L'amélioration de la qualité des huîtres à échelle professionnelle: intégration de l'eau salée souterraine traitée comme milieu d'élevage

Les travaux menés au LCPL depuis plusieurs année sur l'engraissement contrôlé de l'huître creuse Crassostrea gigas ont permis, à l'échelle expérimentale de définir les différents paramètres d'élevage: Température: 14°C ration alimentaire: 2.109 cell/ind/j de la diatomée Skeletonema costatum indice AFNOR initial sans incidence débit d'eau: 3 lIind/h eau de mer ou eau salée souterraine Dans ces conditions et après 30 jours d'engraissement, le poids total des huîtres a progressé de 10%, le poids sec de 230%, l'indice AFNOR de 80% et la concentration en glycogène de 450%. Le travail réalisé ici a pour but de transposer de l'échelle expérimentale à une échelle significative pour les professionnels, la technique d'engraissement contrôlé en utilisant l'eau salée souterraine pour la production de phytoplancton d'une part et comme vecteur de régulation thermique d'autre part. En effet, un des intérêts de l'utilisation de l'eau salée souterraine réside dans sa température constante de 14°C permettant un engraissement des huîtres en toute saison sans risque de déclenchement de la gamétogenèse. Afin de vérifier cette possibilité, l'étude a été réalisée au cours de deux saisons: printemps et automne. Pour l'eassai automnal, trois bassins de 8 m2 ont été utilisés, alimentés respectivement en eau de mer naturelle, eau de mer régulé en température par échange thermique avec de l'eau salée souterraine et eau salée souterraine traitée. Dans chaque bassin, 330 kg d'huîtres ont été disposées en 7 ruches de 4 clayettes. Pour l'essai printanier, seuls deux bassins ont été utilisés, alimentés en eau de mer thermorégulée à deux débits différents: 0.61/h et 3 lIh. L'étude a été conduite pour chaque saison sur une période de 35 jours. En automne 2000, l'indice de qualité de chair de 8.2 initialement, a atteint 12.5 en eau salée souterraine, 13.8 en eau de mer thermorégulée et 14.2 en eau de mer naturelle. Le poids de chair sèche passe de 0.9 g initialement à respectivement 2.32g, 2.39g et 2.37g. Les dosages de Pb, Cd, Hg, Mn et As ne montent pas d'évolution entre le début et la fin de l'élevage, par contre le Fe augmente sensiblement dans les huîtres sur eau salée souterraine traitée. En fin d'élevage, une période de stockage de 4 semaines des huîtres sans nourriture, n'a pas montré de perte de qualité. Au printemps 2001, un deuxième essai sera conduit pour vérifier les résultats obtenus à l'automne 2000, confirmer le choix du milieu d'élevage et proposer les éléments permettant d'approcher les coûts de production.

Mark-recapture may reveal more about ecology than about population trends: Demography of a threatened ghost bat (Macroderma gigas) population

Since European settlement in Australia, the geographical range of ghost bats (Macroderma gigas) has contracted northwards. Ghost bats are thought to occur in disjunct populations with little interpopulation migration, raising concerns over the current status and future viability of the southernmost colony, which has also been threatened by mining activity. To address these concerns, demographic parameters of the southernmost colony were estimated from a mark-recapture study conducted during 1975-1981. Female bats gave birth to a single young in late spring, but only 40% (22-70%, 95% CI) of females bred in their second year, increasing to 93% (87-97%, 95% CI) for females greater than or equal to 2 years old. Sixty-five percent of juveniles caught were female. Annual adult survival ranged between 0.57-0.77 for females and 0.43-0.66 for males, and was lowest over winter-spring and greatest in autumn-winter. Juvenile survival for the first year ranged between 0.35-0.46 for females and 0.29-0.42 for males. Adult survival varied among seasons, was negatively associated with rainfall, but was not associated with temperature beyond being lower in late winter. Poor survival may result from the inferior daytime roosts that bats must use if water seepage forces them to leave their normal roosts. Although these age-specific rates of fecundity and survival suggested a declining population, mark-recapture estimates of the population trend indicated stability over the study period. Counts at daytime roosts also suggested a population decline, but were considered unreliable because of an increasing tendency of bats to avoid detection. It is therefore likely that some assumptions in estimating survival were violated. These results provide a caution against the uncritical use of population projections derived from mark-recapture estimates of demographic parameters, and the use of untested indices as the basis for conservation decisions.

