Ototoxicidade da cisplatina em crianças e adolescentes com câncer

Introdução: A cisplatina tem sido associada à perda auditiva. O local da toxicidade são as células ciliadas externas da cóclea. Geralmente, o dano é irreversível, bilateral e a perda auditiva se caracteriza por ser neurossensorial em freqüências altas. Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar a função auditiva de crianças e adolescentes com câncer tratados com cisplatina. Procedimentos: Vinte e três pacientes sobreviventes do tratamento de câncer com cisplatina no Serviço de Oncologia Pediátrica do HCPA no período de 1991-2004 realizaram audiometria tonal liminar, emissões otoacústicas evocadas transitórias (TEOA) e emissões otoacústicas evocadas por produto de distorção (DPEOA). Resultados: 61% dos pacientes tinham o diagnóstico de osteossarcoma, 17% tumores de células germinativas e 22% tumor hepático. A mediana da idade dos pacientes foi de 12,3 anos e a mediana da dose total de cisplatina recebida foi 406mg/m2. A perda auditiva observada na audiometria foi moderada a severa, bilateral e em altas freqüências. As TEOA e as DPEOA detectaram 22% e 71% de alterações cocleares, respectivamente. Foi observada alta concordância entre os achados da audiometria e da DPEOA (P=0.01). Não houve influencia de sexo, diagnóstico e uso de outras drogas ototóxicas concomitantemente à cisplatina na perda auditiva. Observou-se uma tendência de aumento da perda auditiva para pacientes mais jovens e para aqueles com maior dose cumulativa de cisplatina. Conclusão: Este estudo fornece evidências do dano auditivo causado pela cisplatina e salienta a importância de monitorar a função auditiva em crianças e adolescentes submetidos a tratamento antineoplásico com cisplatina, especialmente em crianças pequenas, que apresentam um risco maior de perda auditiva, capaz de comprometer o desenvolvimento da linguagem oral e escrita.

A influência da luz laser de baixa energia na prevenção de mucosite oral em crianças e adolescentes com câncer

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência do laser de baixa energia na prevenção ou redução de mucosite oral em crianças e adolescentes. Pacientes e Métodos: Este trabalho foi um ensaio clínico randomizado cego. Pacientes de três a 18 anos tratados com quimioterapia ou transplante de células progenitoras hematopoéticas entre maio de 2003 e fevereiro de 2005 foram incluídos no estudo. Nos pacientes do grupo intervenção foi aplicado laser na mucosa oral por cinco dias, a partir do primeiro dia da quimioterapia. As avaliações orais foram realizadas no primeiro dia, no oitavo e no 15º dia após o início do tratamento, utilizando-se a escala para avaliação do grau de mucosite oral recomendada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde de 1998. As avaliações foram realizadas pelo mesmo examinador, sem envolvimento na randomização. Resultados: Sessenta pacientes foram incluídos no estudo, 39 (65%) foram meninos, 35 (58%) tinham diagnóstico de leucemias e linfomas e 25 (42%) tinham diagnóstico de tumores sólidos. A média de idade foi 8,7 ± 4,3 anos. Vinte e nove pacientes foram randomizados para receber a intervenção e 31 para o grupo controle. Nenhum paciente teve evidência de mucosite oral na primeira avaliação. Na segunda avaliação, no dia oito, 20 pacientes (36%) desenvolveram mucosite, 13 deles eram do grupo que recebeu laser e sete do grupo controle. Na terceira avaliação, no dia 15, 24 (41%) pacientes desenvolveram mucosite oral, 13 deles foram do grupo laser e 11 do grupo controle. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos para o grau de mucosite oral no dia oito (P=0,234), nem no dia 15 (P=0,208). Conclusão: O uso do laser de baixa intensidade não mostrou evidências suficientes que possam justificar a sua recomendação como medida preventiva para mucosite oral em crianças e adolescentes submetidas à quimioterapia.

