Soybean cultivar BR-16-AHAS tolerance to the herbicide imazapyr

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the transgenic soybean BR-16-AHAS genetic constitution on the tolerance to the herbicide imazapyr. BR-16-AHAS was crossed with ten other genotypes. The experimental design was a complete randomized block, in a 2x12x3 factorial arrangement, with two sowing periods (winter and summer), twelve crossing groups and three plant positions (upper, mid and lower), with three replicates. The plants were treated with 100 g ha-1 a.i. of imazapyr at the V3/V4 stage. For each position of the plant (upper, mid and lower), the following variables were assessed: number of pods, number of seeds, seed weight, number of seeds per pod and the 100 seeds weight. The effect of the herbicide varied according to the more affected plant position (upper, mid and lower) of each genotype. The use of the same gene ahas of BR-16-AHAS, in various genotypes, results in materials with good tolerance to imazapyr; tolerance levels depend not only on the ahas gene, but also on the presence of other genes.

BRS Deméter: nova cultivar de cevada cervejeira irrigada para o Cerrado do Brasil Central

BRS Deméter é uma cultivar de cevada dística (duas fileiras de grãos) de ampla adaptação, sob irrigação, ao Cerrado do Brasil Central. Apresenta potencial produtivo de grãos acima de 5.000 kg ha-1, estabilidade de produção e alta qualidade industrial malte-cervejeira. A cultivar atende às demandas do produtor por rendimento competitivo e às da indústria malteira por alta qualidade cervejeira.

Cell suspension culture and plant regeneration of a Brazilian plantain, cultivar Terra

The objective of this study was to establish cell suspension culture and plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis of a Brazilian plantain, cultivar Terra Maranhão, AAB. Immature male flowers were used as explant source for generating highly embryogenic cultures 45 days after inoculation, which were used for establishment of cell suspension culture and multiplication of secondary somatic embryos. Five semisolid culture media were tested for differentiation, maturation, somatic embryos germination and for plant regeneration. An average of 558 plants per one milliliter of 5% SCV (settled cell volume) were regenerated in the MS medium, with 11.4 µM indolacetic acid and 2.2 µM 6-benzylaminopurine. Regenerated plants showed a normal development, and no visible somaclonal variation was observed in vitro. It is possible to regenerate plants from cell suspensions of plantain banana cultivar Terra using MS medium supplemented with 11.4 µM of IAA and 2.2 µM of BAP.

BRS 1002: nova cultivar de milho para o Sul do Brasil

O híbrido de milho BRS 1002 é um híbrido simples, de ciclo precoce, desenvolvido pela Embrapa Trigo, em Passo Fundo, RS. Apresenta excelente sanidade foliar associada à alta produtividade, ótima estabilidade de produção, porte médio, arquitetura ereta, resistência ao acamamento e quebramento, além de ótimo empalhamento. BRS 1002 é indicado para a época normal de semeadura nos estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Sul do Paraná.

Raleio de cachos em vinhedos de altitude e qualidade do vinho da cultivar Syrah

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes intensidades de raleio de cachos de uvas (Vitis vinifera L.), em vinhedos de altitude, sobre a evolução dos compostos fenólicos durante a maturação da uva. O experimento foi conduzido em São Joaquim, SC, a uma altitude média de 1.230 m, em videiras da cv.Syrah, enxertadas sobre 'Paulsen 1103', conduzidas em espaldeira, em duplo cordão esporonado, espaçadas em 3x1,2 m, com cobertura antigranizo. Os tratamentos de raleio foram definidos de modo a se ter redução da produtividade em 13,3, 26,6 e 40% em relação à produtividade do tratamento controle sem raleio, estimada em 15 Mg ha-1. Os tratamentos foram ajustados quando 50% das bagas encontravam-se em "véraison". Odelineamento foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e 40 plantas por tratamento. As avaliações foram feitas nas safras 2005/2006 e 2006/2007. Avaliou-se a evolução dos compostos fenólicos durante as oito semanas antecedentes à colheita. O raleio de cachos aumentou o conteúdo de antocianinas quando a produtividade estimada foi de 12 Mg ha-1, e melhorou a composição fenólica das bagas, atributos esses favoráveis à produção de vinhos tintos finos de qualidade.

