527 resultados para Carapa-guianensis Meliaceae


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Six compounds comprising the groups of steroids, the ergosterol, the ergosterol peroxide, the cerevisterol, the neociclocitrinols, the ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one, the 25-hydroxy-ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one, were isolated from Penicillium herquei fungus obtained from Melia azedarach. The structures were identified by spectral methods of RMN 1D and 2D and MS.

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In the present work, the crude ethanol extract from wood of G. macrophylla was submitted to liquid/liquid partition between hexane, CH2Cl2, EtOAc and n-BuOH. Each phase was individually chromatographed over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 or Amberlite XAD-2 to give eight terpene derivatives, such as five sesquiterpenoids (caryophyllene oxide, guai-6-en-10β-ol, spathulenol, aromadendrane-4β,10α-diol and aloaromadendrane-4α,10β-diol) as well as three triterpenoids (cicloart-24-ene-3β,23(R*)-diol, cicloart-24-ene-3β,23(S*)-diol, and cicloart-23E-ene-3β,25-diol). Additionally, were isolated three fatty acids (linolenic, linoleic and stearic), two steroids (sitosterol and stigmasterol) and sacarose. The structures of all these compounds were characterized by spectrometric analysis, mainly mass spectrometry and NMR and comparison of these data described in the literature.

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The volatile oils from leaves of five Brazilian specimens of Swietenia macrophylla King (Meliaceae) collected in three different Amazon Rainforest Conservation Areas in the States of Mato Grosso, Pará, and Rondônia were extracted and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oils showed to be composed by terpenoids, majority hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes, being germacrene D (20.5-46.8%) and bicyclogermacrene (8.3-11.1%) the main components. Besides these derivatives, only α-cubebene, β-caryophyllene, β-gurjunene and γ-cadinene were detected in all of the analyzed samples. This analysis indicated a great diversity of constituents in the oils obtained from specimens collected in these regions, which could be associated to the different susceptibility in the attack of H. grandella in S. macrophylla cultures.

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This work describes the volatile composition obtained by hidrodistillation of fresh leaves of Siparuna guianensis Aublet collected from Cuiabá (MT), Brazil. The composition of DCM extract of hydrolate was determined by GC-MS analysis and the results showed that the specie present a range of components according to their phenology and period of the leaves were collects. The highest volatile components yield was obtained during the reproductive period and the principal compound was the siparunone.

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An evaluation of the insecticidal activity of the fruits extracts of Trichilia claussenii was carried out and the methanol extract revealed to have strong insecticidal activity. The fractionation of methanol extract of T. claussenii seeds bioassay-guided against Spodoptera frugiperda has led to the identification of the ω-phenylalkyl and alkenyl fatty acids as active compounds in this extract. The structures of the compounds were proposed by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data.

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Two new sesquiterpenes 6α-ethoxyeudesm-4(15)-en-1β-ol (1) and (7R*)-5-epi-opposit-4(15)-ene-1β,7-diol (7) were isolated from the seeds of a specimen of Guarea guidonia (Meliaceae). Five other known sesquiterpenes, eudesm-4(15)-ene-1β,6α-diol (2), 5-epi-eudesm-4(15)-ene-1β,6β-diol (3), eudesm-4(15)-ene-1β,5α-diol (4), eudesm-4(15),7-dien-1β-ol (5) and (7R*)-opposit-4(15)-ene-1β,7-diol (6), were also isolated in this work. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral data (MS, IR, and NMR-1D and 2D) and subsequent comparisons with the literature. The substances 3, 4 and 6 are reported for the first time in Meliaceae and 5 for the first time in the genus Guarea.

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This work describes the phytochemical study of the methanol extract obtained from leaves of Guarea macrophylla, leading to the isolation and identification of three flavonoid glycosides (quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-b-D-galactopyranoside, kaempferol 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) and a neolignan glucoside, dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-4-β-D-glucoside. All compounds were identified by a combination of spectroscopic methods (¹H, 1D, 2D NMR, 13C and UV), ESI-MS and comparison with the literature data. This is the first report of flavonoids in the genus Guarea and of a neolignan glucoside in the Meliaceae family.