Apropriação de ferramentas computacionais em ambientes digitais virtuais, por crianças com câncer hospitalizadas

Este estudo caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa que se integra às pesquisas já desenvolvidas pelo NIEE (Núcleo de Informática na Educação Especial) da UFRGS (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul) e pela ONG Redespecial-Brasil. O referencial teórico deste estudo busca conjugar informações a respeito da inclusão social, escolar e digital, a problemática das crianças com câncer e o tratamento enfrentado e os recursos das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC’s). Para tanto exploramos como fator de destaque o fato das crianças hospitalizadas estarem sofrendo uma exclusão temporária, o que as caracteriza como Pessoas com Necessidades Educacionais Especiais (PNEE’s). A partir da utilização das TIC's com crianças com câncer, em processo de exclusão temporária, é que nos propomos a acompanhar o progresso de apropriação de ferramentas computacionais, focalizando a atuação do facilitador-professor (FP) durante as trajetórias individuais, e a responder à seguinte indagação: Que modalidades de mediação são observadas e que contribuições podem trazer, na aprendizagem de crianças com câncer (exclusão temporária), o processo interativo com ambientes digitais? Para dar conta disso, através de observação direta, foi feito estudo de casos acompanhando a trajetória de três sujeitos hospitalizados e em tratamento de câncer infantil, interagindo em ambientes digitais, com vistas à apropriação de TIC's, tendo presente o processo de desenvolvimento na ZDP. Essa dissertação, portanto, procurou considerar as características individuais de cada sujeito, respeitando suas necessidades, vontades e quadro clínico, no período de seis meses. A análise dos dados coletados foi baseada no aporte pedagógico da Teoria Sócio-Histórica e, principalmente, nas contribuições de Gallimore, Tharp e Santarosa. Através da análise, observamos que, em momentos iniciais de apropriação das ferramentas, as modalidades de suporte mais evidentes foram a informação e a demonstração, que os questionamentos também foram utilizados freqüentemente. Os feedbacks e as estratégias cognitivas foram pouco observados. A autonomia dos sujeitos, contudo, foi evidenciada ao término da pesquisa em todos os sujeitos em face à maioria das ferramentas apresentadas.

Avaliação da condição de saúde bucal e da qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço

A Qualidade de Vida (QV) em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço é afetada por fatores relacionados à doença e seu tratamento. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a QV em pacientes com câncer de localização na cabeça e no pescoço, relacionado-a as condições de saúde bucal. Foram examinados 30 pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer de cabeça e pescoço. Foram pesquisadas variáveis socioeconômicas, hábitos e aspectos associados ao tumor, além de variáveis relacionadas à saúde bucal — CPOD, Uso e Necessidades Protéticas, Xerostomia e Consulta ao Dentista nos últimos seis meses, Mucosite e Mutilação. O questionário utilizado para avaliação da QV foi o EORTC QLQ-C30, e o módulo específico para câncer de cabeça e pescoço H&N35. A QV, no primeiro momento do estudo, foi considerada mediana, o nível funcional moderado e baixa sintomatologia. Não houve correlação estatisticamente significativa entre os componentes perdido e cariado do CPOD com a QV. O grupo de pacientes que necessitava de próteses relatou Desempenho Funcional e Função Social menores do que aqueles que não necessitavam. A Fadiga, a Dor e a Insônia foram maiores para o primeiro grupo. O grupo de pacientes com xerostomia demonstrou menor QV, menor nível funcional e maior sintomatologia quando comparado com aqueles sem queixa de xerostomia. O grupo dos fumantes apresentou maior sintomatologia e pior nível funcional do que os não-fumantes. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas de QV entre os indivíduos que ingeriam ou não chimarrão. A QV dos pacientes no acompanhamento foi semelhante à primeira parte do estudo, porém houve aumento dos sintomas e diminuição do nível funcional. O CPOD aumentou, e o uso de próteses decresceu, enquanto a necessidade das mesmas aumentou Não foi possível verificar a associação entre a QV e a Mucosite, pois poucos pacientes foram afetados por esta condição. A Mutilação foi correlacionada negativamente com o Desempenho Funcional, Náusea e Vômito e Perda de Apetite. Apenas a avaliação clínica das variáveis de saúde bucal foi insuficiente para predizer a correlação entre a condição de saúde bucal e a QV, porém é essencial a atuação de uma equipe multidisciplinar de cuidado oncológico, na qual o cirurgião-dentista deve estar inserido de modo a minimizar os danos à saúde bucal desses pacientes, auxiliando na construção de uma melhor QV.