CD 117: nova cultivar de trigo de ampla adaptação

A cultivar de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) CD 117 foi obtida pela Cooperativa Central de Pesquisa Agrícola, por meio do cruzamento entre os genótipos PF 87373 e OC 938, a partir de uma linha selecionada na geração F6. Após dois anos de ensaios preliminares e cinco anos de avaliação em ensaios de valor de cultivo e uso, a cv. CD 117 foi indicada para cultivo no Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Minas Gerais e Distrito Federal. Essa cultivar de trigo apresenta ampla adaptação, elevada qualidade industrial e rendimento médio de grãos de 3.877 kg ha-1, que supera em 6,3% a média das cultivares testemunhas.

Características vegetativas, fenológicas e produtivas do pessegueiro cultivar Chimarrita enxertado em diferentes porta-enxertos

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes porta-enxertos no desenvolvimento vegetativo, fenológico e produtivo do pessegueiro [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] cv. Chimarrita. Os porta-enxertos utilizados foram 'Capdeboscq', 'Tsukuba 1', 'Okinawa', 'Aldrighi' e 'GF 305'. As variáveis analisadas foram: diâmetro do tronco, volume da copa, material retirado da poda, época de brotação, época de floração, quantidade de clorofila, área foliar específica, comprimento dos ramos principais, produtividade, massa dos frutos, coloração do fruto, firmeza de polpa, teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez titulável (TA), relação SST/AT, fenóis totais e época de maturação. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições com cinco plantas cada. Não houve efeito dos porta-enxertos em: início da brotação, início da queda de folha, área foliar específica e maturação e massa de fruto. O diâmetro de tronco, comprimento de ramos, volume de copa, massa verde da poda e quantidade de clorofila foram influenciados mais pelos porta-enxertos 'Capdeboscq', 'Okinawa' e 'Tsukuba 1'. O maior número de flores por ramo foi obtido com o porta-enxerto 'Capdeboscq'. Frutos mais avermelhados foram produzidos com o porta-enxerto 'GF 305', e os vermelho-amarelados com 'Okinawa'.

Potassium permanganate effects in postharvest conservation of the papaya cultivar Sunrise Golden

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of KMnO4 on the extension of postharvest life of 'Sunrise Golden' papaya, stored under modified atmosphere and refrigeration. Fruit with up to 10% yellow peel were harvested in a commercial orchard in Linhares, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Sets of three fruit (unit mass of 289.9±18.5 g) were wrapped in low-density polyethylene films (28 ¼m thick) containing sachets of KMnO4 at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 g per bag. The bags were sealed and stored at 10.4±0.9°C and 90±5% relative humidity for 25 days. After this period, the fruit were removed from the bags and maintained at 21±0.8°C and 90±5% relative humidity until complete ripening. Four days after bag sealing, CO2 concentration stabilized in all treatments, and was higher in bags without KMnO4. In all treatments, fruit reached the climacteric respiratory peak on the third day after bag removal, coinciding with peel color index of 3.5. Increasing the KMnO4 dose reduced the losses in fruit fresh matter, consistency and pulp electrolyte leakage. Potassium permanganate was effective in maintaining the fruit at the pre-climacteric stage during the 25-day storage, and did not interfere with normal ripening after bag removal.

Potato cultivar identification using molecular markers

The objective of this work was to evaluate a set of microsatellite markers for varietal identification and characterization of the most widespread potato cultivars in Brazil. The DNA from 14 potato cultivars was genotyped using microsatellite markers and the alleles were scored in silver-stained polyacrylamide gel. Twenty-four microsatellite markers were evaluated, and only one locus was monomorphic. Based on band patterns, a set of two microsatellites that were able to identify and differentiate all examined cultivars was obtained.

Yield potential of chive : effects of cultivar, plastic mulch and fertilisation

Selostus: Lajikkeen, muovikatteen ja lannoituksen vaikutus ruohosipulin satoon

QTLs for resistance to soybean cyst nematode, races 3, 9, and 14 in cultivar Hartwig

The objective of this work was to identify major and minor-effect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to races 3, 9, and 14 of soybean cyst nematode (SCN) in Hartwig cultivar; to map new resistance QTLs for these races; and to check for the existence of epistatic interactions between QTLs. Cultivar Hartwig is an important resistance source to SCN. Recombinant inbred lines (RIL) obtained from a cross between 'Hartwig' (resistant) and Y23 (susceptible) were evaluated regarding resistance to the three races. New genomic regions for resistance to SCN were identified by microsatellites. Four QTLs, which explained between 12 and 34% of phenotypic variance, were detected for resistance to race 3 in linkage groups (LG) A2, G, J, and M. The QTL in LG G is also important for resistance to race 9. Epistatic interactions were detected between loci, which indicate resistance to races 9 and 14. There are high and low-effect resistance QTLs to SCN.

