Incidência de parada cardíaca e mortalidade em pacientes geriátricos durante a anestesia em hospital universitário de atendimento terciário no período de 15 anos

Pós-graduação em Anestesiologia - FMB

Avaliação hemodinâmica e morfológica da cetamina S(+) associada à cardioplegia sanguínea em coração isolado de coelho

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Incidência de parada cardíaca e mortalidade durante anestesia em hospital universitário de atendimento terciário no período de 2005 a 2012

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Risk evaluation of diabetes mellitus by relation of chaotic globals to HRV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Parada cardíaca perioperatória e relacionada à anestesia: revisão sistemática com meta-análise proporcional e análise de metarregressão

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Parada cardíaca perioperatória e por fator anestésico em pacientes geriátricos: revisão sistemática com meta-análise e análise de metarregressão

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Risk Factor Analysis of Late Survival After Heart Transplantation According to Donor Profile: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study of 512 Transplants

Introduction. Patients with terminal heart failure have increased more than the available organs leading to a high mortality rate on the waiting list. Use of Marginal and expanded criteria donors has increased due to the heart shortage. Objective. We analyzed all heart transplantations (HTx) in Sao Paulo state over 8 years for donor profile and recipient risk factors. Method. This multi-institutional review collected HTx data from all institutions in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. From 2002 to 2008 (6 years), only 512 (28.8%) of 1777 available heart donors were accepted for transplantation. All medical records were analyzed retrospectively; none of the used donors was excluded, even those considered to be nonstandard. Results. The hospital mortality rate was 27.9% (n = 143) and the average follow-up time was 29.4 +/- 28.4 months. The survival rate was 55.5% (n = 285) at 6 years after HTx. Univariate analysis showed the following factors to impact survival: age (P = .0004), arterial hypertension (P = .4620), norepinephrine (P = .0450), cardiac arrest (P = .8500), diabetes mellitus (P = .5120), infection (P = .1470), CKMB (creatine kinase MB) (P = .8694), creatinine (P = .7225), and Na+ (P = .3273). On multivariate analysis, only age showed significance; logistic regression showed a significant cut-off at 40 years: organs from donors older than 40 years showed a lower late survival rates (P = .0032). Conclusions. Donor age older than 40 years represents an important risk factor for survival after HTx. Neither donor gender nor norepinephrine use negatively affected early survival.

Avaliação dos registros de enfermagem sobre ressuscitação cardiopulmonar baseada no modelo Utstein

Estudo transversal que avaliou a qualidade dos registros de enfermagem sobre ressuscitação cardiopulmonar. Foram revisados 42 prontuários de pacientes em uma unidade de terapia intensiva, utilizando o protocolo Utstein. Houve predomínio de homens (54,8%), idade de 21 a 70 anos (38,1%), correção de cardiopatias adquiridas (42,7%), com mais de um dispositivo pré-existente (147). Como causa imediata de parada cardiorrespiratória, predominou hipotensão (48,3%) e como ritmo inicial, bradicardia (37,5%). Apenas a hora do óbito e hora da parada foram registradas em 100% da amostra. Não foi registrado treinamento dos profissionais em Suporte Avançado de Vida. As causas da parada e ritmo inicial foram registrados em 69% e 76,2% da amostra. Compressões torácicas, obtenção de vias aéreas pérvias e desfibrilação foram registradas em menos de 16%. Os registros foram considerados de baixa qualidade, podendo incorrer em sanções legais aos profissionais e não permitindo a comparação da efetividade das manobras com outros centros.

Untersuchung zum Einfluss der ACD-CPR mit während der Dekompressionsphase blockiertem Gasfluss (ITD) im Vergleich zur Standard-Reanimationstechnik auf die Kurzzeit-Überlebensrate von Patienten mit präklinisch aufgetretenem Herzkreislaufstillstand