Aspectos psicológicos do câncer : um estudo em pacientes laringectomizados

A proposta do presente trabalho é abordar as principais questões referentes às relações entre o câncer e sua expressão psicológica, através do trabalho realizado durante a fase de tratamento e reabilitação de pacientes do Instituto Nacional de Câncer -R.J. portadores de câncer de laringe, submetidos à laringectomia total. Tal objetivo deve-se a verificação de que diversas publicações específicas apontam para avaliações das relações citadas ou pela vertente da busca de etiologia psicológica do câncer, ou pela tentativa da formulação de métodos para assistência de pacientes terminais e que mesmo com o avanço da medicina, com o aumento do tempo de vida de seus portadores, ainda constata-se a escassez de investigações no campo da psicologia que -incidam sobre as possibilidades de planejamento terapêutico que visem o problema do tratamento e da readaptação dos pacientes às suas novas condições. Cabe, contudo, o esclarecimento de que esta dissertação não pretende atender à formulação de uma nova teoria sobre a assistência psicológica a pacientes com câncer, ou até a laringectomizados, mas tentará propor formulações, que colhidas através da verificação empírica, possam contribuir para a elaboração de novos estudos e pesquisas no interior desta perspectiva.

Tecendo vivências e sentidos do câncer infantil : família, doença e redes de apoio social em Natal-RN

This paper discusses the experiences related to the treatment of children´s cancer which had children, their mothers and families as their main characters. They were mainly originated from areas in the countryside and urban poor areas in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. The non-governmental organization Grupo de Apoio à Criança com Câncer (GACC) was the privileged ethnographic location. In this setting, the mother, which was called acompanhante (companion), and the children, defined as pacientes (patients), were often sheltered in reason of therapeutic practices and the treatment undertaken by children in a nearby hospital. This study aims to focus on the therapeutic itinerary, beyond the children´s suffering, dealing with the family as a whole, since the moral values from these popular families imply the complete involvement of the family in relation to the illness and its treatment. Therefore, it is experienced as a family problem. We also intend to understand the construction of meanings to the illness, dealing with the ideological continuity in the relationships between the families and the GACC. These meanings were built in the intersection of these two spheres, which refer particularly to medical, religious and emotional explanations. Ethnographic methods were applied in this research at the entity and another social contexts, such as the family households. I also tried to retrieve the process of treatment outside the GACC, visiting the family context, when doing dense interviews or just having conversations with informants. It was found that the GACC, as a non-governmental organization, generates a negotiation of identities, which develops, then, through the family as a whole, but also through the child and especially the mother, affecting, in some way, their internal organization. Furthermore, the meanings of the experience of illness appeared to be shaped by the family sphere as well as by the logic of public health structures

Modulação da expressão da proteína XPA em resposta ao tratamento com azul de metileno fotossensibilizado

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by aerobic metabolism and react with biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins and DNA. In high concentration, they lead to oxidative stress. Among ROS, singlet oxygen (1O2) is one of the main ROS involved in oxidative stress and is one of the most reactive forms of molecular oxygen. The exposure of some dyes, such as methylene blue (MB) to light (MB+VL), is able to generate 1O2 and it is the principle involved in photodynamic therapy (PDT). 1O2 e other ROS have caused toxic and carcinogenic effects and have been associated with ageing, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Oxidative DNA damage is mainly repaired by base excision repair (BER) pathway. However, recent studies have observed the involvement of nucleotide excision repair (NER) factors in the repair of this type of injury. One of these factors is the Xeroderma Pigmentosum Complementation Group A (XPA) protein, which acts with other proteins in DNA damage recognition and in the recruitment of other repair factors. Moreover, oxidative agents such as 1O2 can induce gene expression. In this context, this study aimed at evaluating the response of XPA-deficient cells after treatment with photosensitized MB. For this purpose, we analyzed the cell viability and occurrence of oxidative DNA damage in cells lines proficient and deficient in XPA after treatment with MB+VL, and evaluated the expression of this enzyme in proficient and complemented cells. Our results indicate an increased resistance to treatment of complemented cells and a higher level of oxidative damage in the deficient cell lines. Furthermore, the treatment was able to modulate the XPA expression up to 24 hours later. These results indicate a direct evidence for the involvement of NER enzymes in the repair of oxidative damage. Besides, a better understanding of the effects of PDT on the induction of gene expression could be provided