Watermelon transformation with Zucchini yellow mosaic virus coat protein gene and comparison with parental cultivar

The objective of this work was to transfer Zucchini yellow mosaic virus coat protein (ZYMV-CP) and neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPT II) genes to the watermelon 'Crimson Sweet'(CS) genome, and to compare the transgenic progenies T1 and T2 with the nontransformed parental cultivar for morphological, pomological, growth and yield characteristics. The ZYMV-CP gene was transferred by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The presence of the gene in transgenic T0, T1 and T2 plants was determined by polymerase chain reaction, and the results were confirmed by Southern blot. Two experiments were performed, one in the winter-spring and the other in the summer-autumn. In both experiments, the hypocotyl length of transgenic seedlings was significantly higher than that of nontransgenic parental ones. In the second experiment, the differences between transgenic and nontransgenic individuals were significant concerning fruit rind thickness, flesh firmness, fruit peduncle length, size of pistil scar, and a* values for fruit stripe or flesh color. Transferring ZYMV-CP gene to CS genome affected only a few characteristics from the 80 evaluated ones. The changes in rind thickness, flesh firmness and flesh color a* values are favorable, while the increase in the size of pistil scar is undesirable. The transgenic watermelon line having ZYMV-CP gene and the parental cultivar CS are very similar.

Chemical characteristics of grape juices from different cultivar and rootstock combinations

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different combinations of grape cultivars and rootstocks on chemical characteristics of grape juices. Six treatments were evaluated, consisting of combinations between the Isabel Precoce and BRS Cora grape cultivars and the 'IAC 766', 'IAC 313', and 'IAC 572' rootstocks. Approximately 10 L of juice were obtained per treatment. Analyses of color, total soluble solids content, pH, anthocyanins, total phenolics, total sugars, and quantification and identification of biogenic amines by HPLC were performed. Biogenic amines, such as putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, and spermine, were found in all evaluated cultivars. By principal component analysis (PCA), treatments can be divided into two groups, according to the cultivar. Juices obtained from 'Isabel Precoce' are characterized by higher levels of total sugar content and soluble solids; however, juices from 'BRS Cora' are positively correlated with phenolic content, anthocyanins, and color and acidity parameters. The differences found by PCA for juices from the Isabel Precoce and BRS Cora cultivars indicate that, regardless of the rootstock used, the most important factor in the chemical characterization of juices is the grape cultivar.

Metadifferentiation of iris nevi after iridectomy: a clinicopathological small case series

Abstract Purpose Iridectomy of suspicious pigmented tumors provides the presumed advantage of both a histopathological diagnosis and treatment of the lesion. We present 2 patients that developed an iris melanoma with extrascleral extension at the site of their iridectomy of a histopathologically proven nevus, 46 and 2.5 years later. Methods Retrospective, clinicopathological small case series of 2 patients. Results Two patients underwent iridectomy for a suspicious tumor, the first in 1963 and the second in 2006. Pathological diagnosis was a benign and a borderline nevus respectively. In 2009, both patients presented with a recurrent melanocytic iridociliary tumor with an extrascleral extension adjacent to the surgical scar. Pathological examination confirmed melanoma. Consequently, the two patients underwent proton beam therapy of the whole anterior segment, with limbus deposition and reposition. Conclusion Iridectomy of a histopathologically proven nevus doesn't exclude the possibility of a metadifferentiation of remaining nevus cells into melanoma, even after 46 years. Additionally, treatment in case of a recurrence is more complicated than a primary radiotherapy of the unbiopsied iris tumor, with clinical proof of growth, would have been.

Germination and development of pecan cultivar seedlings by seed stratification

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of seed stratification on germination rate, germination speed, and initial development of seedlings of six pecan (Carya illinoinensis) cultivars under subtropical climatic conditions in southern Brazil. For stratification, the seeds were placed in boxes with moist sand, in a cold chamber at 4°C, for 90 days. In the fourteenth week after sowing, the emergence speed index, total emergence, plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves were evaluated. Seed stratification significantly improves the germination potential and morphological traits of the evaluated cultivars.