C-H and C-D interbond coupling in CHDCl2

Laser photoacoustic spectra of vapour phase CHDCl2 reveal the presence of an interaction which has been ascribed to interbond coupling between C-H and C-D local modes. The absolute value of the interbond coupling parameter for the CHD group, determined from a fit of a model local mode hamiltonian to the experimental data, is shown to be given approximately by the geometric mean of the interbond coupling parameters of the CH2 and CD2 groups recently derived from similar studies of CH2Cl2 and CD2Cl2. Such behaviour is understood in terms of a simple analysis in which kinetic coupling effects dominate. It is suggested that C-H stretch/bend Fermi resonance is responsible for some weaker features in the spectra and modelling calculations are described which allow an order of magnitude estimate of the size of the coupling parameter involved.

Stress field control of eruption dynamics at a rift volcano: Nyamuragira, D.R.Congo

Using the record of 30 flank eruptions over the last 110 years at Nyamuragira, we have tested the relationship between the eruption dynamics and the local stress field. There are two groups of eruptions based on their duration (< 80days >) that are also clustered in space and time. We find that the eruptions fed by dykes parallel to the East African Rift Valley have longer durations (and larger volumes) than those eruptions fed by dykes with other orientations. This is compatible with a model for compressible magma transported through an elastic-walled dyke in a differential stress field from an over-pressured reservoir (Woods et al., 2006). The observed pattern of eruptive fissures is consistent with a local stress field modified by a northwest-trending, right lateral slip fault that is part of the northern transfer zone of the Kivu Basin rift segment. We have also re-tested with new data the stochastic eruption models for Nyamuragira of Burt et al. (1994). The time-predictable, pressure-threshold model remains the best fit and is consistent with the typically observed declining rate of sulphur dioxide emission during the first few days of eruption with lava emission from a depressurising, closed, crustal reservoir. The 2.4-fold increase in long-term eruption rate that occurred after 1977 is confirmed in the new analysis. Since that change, the record has been dominated by short-duration eruptions fed by dykes perpendicular to the Rift. We suggest that the intrusion of a major dyke during the 1977 volcano-tectonic event at neighbouring Nyiragongo volcano inhibited subsequent dyke formation on the southern flanks of Nyamuragira and this may also have resulted in more dykes reaching the surface elsewhere. Thus that sudden change in output was a result of a changed stress field that forced more of the deep magma supply to the surface. Another volcano-tectonic event in 2002 may also have changed the magma output rate at Nyamuragira.

Co-eruptive and inter-eruptive surface deformation measured by satellite radar interferometry at Nyamuragira volcano, D.R. Congo, 1996 to 2010.

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) measurements of surface deformation at Nyamuragira Volcano between 1996 and 2010 reveal a variety of co-eruptive and inter-eruptive signals. During 7 of the 8 eruptions in this period deformation was measured that is consistent with the emplacement of shallow near-vertical dykes feeding the eruptive fissures and associated with a NNW-trending fissure zone that traverses the summit caldera. Between eruptions the caldera and the summit part of this fissure zone subsided gradually (b3–5 cm/year). We also find evidence of post-eruption subsidence around the sites of the main vents of some flank eruptions (2002, 2004, 2006, and 2010). In the 6 months prior to the 2010 eruption a10-km wide zone centred on the caldera inflated by 1–2 cm. The low magnitude of this signal suggests that the presumed magma reservoir at 3–8 km depth contains highly compressible magma with little stored elastic strain energy. To the north of the caldera the fissure zone splits into WNW and NE branches around a zone that has a distinct InSAR signal. We interpret this zone to represent an elevated, 'stable' block of basement rocks buried by lavas within the Rift Zone.

Fatores de motivação de trabalhadores das classes sociais C, D e E.

Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidas duas estruturas multifatoriais de motivações que, baseadas nas teorias de conteúdo e processo, têm como objetivo avaliar a importância que o trabalhador atribui para a satisfação de suas necessidades e sobre as características que são importantes para o estabelecimento das metas dentro da organização. Nesse sentido, foi elaborado um instrumento de pesquisa (questionário), o qual foi aplicado em campo, com o retorno de 653 respondentes, pertencentes a uma empresa do setor de prestação de serviços de telecomunicações com funcionários pertencentes às classes sociais C, D e E. Com relação ao modelo fatorial das Teorias de Conteúdo, a Análise Fatorial Confirmatória mostrou a existência de três construtos, que representam as necessidades primárias, de interação e de ego do trabalhador. Sendo que esta segmentação das necessidades do indivíduo foi desenvolvida pelo autor, através dos argumentos teóricos de Maslow, Alderfer, McClelland e Herzberg. A estrutura multifatorial para as teorias de processo foi elaborada a partir das teorias da Eqüidade (Adams), Expectativa (Vroom) e do Estabelecimento de Metas (Locke e Latham), tendo o como foco, as características das metas, prazo para a recompensa e justiça no trabalho que são importantes para o trabalhador. Os resultados que a satisfação das necessidades primárias é tão importante para o trabalhador quanto às demais, comprovando de certa forma, a teoria no que se refere à segmentação fatorial das necessidades humanas, mas não se encontraram evidências que suportem a afirmação da existência de certa hierarquia. No que tange às teorias de processo, com o foco nas características das metas, constatou-se que o trabalhador julga ser importante que as metas sejam específicas, claras, realistas, mensuráveis, com prazo e acordadas entre as partes, porém, não mostrou que existe alguma preferência pelo prazo para receber a recompensa. Apesar do construto “Justiça no Trabalho” ter sido avaliado com relação à equidade e à instrumentabilidade entre desempenho e recompensa, não foi possível comprovar a importância desses dois elementos como formadores deste construto para o trabalhador, mas que existe a questão da justiça como elemento correlacionado à meta.

Bi-Lipschitz G-triviality and Newton polyhedra, G = R, C, K, R-V, C-V, K-V

In this work we provide estimates for the bi-Lipschitz G-triviality, G = C or K, for a family of map germs satisfying a Lojasiewicz condition. We work with two cases: the class of weighted homogeneous map germs and the class of non-degenerate map germs with respect to some Newton polyhedron. We also consider the bi-Lipschitz triviality for families of map germs defined on an analytic variety V. We give estimates for the bi-Lipschitz G(V)-triviality where G = R,C or K in the weighted homogeneous case. Here we assume that the map germ and the analytic variety are both weighted homogeneous with respect to the same weights. The method applied in this paper is based in the construction of controlled vector fields in the presence of a suitable Lojasiewicz condition. In the last section of this work we compare our results with other results related to this work showing tables with all estimates that we know, including ours.

Diffusion of Lambda(c) in hot hadronic medium and its impact on Lambda(c)/D ratio

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)