Prevalência da infecção por Chlamydia Trachomatis em mulheres atendidas no Programa de rastreamento do câncer de colo do útero

Genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis is now recognized as one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections (STDs). Despite major advances in laboratory diagnosis techniques, primarily the character of asymptomatic chlamydial infection in both men and in women constitutes the basis for the formation of reservoirs that perpetuate transmission and acquisition of this and other STDs. The asymptomatic in women favors the rise of infection to the upper genital tract, causing injuries that can result in infertility. An examination of population screening for early detection and treatment of asymptomatic infections is the key step in combating this major public health problem. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of infection by C. trachomatis in sexually active women attended the screening program for cervical cancer of the uterus in health facilities in municipalities in different regions of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, and identify factors that may contribute to the spread of this pathogen and its relationship with the lesions of the uterine cervix. It is a cross-sectional study aimed at detecting the presence of genital tract infection by C. trachomatis either in isolated form or in association with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in asymptomatic women. Were included in this study, a total sample of 1,134 women aged 13-76, mean 34.4 years, from March 2008 to September 2012. Specimens containing exfoliated cells of the epithelium of the uterine cervix were analyzed by examining Pap cytology for the detection of possible injuries, and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of plasmid DNA from C. trachomatis and HPV. Infection with C. trachomatis was detected with overall prevalence rate of 8.1% in the isolated form and 2.8% in co-infection with HPV. The infection was detected in 7.4% of women with normal cytology 11.5% of those with atypical cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and 16.7% of those with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). We observed an association between C. trachomatis and incidence of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). The genital tract infection by C. trachomatis alone was associated with education level, ethnicity and parity, revealing that women with higher education, those of non-white ethnicity and those who had three or more pregnancies were more likely to acquire infection. Levels very close to statistical significance were observed for chronological age, age at first sexual intercourse and first pregnancy. There was no association with marital status, number of sexual partners. Co-infection with C. trachomatis and HPV was detected in 2.3% of women with normal cytology, who had 5.1% in ASC-US and 10.4% in those with LSIL. No association was found between infection C. trachomatis and increased risk of HPV infection, but women with simultaneous infection by both pathogens showed greater risk for LSIL. Co-infection was more prevalent among single women, who had in the first sexual intercourse under 18 years and those who had two or more sexual partners over a lifetime