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Simaba guianensis subesp. ecaudata (Simaroubaceae) is a tree found in the Brazilian Amazon. This work describes for the first time the fractionation of stems of this species that resulted in the isolation of the cytotoxic triterpene piscidinol A, the alkaloid 9-methoxycanthin-6-one, caryophyllene oxide, also isolated for the first time from this species and a new alkaloid (6-methoxy-(9H-β-carbolin-1-il)-(Z)-2-propenoic acid). Quantification of 9-methoxycanthin-6-one in different extracts and fractions of stems of S. guianensis by high performance liquid chromatography was also performed. The concentration of 9-methoxycanthin-6-one in methanolic and aqueous extracts were inferior to the known cytotoxic concentration of this compound.

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Minquartia guianensis, popularly known as acariquara, was phytochemically investigated. The following triterpenes were isolated from the dichloromethane extract of leaves: lupen-3-one (1), taraxer-3-one (2) and oleanolic acid (3). The dichloromethane extract of branches yielded the triterpene 3β-methoxy-lup-20(29)-ene (4). The chemical structures were characterized by NMR data. Plant extracts, substance 3, squalene (5) and taraxerol (6), (5 and 6 previously isolated), were evaluated by in vitro assay against chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum. The dichloromethane extract of leaves and the three triterpenes assayed have shown partial activity. Thus, these results demonstrated that new potential antimalarial natural products can be found even in partially active extracts.

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Thermal and spectroscopic analyses of essential oil extracted from Siparuna guianensis Aublet, an aromatic plant belonging to medicinal ethnobotany family Siparunaceae, were carried out. The plant is known throughout the North and Northeast of Brazil by the name negramina and has wide application as a natural insect repellent. Thermogravimetric analyses were correlated with the Arrhenius Equation to provide kinetic parameters of evaporation, including activation energy and frequency factor. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis showed the presence of an exothermic oxidation peak, probably as a result of transformations and decomposition of the solid structure before melting.

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Tapirira guianensis (Anacardiaceae) is used in traditional medicine and is important for the recovery of degraded areas and riparian forests because the T. guianensis fruits are highly consumed by wildlife. Volatile components from dried leaves and branches of five individual plants of T. guianensis were collected in two sandbank forests of the State of Pará (Extractive Reserve Maracanã and Area of Environmental Protection Algodoal/Maiandeua), extracted by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus, and analyzed by GC/MS. The ten oils obtained are comprised mostly of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (58.49 to 100%), with (E)-caryophyllene, β-selinene, α-selinene, β-sesquiphellandrene, and α-zingiberene being the most prominent. The results of the oil compositions were processed by Hierarchical Component Analysis (HCA) allowing the establishment of three groups of essential oils for T. guianensis differentiated by the content of β-selinene/α-selinene (Type I), (E)-caryophyllene (Type II), and β-sesquiphellandrene/α-zingiberene (Type III).

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From the leaves of a specimen of Trichilia silvatica Meliaceae, eight known compounds were isolated, namely, two pregnanes, 2α,3β,4β-trihydroxypregnan-16-one (1) and 2β,3β,4β-trihydroxypregnan-16-one (2), three diterpenes, cneorubine X (3), kolavelool (4) and kolavenol (5), in addition to γ-tocopherol, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-sitosterol and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-stigmasterol. This is the first reported occurrence of pregnane 1, diterpenes 3-5 and µ-tocopherol in the genus Trichilia. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined on the basis of their spectral data.