Structural stability of adenylate kinase from the sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio gigas

Biophysical Chemistry 110 (2004) 83–92

Zinc-substituted desulfovibrio gigas desulforedoxins

Protein Science (2002), 11:2464–2470

Direct electrochemistry of the Desulfovibrio gigas aldehyde oxidoreductase

Eur. J. Biochem. 271, 1329–1338 (2004)

Kinetic behavior of Desulfovibrio gigas aldehyde oxidoreductase encapsulated in reverse micelles

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 308 (2003) 73–78

Hydrogen evolution and consumption in AOT–isooctane reverse micelles by Desulfovibrio gigas hydrogenase

The enzyme hydrogenase isolated from the sulphate reducing anaerobic bacterium Desulfovibrio gigas was encapsulated in reverse micelles of AOT–water–isooctane. The enzyme ability to consume molecular hydrogen was studied as a function of the micelle size (given by Wo = [H2O]/[organic solvent]). A peak of catalytic activity was obtained for Wo = 18, a micelle size theoretically fitting the heterodimeric hydrogenase molecule. At this Wo value, the recorded catalytic activity was slightly higher than in a buffer system(Kcat = 169.43 s−1 against the buffer value of 151 s−1). The optimal buffer used to encapsulate the enzyme was found to be imidazole 50 mM, pH 9.0. The molecular hydrogen production activity was also tested in this reverse micelle medium.

Caracterização de dois novos tipos de centros ferro-enxofre em duas proteínas isoladas de bactérias redutoras de sulfato (desulfovibrio gigas NCIB 9332)

Tese apresentada para obtenção do grau de Doutor

Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae in oyster, Crassostrea rhizophorae, collected from a natural nursery in the Cocó river estuary, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil

Oysters are edible organisms that are often ingested partially cooked or even raw, presenting therefore a very high risk to the consumers' health, especially in tropical regions. The presence of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters sampled at an estuary in the Brazilian northeastern region was studied, with 300 oysters tested through an 8-months period. The salinity of the water at the sampling point varied between 3% and 27‰. V. cholerae was the most frequently detected species (33.3% of the samples), and of the 22 V. cholerae isolates, 20 were identified as non-O1/non-O139, with two of the colonies presenting a rough surface and most of remaining ones belonging to the Heiberg II fermentation group. V. parahaemolyticus was isolated from just one of the samples. Other bacteria such as Providencia spp., Klebsiella spp. and Morganella morganii were also isolated.

Cobalt-, zinc- and iron-bound forms of adenylate kinase (AK) from the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio gigas: purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis

Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2009 Sep 1;65(Pt 9):926-9

Crystallization and crystallographic analysis of the apo form of the orange protein (ORP) from desulfovibrio gigas

Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications Volume 65, Part 8

Aeromonas spp. isolated from oysters (Crassostrea rhizophorea) from a natural oyster bed, Ceará, Brazil

Between April and October 2002, thirty fortnightly collections of oysters (Crassostrea rhizophorea) from a natural oyster bed at the Cocó River estuary in the Sabiaguaba region (Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil) were carried out, aiming to isolate Aeromonas spp. strains. Oyster samples were submitted to the direct plating (DP) and the presence/absence (P/A) methods. Aeromonas were identified in 15 (50%) samples analyzed by the DP method and in 13 (43%) analyzed by the P/A method. A. caviae, A. eucrenophila, A. media, A. sobria, A. trota, A. veronii bv. sobria, A. veronii bv. veronii and Aeromonas sp. were isolated. The predominant species was A. veronii (both biovars), which was identified in 13 (43%) samples, followed by A. media in 11 (37%) and A. caviae in seven (23%). From the 59 strains identified, 28 (48%) presented resistance to at least one of the eight antibiotics tested.

Crystal structure of the zinc-, cobalt-, and iron-containing adenylate kinase from Desulfovibrio gigas: a novel metal-containing adenylate kinase from Gram-negative bacteria

J Biol Inorg Chem (2011) 16:51–61 DOI 10.1007/s00775-010-0700-8

Kinetic, Structural, and EPR Studies Reveal That Aldehyde Oxidoreductase from Desulfovibrio gigas Does Not Need a Sulfido Ligand for Catalysis and Give Evidence for a Direct Mo-C Interaction in a Biological System

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, 131 (23), pp 7990–7998 DOI: 10.1021/ja809448r

NMR assignment of the apo-form of a Desulfovibrio gigas protein containing a novel Mo–Cu cluster

Biomol NMR Assign (2007) 1:81–83 DOI 10.1007/s12104-007-9022-3