Câncer do colo uterino: rastreamento, marcador biológico e polimorfismo genético

Existem fortes evidências de que os programas de rastreamento baseados em citologia resultaram em diminuição significativa da incidência e mortalidade por câncer do colo do útero, no entanto, um excesso substancial de tratamento de lesões intraepiteliais de baixo grau que dificilmente progrediriam para carcinoma cervical resulta da baixa especificidade do tradicional rastreio citológico. A detecção precoce das lesões através do rastreamento citológico e a avaliação do grau histológico em espécimes cervicais são fundamentais, entretanto não permitem identificar quais pacientes terão maior probabilidade de progressão para lesões de alto grau e carcinoma invasivo. A busca de potenciais marcadores de prognóstico; objetivando o entendimento da progressão das lesões intraepiteliais é de suma importância. Acredita-se que fatores imunoregulatórios, imunogenéticos e proteínas do ciclo celular estejam intimamente envolvidos no processo de carcinogênese. Considerando o exposto, a proposta do projeto foi inicialmente avaliar a eficácia da citologia oncológica no rastreamento do câncer cervical, foi investigado ainda o polimorfismo do gene do fator de transcrição FOXP3 e a expressão da proteína do ciclo celular P63 (P63) associados respectivamente a diagnóstico e prognóstico das lesões cervicais. Em um primeiro momento foi realizado estudo transversal que envolveu 3194 mulheres. As participantes foram submetidas à citologia e biópsia de colo dirigida por colposcopia e os resultados foram comparados para verificar-se a acurácia do teste de Papanicolaou na detecção de lesões intraepiteliais e câncer cervical. Posteriormente, realizou-se estudo comparativo do tipo observacional estratificado em três grupos: Grupo 1: 16 casos com diagnóstico histopatológico de metaplasia/cervicite, considerados normais, Grupo 2: 11 casos com lesão de baixo grau (LSIL) e Grupo 3: 15 casos com lesão de alto grau (HSIL) ou carcinoma epidermoide de colo. Um total de 42 participantes respondeu a um questionário epidemiológico padronizado sobre as características demográficas, hábitos pregressos, história reprodutiva e de comportamento sexual. Após exame colposcópico, foram coletados fragmentos de espécimes cervicais para a pesquisa da expressão proteica da P63 por imunohistoquímica. Amostras de sangue periférico foram coletadas para extração do DNA e detecção do polimorfismo do gene FOXP3. No primeiro estudo em que se avaliou a acurácia do teste de Papanicolaou, encontrou-se sensibilidade de 0,83, valor preditivo positivo (VPP) de 0,77 e especificidade de 0,23 no rastreamento das lesões cervicais e câncer de colo. viii Melhores resultados foram observados quando se avaliou a acurácia diagnóstica para lesões de alto grau e carcinoma com VPP de 0,99 e especificidade de 0,84.No estudo subsequente onde se comparou a expressão da proteína P63 observou-se maior número de núcleos marcados no grupo com lesões intraepiteliais de alto grau e câncer quando comparado ao grupo com biópsias negativas (p=0,0004). No último estudo pesquisou-se a associação do polimorfismo do gene FOXP3 com lesões intraepiteliais cervicais sendo evidenciada maior prevalência do genótipo heterozigoto, CT, no grupo com lesões de colo na histopatologia (p=0,027). Mulheres com lesões intraepiteliais de baixo ou alto grau e câncer de colo de útero apresentam maior expressão da proteína P63 e maior prevalência de genótipo heterozigoto do gene FOXP3 em comparação com as sem lesões cervicais. A associação da pesquisa da expressão da proteína e do polimorfismo do gene pode tornar os exames utilizados atualmente para a avaliação diagnóstica e prognóstica das lesões de colo uterino mais efetivos em detectar quais as mulheres com maior risco para progressão para câncer

Assistência a mulher com câncer de mama em um cenro de referência no Estado da Paraíba

The assistance to women who have breast cancer is studied in a Reference Center in Paraiba and also the way this assistance is performed in a School Hospital maintained by SUS (Single Health System) is questioned. Breast cancer demands institutional organization, provision of financial, material and human resources, requiring, from the health system, effective assistance with new technologies which make it possible for the population their access to specialized medical services although it not always is able to guarantee those services nor the rights which the legislation granted them, inhibiting a proper relationship between the health professional and the patient. The theme is discussed through a transdisciplinary knowledge view and has as its theoretical referential the contribution of classical and contemporary authors from the human and social sciences and, as an empirical research strategy, the structured interview. The objectives of the research were: identify how the assistance to women with breast cancer is carried on at a Reference Center on Oncology in Campina Grande, Paraiba, identifying their difficulties and their satisfaction with the received assistance; draw up a profile of the women with breast cancer who were assisted in this Reference Center; understand their gynecological and obstetric antecedents, life styles, age group and stage of the disease when the treatment started; check their knowledge about their rights and which benefits they had received. Most women ranged between 40 and 59 years old (63%), which corresponds to the risk range of developing breast cancer. As to their occupations, 38.3% were housewives and 30.1% retired, whose family income was among those who received between less than a minimum salary and one minimum salary (58.2%). This population was mainly constituted of married women (60.2%), whose most frequent schooling was an incomplete elementary school (27.6%) and complete elementary school (24.1%), which added up to 51.6%. It was observed that the majority of the women seemed to be satisfied with the assistance received, noting that a minimum care was enough to define this satisfaction, although it is perceived that the access to the health system does not ensure the ideal attention conditions they need; it was verified that the availability of the services and the assistance itself are seen (in the local culture) as a favor and not as a right. It is also observed that only 30% of the women mentioned that they knew about their rights and the most mentioned ones were the disease assistance (13%), the medicines (13%) and the treatment (12%), which represent the most important triad to face the disease and around which the oncologic assistance most focus on. It is concluded that the condition of the users´ minimum existential of a public health unit and the condition of belonging to a lower social stratum were variables that influenced the respondents´ satisfaction in relation to the assistance received but the importance of the Reference Center for the women with breast cancer´s assistance for the whole region cannot be denied as well as the need to broaden the way the policy of the oncologic assistance in Brazil in the local realm is seen