Untersuchung zum Einfluss der ACD-CPR (Aktive Kompressions- Dekompressions-Reanimation) mit während der Dekompressionsphase blockiertem Gasfluss (Impedance-Threshold-Device) im Vergleich zur Standardreanimationsrechnik auf die Kurzzeit-Überlebensrate von Patienten mit präklinisch aufgetretenem Herzkreislaufstillstand. Die Studie vergleicht die ACD-ITD-CPR gegen die Standard-CPR bei Patienten mit präklinischem Herkreislaufstillstand. Primär untersuchter Parameter war die Ein-Stunden-Überlebensrate nach Krankenhausaufnahme. Sekundär wurden die Tastbarkeit eines Pulses unter CPR, die Wiederkehr des Spontankreislaufs (ROSC), die Rate an Krankenhausaufnahmen, 24-Stunden-Überleben und Krankenhausentlassungen untersucht. Außerdem wurde das neurologische Outcome evaluiert. Die Studie fand in Mainz statt; Mainz bietet sich für die Durchführung notfallmedizinischer Studien in besonderem Maße an. Der Rettungsdienst der Stadt arbeitet nach dem in Deutschland üblichen zweigliedrigen System mit RA/RS auf RTWs und NA auf NAW/NEF. Die Studie wurde nach einer fünfmonatigen Pilotphase und extensivem Training beider Verfahren durchgeführt. Zusätzlich bestanden bei einigen der Beteiligten schon Erfahrungen mit ACD-CPR. Es ergaben sich signifikante Vorteile der ACD-ITD-CPR gegenüber der Standard-CPR hinsichtlich des primär untersuchten Parameters (51% vs. 32% p=0,006), außerdem statistisch auffällige Vorteile hinsichtlich der Pulstastbarkeit unter CPR (85% vs. 69%, p=0,008), der Wiederkehr des Spontankreislaufs (55% vs. 37%, p=0,016), der Rate der Krankenhausaufnahmen (52% vs. 36%, p=0.023) und des 24-Stunden-Überlebens (37% vs. 22%, p=0,033). Es ergaben sich keine statistisch auffälligen Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Rate an Krankenhausentlassungen und im neurologischen Outcome. Die Ergebnisse lassen den Schluss zu, dass die ACD-ITD die Kurzzeitüberlebensrate der Patienten mit außerklinischem Herzkreislaufstillstand verbessern kann. Eine Voraussetzung hierfür ist eine ausreichende und andauernde Ausbildung der beteiligten Helfer und/oder die Verfügbarkeit technisch verbesserter Lösungen. Weitere Untersuchungen zum Einfluss auf die Langzeitüberlebensraten und das neurologische Outcome scheinen angezeigt.

Students' knowledge of symptoms and risk factors of potential life-threatening medical conditions

In order to assess medical students' knowledge of Basic Life Support (BLS) principles, we defined a minimal knowledge (MK) of three life-threatening medical conditions that should be universally known: cardiac arrest, heart attack and stroke, and compared the results with those of laypersons.

Effects and limitations of an AED with audiovisual feedback for cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a randomized manikin study

Correctly performed basic life support (BLS) and early defibrillation are the most effective measures to treat sudden cardiac arrest. Audiovisual feedback improves BLS. Automated external defibrillators (AED) with feedback technology may play an important role in improving CPR quality. The aim of this simulation study was to investigate if an AED with audiovisual feedback improves CPR parameters during standard BLS performed by trained laypersons.

Cardiorenal End Points in a Trial of Aliskiren for Type 2 Diabetes

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to determine whether use of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren would reduce cardiovascular and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, or both. METHODS: In a double-blind fashion, we randomly assigned 8561 patients to aliskiren (300 mg daily) or placebo as an adjunct to an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin-receptor blocker. The primary end point was a composite of the time to cardiovascular death or a first occurrence of cardiac arrest with resuscitation; nonfatal myocardial infarction; nonfatal stroke; unplanned hospitalization for heart failure; end-stage renal disease, death attributable to kidney failure, or the need for renal-replacement therapy with no dialysis or transplantation available or initiated; or doubling of the baseline serum creatinine level. RESULTS: The trial was stopped prematurely after the second interim efficacy analysis. After a median follow-up of 32.9 months, the primary end point had occurred in 783 patients (18.3%) assigned to aliskiren as compared with 732 (17.1%) assigned to placebo (hazard ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98 to 1.20; P=0.12). Effects on secondary renal end points were similar. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were lower with aliskiren (between-group differences, 1.3 and 0.6 mm Hg, respectively) and the mean reduction in the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio was greater (between-group difference, 14 percentage points; 95% CI, 11 to 17). The proportion of patients with hyperkalemia (serum potassium level, ≥6 mmol per liter) was significantly higher in the aliskiren group than in the placebo group (11.2% vs. 7.2%), as was the proportion with reported hypotension (12.1% vs. 8.3%) (P<0.001 for both comparisons). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of aliskiren to standard therapy with renin-angiotensin system blockade in patients with type 2 diabetes who are at high risk for cardiovascular and renal events is not supported by these data and may even be harmful. (Funded by Novartis; ALTITUDE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00549757.).

Acute hyponatremia after cardioplegia by histidine-tryptophane-ketoglutarate - a retrospective study

Background Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in hospitalized patients and is known to be associated with increased mortality. The administration of antegrade single-shot, up to two liters, histidine-tryptophane-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution for adequate electromechanical cardiac arrest and myocardial preservation during minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (MIAVR) is a standard procedure. We aimed to determine the impact of HTK infusion on electrolyte and acid–base balance. Methods In this retrospective analysis we reviewed data on patient characteristics, type of surgery, arterial blood gas analysis during surgery and intra-/postoperative laboratory results of patients receiving surgery for MIAVR at a large tertiary care university hospital. Results A total of 25 patients were included in the study. All patients were normonatremic at start of surgery. All patients developed hyponatremia after administration of HTK solution with a significant drop of serum sodium of 15 mmol/L (p < 0.01). Measured osmolality did not change during all times of surgery compared to start of surgery (p = 0.28 – p = 0.79), indicating isotonic hyponatremia. After administration of HTK solution pH fell significantly due to development of metabolic acidosis. Conclusions Acute hyponatremia during cardioplegia with HTK solution is isotonic and should probably not be corrected without presence of hypotonicity as confirmed by measurement of serum osmolality.