Revue parisienne.

Editor: Honoré de Balzac.

O fantástico nos contos de Hoffmann e de Balzac: o artista louco

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Answer to a letter from the Hon. F. H. Elmore, of South-Carolina.

Includes F. H. Elmore's letter.

...Correspondence, between the Hon. F. H. Elmore, one of the South Carolina delegation in Congress, and James G. Birney, one of the secretaries of the American anti-slavery society.

Mode of access: Internet.

Die ältere diöcese Hildesheim.

Mode of access: Internet.

Metsäpirulainen : Liikemies Erik Johan Längman (1799-1863) talousjärjestelmän murroksessa

The Forest devil. Businessman Erik Johan Längman (1799 1863) in the transition of economic system In Finnish historiography, Erik Johan Längman (1799-1863) bears a bad reputation of his own level: a mean, profit-seeking businessman who did not care too much about methods in his operations. Although little known, Längman has been praised as one of the pioneers of modern industry in the Grand Duchy of Finland, which belonged to the Russian Empire. From the mid 1830s Längman owned iron mill and several sawmills around the country. The growing demand of the markets in the 1830s, especially in Great Britain, marked a strong stimulus to Finnish lumber industry. At the same time claims for stricter rule over the sawmill industry were raised by high officials. The momentum of the conflict, the Forest Act of 1851, brought an end to illegal overproduction. In this biography, particular emphasis is laid on the entrepreneurial behaviour of Längman, but also on the effect the entrepreneurs had on the Crown s policies. On the other hand, how did the limitations imposed by the Crown guide the actions of the sawmill owners? The solutions adopted by the sawmill owners and the manoeuvring of the government are in a constant dialogue in this study. The Finnish sawmill industry experienced a major change in its techniques and methods of acquiring timber during the 1830s. Längman particularly, with his acquisition organisation, was able to find and reach faraway forests with unexpected results. The official regulating system with its strict producing quotas couldn t follow the changes. When the battle against the sawmill industry really started on, in 1840, it didn t happen for the benefit of iron industry, as argued previously, but to save Crown forests from depletion. After the mid 1840s Längman and the leader of the Finnish nationalistic movement, J. V. Snellman questioned the rationality of the entire regulation system and in doing so they also posed a threat against the aristocratic power. The influential but now also badly provoked chairman of the economic division of senate, Lars Gabriel von Haartman, accused the sawmill-owners harder than ever and took the advantage of the reactionary spirit of imperial Russia to launch the state forest administration. Längman circumvented the conditions of privileges, felled Crown forests illegally and accusations were brought against him for destroying his competitors. The repeated conflicts spoke primarily about a superior business idea and organisational ability. Although Längman spent his last years mostly abroad he still had interests in Finnish timber business when the liberation of sawmill-industry was established, in 1861. Surprisingly, the antagonism around the Crown forests continued, probably even more heated.

An address delivered before the South-Carolina institute, at its second annual fair, on the 19th November, 1850. By Jos. H. Lumpkin

This speech by Georgia Supreme Court judge Joseph Lumpkin aims to ignite a spirit of improvement and bring about its influence. This improvement is not necessarily in the interest of agriculture alone, but in the interest of the state as well.

Balzac entre 1856 et 1858

Entre mai 1856 et mars 1858, un foisonnement d’études inédites paraissent sur Honoré de Balzac qui s’écartent de la tradition des témoignages et des critiques biographiques — celle des contemporains qui ont côtoyé le grand homme disparu et se grandissent en disant qu’ils l’ont bien connu. Si l’on peut affirmer qu’une révolution s’est opérée en août 1850 sur la tombe de Balzac qui affecte les appropriations de son oeuvre autant que le discours global sur le genre romanesque et sur son ennoblissement, on peut ajouter que la mêlée des discours qui s’appliquent à l’auteur de « La comédie humaine » sept ans plus tard, tandis que Flaubert et Baudelaire sont poursuivis pour outrage à la morale publique et à la religion, permet de réarticuler les tensions entre romantisme, réalisme et naturalisme, et entre romantisme et modernité.

Receipts, 1798, 1799, 1809

Handwritten receipts for fees and debts collected.

The jubilee memorial of the Religious Tract Society : containing a record of tis origin, proceedings, and results, A.D. 1799 to A.D. 1849 /

Mode of access: Internet.

De l’obligation de la dette chez Balzac

Balzac contait – c o n t – des nouvelles, des romans, pour édifier son grand œuvre, La Comédie humaine. Il comptait – c o m p t – aussi, alignait les chiffres, vertigineusement. Dans les histoires qu’il racontait. Dans les lettres qu’il écrivait, comme en témoigne au mieux la correspondance qu’il échangea pendant dixsept ans, de 1832 à 1849 avec Madame Hanska, femme du comte, oui du comte Han – il faut être attentif aux homonymies dit mon ami le philosophe Patrice Loraux –, avant de devenir à son tour son époux et de mourir six mois après, en 1850. C’est dire qu’il ne comptait pas seulement dans, pour la fiction. Mais dans, pour la vie, sa vie réelle. Et selon un système marqué par l’obligation des chiffres, des chiffres attachés à l’argent, l’argent toujours en manque, toujours désiré, entrevu à l’horizon de ses redoutables entreprises financières, dans le lointain de son travail, de son amour.