Identificação de crianças e adolescentes com suspeita de câncer: uma proposta de intervenção

Unlike adult cancer, where cells usually originate from epithelial tissue and is linked to environmental factors, malignant tumors in childhood are mostly of embryonic origin and have a phase of rapid proliferation. When not started chemotherapy at this stage, the tumor increases in size, reducing their growth rate, thus reducing the response to chemotherapy. Childhood cancer is in Brazil, the second cause of mortality among children and adolescents from one to nineteen. His impact on the ranking of diseases becomes significantly important to public health since the first issue is related to accidents and violence. Many children are still sent to the centers of high complexity for cancer treatment with advanced stage disease. The delay in referral to diagnosis can be family, or the difficulty of access to the health sector, or the characteristics of the disease and lack of health staff regarding theme of childhood cancer. Before this problem, we aimed to assess the performance of health teams in the identification of child and adolescent symptoms of cancer in primary care, through the action research methodology, which includes the teaching-learning, seminars, describing the actions of the group and discussing the activities after the training. This study involved thirty-seven health professionals who provide care for children and adolescents in the USF Felipe Shrimp II, the Support Center for Children with Cancer and the pediatric hospital UFRN during the period from March to December 2010. The data were analyzed simultaneously to evaluate actions, following the direction of the analysis of ideas Freires, having as theoretical reference the primary health care. The diagnosis of current reality, as knowledge of the health team targeted for early identification of signs and symptoms raised through questioning, presented as generative themes: resistance to change, awareness of the need for apprehension of knowledge; prior knowledge through the media, fragmentation of the healthcare network, interfering with the operation of the reference and counter, the stigma of death, among others. The selected themes enabled the choice of content for the preparation of four seminars, such as implementation of collective action for discussion problematical. The teaching-learning process has allowed the study participants awareness of the problem and work through the knowledge acquired by interfering in decreasing the time interval between the identification of signs and symptoms of cancer and early specialist treatment. Their difficulties we are faced with a diagnosis of terminal cancer and associated with delayed access to laboratory tests and imaging necessary for the diagnosis of neoplasms. Thus, we find that when the team is consciously involved in the education process from identification of the problem situation, there may be significant changes in daily activities through awareness of being. However, we also realize that acquisition of knowledge and interest of the team are not enough, since to be efficiency of our service, we need an organization of cancer care network operating in the state of Rio Grande do Norte

Biossegurança e a saúde do trabalhador na assistência a pacientes em tratamento onco-hematológico

