consistent modelling of both demand and supply side behaviour at the regional and national levels affect model results, including the impact on the interregional CO2 ‘trade balance’.