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Nos trabalhos em comunidades florestais, tradicionalmente são estudadas apenas a composição e a estrutura do componente arbóreo, relegando o estrato herbáceo-arbustivo ao esquecimento ou ao segundo plano. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram descrever a estrutura fitossociológica desse estrato para entender suas relações sinecológicas e, por fim, estudar a distribuição dos indivíduos pelas classes de tamanho para inferir sobre fatores e processos determinantes da organização florestal da Mata da Silvicultura. Para o estudo da fitossociologia da área foram utilizados os parâmetros de abundância obtidos a partir de 100 m² de amostra subdividida em parcelas de 1 m². A estrutura fitossociológica horizontal considerou todos os indivíduos com CAP menor que 10 cm ou com altura maior que 20 cm. Os aspectos dinâmicos foram avaliados por meio da distribuição de tamanhos individuais expressos pelos diâmetros à altura do solo em cada população amostrada. Foram amostrados 1.193 indivíduos de 109 espécies, pertencentes a 41 famílias botânicas, resultando em um índice de diversidade de Shannon (H') de 3,38 e equabilidade (J') de 0,72, valores considerados altos para a heterogeneidade do estrato herbáceo-arbustivo. As espécies mais importantes (VI) foram Piper lucaeanum, Psychotria conjugens, Olyra micrantha, Psychotria sessilis, Siparuna guianensis, Bambusa tuldoides, Ottonia leptostachya, Aparisthmium cordatum e Psychotria hastisepala. As famílias mais importantes (VI) foram Rubiaceae, Piperaceae, Poaceae, Monimiaceae, Leguminosae (Mimosoideae), Myrtaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Meliaceae, Lauraceae e Flacourtiaceae. Pela análise de distribuição de tamanhos foi levantada a hipótese de existirem dois grupos de espécies, segundo a estratégia que possuem de habitar o estrato herbáceo-arbustivo da Mata da Silvicultura. Um dos grupos seria formado pelas espécies que investem preferencialmente recursos energéticos no sistema caulinar e o outro, pelas espécies que investem recursos energéticos preferencialmente no sistema fotossintético.

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Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o crescimento de plantas jovens de nim-indiano (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) submetidas a diferentes regimes hídricos. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos (100, 80, 60, 40 e 20% da capacidade de pote, suspensão de rega e reirrigado). Avaliaram-se, semanalmente, a altura, número de folhas e diâmetro do caule. Ao final do experimento, as plantas tiveram seus órgãos separados e levados à estufa para obtenção da matéria seca das folhas, caule, raízes e total e, ainda, alocação de biomassa nas folhas, caule e raízes. Também foram calculadas a área foliar, a razão de área foliar e a área foliar específica. O déficit hídrico diminuiu a altura, número de folhas e diâmetro do caule das plantas nos tratamentos mais severos. Os efeitos do estresse também foram observados na redução da matéria seca das folhas, caule, raízes e total e na alocação de biomassa para as folhas. A área foliar também apresentou reduções, mas a razão de área foliar e a área foliar específica não diferiram entre os tratamentos. As plantas reirrigadas mostraram recuperação, principalmente evidenciada pela emissão de novas folhas. Desse modo, sugere-se que para máximo crescimento o nim deve ser cultivado, na fase inicial de desenvolvimento, com 80% da capacidade de pote.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a composição florística e a estrutura da comunidade arbórea, bem como a distribuição das espécies em diferentes grupos ecológicos e os solos dos estádios inicial e avançado, de uma Floresta Estacional Semidecidual localizada no campus da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, em Viçosa, MG (20°46' S e 42°52' W). O levantamento foi realizado em meio hectare, onde foram alocadas 10 parcelas de 25 x 10 m em cada trecho, sendo amostrados todos os indivíduos com circunferência do tronco a 1,30 m do solo (CAP) > 15 cm. Registraram-se 820 indivíduos, sendo 440 no trecho de floresta inicial e 380 no de floresta avançada. No levantamento florístico da floresta inicial foram amostradas 76 espécies, pertencentes a 28 famílias, destacando-se como as de maior número de indivíduos Fabaceae (137), Urticaceae (45) e Sapindaceae (41) e, as com os maiores valores de importância, Cecropia glaziovii Snethl., Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speng., Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) Macbr., Allophylus sericeus Radlk., Siparuna guianensis Aubl. e Maclura tinctoria (L.) Don ex Steud. O índice de diversidade de Shannon (H') foi de 3,57 nat.ind.-1 e a equabilidade (J'), de 0,82. Já na floresta avançada foram amostradas 59 espécies, distribuídas em 26 famílias, das quais Fabaceae (103), Meliaceae (49) e Flacourtiaceae (34) sobressaíram com maior número de indivíduos. Por sua vez, as espécies com os maiores valores de importância foram A. peregrina, Trichilia pallida Swartz, Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze., P. gonoacantha, Rollinia silvatica Mart. e S. guianensi. O índice de diversidade de Shannon (H') foi de 3,49 nat.ind.-1 e a equabilidade (J'), de 0,85. No contínuo, o índice de Shannon (H') e a equabilidade (J') foram de 3,82 nat.ind.-1 e 0,84, respectivamente. Cada floresta apresentou distinta identidade florística e estrutural, tendendo a ser minimizada com o avanço da sucessão.