In recent years, the biosafety has been made possible a new look which are based the conceptions of health and illness process, as well as human needs. This new vision is focused on health vigilance that is referenced specifically in this study to the worker s health. The health of workers is essential for the prevention and control of epidemics and outbreaks of diseases as well as emerging and reemerging diseases. The present study wants to show the importance of biosafety measures for health workers, showing them through the concepts in their daily work. It is also to direct the use of biosafety measures in the care of oncology and hematology patients care, because of its infection susceptibility. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the conceptions of health workers in the biosafety pratice to the patients in oncological and hematological treatment in an oncological institution in Natal / RN, as well as make a socio-demographic profile of these workers and to know their difficulties to adequate biosafety measures. METODOLOGIA: The research is exploratory descriptive with qualitative approach, using the technique of oral history. The use of this technique is justified for the possibility of analyze the conceptions of health workers in the face of biosafety measures. From the definition of analysis categories that have emerged in the study. The categories were: daily work, education, occupational risk and onco-hematological care. The research population was the health workers who provide care to patients in oncological and hematological treatment. The study was conducted in the League against Cancer, in Natal / RN, specifically in the unit Luiz Antonio Hospital. Data collections were conducted from June to August of 2011 and were interviewed sixteen employees who assist in oncology and hematology. Structured interviews were conducted in three shifts, given the prospects of expanding the possibilities of analysis of the biosafety concepts. After data collection, the interviews were analyzed qualitatively by the technique of oral history. This genre, thematic oral history is a modern resource used for preparation of documents, files and studies concerning the social experience of people and groups with the construction of a script prior to the interview moment (MEIHY, 2002). ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION: It was made a reflection about the concepts and practices of professionals who take care of patients in oncology and hematology as well as its relation to biosafety measures. The speech of employees revealed that the adoption has been very supportive of these standards, although some have been highlighted gaps in the understanding of employees in relation to biosafety and the proposed categories. CONCLUSION: The analysis of information showed that biosafety has been cited by employees as an immeasurable benefit to safety and occupational health. And the strengths marks in their understanding were: the excellence of care and safety in occupational diseases risk reduction and infections resulting from their work activities, despite some difficulties in adopting appropriate biosafety standards

Estratégias de intervenção utilizadas por enfermeiros da ESF do município de Natal/RN no controle do câncer do colo de útero

Cancer of the cervix (cervical cancer) is the second most prevalent cancer among Brazilian women. The high rates of cervical cancer in Brazil justify the implementation of effective strategies to control this, which include actions to promote health, primary prevention, early detection, screening, treatment and palliative care. Despite the existence of the National Programme for Control of the CCU there was no reduction in the incidence and mortality of this disease in Brazil. The Family Health Strategy (FHS) has the potential to facilitate such control and, in this context, one should consider that nurses play a central role. The study aimed to know the general intervention strategies used by nurses FHS of Natal / RN in CCU control, and how specific: analyzing the knowledge of these nurses on the CCU, the actions developed in the ESF for the control of CCU and identify the difficulties faced by them to perform it. This is a descriptive exploratory quantitative developed through a structured interview guide with 106 nurses who have experience in controlling the CCU in FHS teams of Natal / RN. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistic s. The results pointed to actions taken in the FHS to control the CCU, collection of cervical cancer screening, health education activities, nursing consultation, referral of suspected cases for medical monitoring and active women with abnormal test result . The actions that were not mentioned by the nurses included: forming groups of prevention and health promotion; expand coverage of exams and office hours of consultations, establishment of alternatives to end the pent-up demand in the health units, participation in treatment or rehabilitation process users with the CCU; interventions for pain management, alliances and partnerships with schools, in dustry and the use of protocols. This study can be seen that the practice nurses partially shares to the CCU in Natal / RN. The participants of this study, when asked about the CCU, specifically for signs and symptoms of disease and risk factors in general showed important gaps. Difficulties such as lack of materials for collection of Pap smear; inadequate physical space in the Health Units; pent-up demand in the service, delay in arrival of the test results; obstacles in the actions of referral and counter-referral and cultural factors make the CCU control is compromised. It is believed in this research contributed to a reflection on the importance of the role of nurses in the development of the ESF control actions CCU, pointing out the factors that affect these. It is important to involve all nurses who comprise the ESF as knowledgeable of the risk factors, signs and symptoms, and existing tools for the early detection of cervical cancer in the pursuit of quality improvement actions to promote women`s health, contributing in planning future interventions that may reduce mortality from this disease in Natal / RN.

Influência da fisioterapia complexa descongestiva associada à ingestão de triglicerídeos de cadeia média no tratamento do linfedema de membro superior

OBJETIVO: Verificar a influência da utilização da fisioterapia complexa descongestiva associada à dietoterapia com triglicerídeos de cadeia média (TCM) como forma de intervenção no linfedema de membro superior (MS). MÉTODOS: Para a avaliação do linfedema, foram utilizadas cirtometria, volumetria, pregas cutâneas e quantidade de água corporal total. A Escala Visual Análoga (EVA) foi utilizada para avaliar as sensações de desconforto, peso e dor no MS. Participaram deste estudo dez mulheres mastectomizadas com linfedema de MS homolateral à cirurgia, com idade média de 65,9 ± 10,4 anos e índice de massa corpórea (IMC) de 26,8 ± 3,0kg/m² que, após avaliação nutricional, foram divididas aleatoriamente em dois grupos: Grupo Controle (n= 5), submetido ao tratamento fisioterapêutico constando da terapia complexa descongestiva (massagem clássica, drenagem linfática manual, bandagem compressiva e cuidados com a pele) três vezes na semana, durante quatro semanas; Grupo TCM (n= 5), submetido ao mesmo protocolo fisioterapêutico somado ao tratamento dietético diário com ingestão de TCM, por quatro semanas. RESULTADOS: Ao final da intervenção, a análise da cirtometria e da volumetria mostraram diferenças significativas entre os grupos (< 0,05), com maior redução do linfedema no Grupo TCM. Não houve diferença significativa nos valores das pregas cutâneas e da quantidade de água corporal total. A sensação de peso no membro superior, antes e após a intervenção, foi significativamente menor (< 0,05) no Grupo TCM. CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento fisioterapêutico somado à dietoterapia com ingestão de TCM em mulheres portadoras de linfedema de MS pós-cirurgia e tratamento de câncer de mama foi efetivo na involução desta condição.

Recidiva de câncer labial em pacientes atendidos no hospital DR. Luiz Antônio (Natal-RN) entre 1997-2004

Introduction: Cancer of the lip is very common in tropical countries, being noticeable the squamous cell carcinoma as the main histological type. Objective: Evaluate the socialdemographic profile, habits, occupation, clinical characteristics of the cancer lesions and the aftermath of treatment of the patients treated on the Luiz Antônio Hospital (Natal-RN). Design: Retrospective cohort. Methods: We analyzed 181 medical records of patients from the Luiz Antônio Cancer Hospital (Natal-RN) in the period between 1997 and 2004. The statistic evaluation of time between the diagnosis and the relapse or the cure of the patient were done through the Kaplan-Meier method and the comparison of survivor functions were done through the Log-rank test. Later, was estimated the proportional risk model of Cox. Results: The study population were composed by 69,1% males, 95,2% unlettered, the mean age of 66,5 years, 89,0% of smokers and 64,1% had an occupation involving sun exposure. In regard to the clinical characteristics, most lesions were in the lower lip (77,9%), the size of the tumor was smaller than 2 cm (51,8%), 92,6% had localized lesions. Were verified 16,3% of local relapse and 13% of regional. Almost the totally of the cases corresponded to squamous cell carcinoma (97,2%). We observed smaller accumulated probability of not occurrence of local relapse when the base and borders were free of lesions (p=0,041), as well as a smaller probability of regional relapse when the sort of treatment was surgery, associated with other therapeutics modalities (p=0,001). The patients with advanced pathologic stage (p=0,016), treated with surgery associated with other therapeutics modalities (p=0,001) and diameter above 4cm (p=0,019) presented a bigger possibility of any kind of relapse. The multivariable analysis pointed the complex treatments (surgery plus other therapeutics modalities) as a predictor variable for occurrence of new local lesions (p=0,001) and total (p=0,046), besides the age above 70 years to the regional relapse (p=0,050). Conclusion: Cancer of the lip occur in the lower lip, in males, smokers and individuals exposed to Sun light. The relapse was frequent, even being localized and without great consequences to the patient s health. The probability of relapse is related to the size and borders of the lesion and to the histological exam, as well as to the patient s age and complexity of the treatment chosen