Species and acoustic diversity of bats in a palaeotropical wet evergreen forest in southern India

The Western Ghats of India is among the top 25 biodiversity hotspots in the world. About 43% of the reported 117 bat species in India are found in this region, but few quantitative studies of bat echolocation calls and diversity have been carried out here thus far. A quantitative study of bat diversity was therefore conducted using standard techniques, including mist-netting, acoustical and roost surveys in the wet evergreen forests of Kudremukh National Park in the Western Ghats of Karnataka. A total of 106 bats were caught over 108 sampling nights, representing 17 species, 3 belonging to Megachiroptera and 14 to Microchiroptera. Acoustical and roost surveys added three more species, two from Microchiroptera and one from Megachiroptera. Of these 20 species, 4 belonged to the family Pteropodidae, 10 to Vespertilionidae, 3 to Rhinolophidae, 2 to Megadermatidae and 1 to Hipposideridae. We recorded the echolocation calls of 13 of the 16 microchiropteran species, of which the calls of 4 species (Pipistrellus coromandra, Pipistrellus affinis, Pipistrellus ceylonicus and Harpiocephalus harpia) have been recorded for the first time. Discriminant function analyses of the calls of 11 species provided 91.7% correct classification of individuals to their respective species, indicating that the echolocation calls could be used successfully for non-invasive acoustic surveys and monitoring of bat species in the future.

LOWER BOUNDS FOR BOXICITY

An axis-parallel b-dimensional box is a Cartesian product R-1 x R-2 x ... x R-b where R-i is a closed interval of the form a(i),b(i)] on the real line. For a graph G, its boxicity box(G) is the minimum dimension b, such that G is representable as the intersection graph of boxes in b-dimensional space. Although boxicity was introduced in 1969 and studied extensively, there are no significant results on lower bounds for boxicity. In this paper, we develop two general methods for deriving lower bounds. Applying these methods we give several results, some of which are listed below: 1. The boxicity of a graph on n vertices with no universal vertices and minimum degree delta is at least n/2(n-delta-1). 2. Consider the g(n,p) model of random graphs. Let p <= 1 - 40logn/n(2.) Then with high `` probability, box(G) = Omega(np(1 - p)). On setting p = 1/2 we immediately infer that almost all graphs have boxicity Omega(n). Another consequence of this result is as follows: For any positive constant c < 1, almost all graphs on n vertices and m <= c((n)(2)) edges have boxicity Omega(m/n). 3. Let G be a connected k-regular graph on n vertices. Let lambda be the second largest eigenvalue in absolute value of the adjacency matrix of G. Then, the boxicity of G is a least (kappa(2)/lambda(2)/log(1+kappa(2)/lambda(2))) (n-kappa-1/2n). 4. For any positive constant c 1, almost all balanced bipartite graphs on 2n vertices and m <= cn(2) edges have boxicity Omega(m/n).

Correlation of microstructure and creep behaviour of MRI230D Mg alloy developed by two different casting technologies

The relationship between the as-cast microstructure and creep behaviour of the heat-resistant MRI230D Mg alloy produced by two different casting technologies is investigated. The alloy in both ingot-casting (IC) and high pressure die-casting (HPDC) conditions consists of alpha-Mg, 06 ((Mg,AI)(2)Ca), Al-Mn and Sn-Mg-Ca rich phases. However, the HPDC alloy resulted in relatively finer grain size and higher volume fraction of finer, denser network of eutectic C36 phase in the as-cast microstructure as compared to that of the IC alloy. The superior creep resistance exhibited by the HPDC alloy at all the stress levels and temperatures employed in the present investigation was attributed to the more effective dispersion strengthening effect caused by the presence of finer and denser network of the C36 phase. The increased amount of the eutectic C36 phase was the only change observed in the microstructures of both alloys following creep tests. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Accurate Indoor Positioning of Firefighters using Dual Foot-mounted Inertial Sensors and Inter-agent Ranging

A real-time cooperative localization system, utilizing dual foot-mounted low-cost inertial sensors and RF-based inter-agent ranging, has been developed. Scenario-based tests have been performed, using fully-equipped firefighters mimicking a search operation in a partly smoke-filled environment, to evaluate the performance of the TOR (Tactical lOcatoR) system. The performed tests included realistic firefighter movements and inter-agent distances, factors that are crucial in order to provide realistic evaluations of the expected performance in real-world operations. The tests indicate that the TOR system may be able to provide a position accuracy of approximately two to three meters during realistic firefighter operations, with only two smoke diving firefighters and one supervising firefighter within range.

Active learning in keyword search-based data integration

The problem of scaling up data integration, such that new sources can be quickly utilized as they are discovered, remains elusive: Global schemas for integrated data are difficult to develop and expand, and schema and record matching techniques are limited by the fact that data and metadata are often under-specified and must be disambiguated by data experts. One promising approach is to avoid using a global schema, and instead to develop keyword search-based data integration-where the system lazily discovers associations enabling it to join together matches to keywords, and return ranked results. The user is expected to understand the data domain and provide feedback about answers' quality. The system generalizes such feedback to learn how to correctly integrate data. A major open challenge is that under this model, the user only sees and offers feedback on a few ``top-'' results: This result set must be carefully selected to include answers of high relevance and answers that are highly informative when feedback is given on them. Existing systems merely focus on predicting relevance, by composing the scores of various schema and record matching algorithms. In this paper, we show how to predict the uncertainty associated with a query result's score, as well as how informative feedback is on a given result. We build upon these foundations to develop an active learning approach to keyword search-based data integration, and we validate the effectiveness of our solution over real data from several very different domains.

Perturbation of nucleo-cytoplasmic transport affects size of nucleus and nucleolus in human cells

Size regulation of human cell nucleus and nucleolus are poorly understood subjects. 3D reconstruction of live image shows that the karyoplasmic ratio (KR) increases by 30-80% in transformed cell lines compared to their immortalized counterpart. The attenuation of nucleo-cytoplasmic transport causes the KR value to increase by 30-50% in immortalized cell lines. Nucleolus volumes are significantly increased in transformed cell lines and the attenuation of nucleo-cytoplasmic transport causes a significant increase in the nucleolus volume of immortalized cell lines. A cytosol and nuclear fraction swapping experiment emphasizes the potential role of unknown cytosolic factors in nuclear and nucleolar size regulation.

等离子体增强发动机燃烧技术

随着能源和环保问题的日益突出,新技术的开发和应用越来越受到人们的重视.在现有的发动机系统中增加一个微型氢发生装置,用以改变燃料的组分,可以改善发动机的燃烧效率并显著降低污染物的排放.微型氢发生装置的制氢原理,等离子体增强发动机燃烧的系统概念及优点被详细描述.

Evaluación del rendimiento agronómico de seis cultivares de repollo (Brassica oleracea L.) en la Estación Experimental "San José de las Latas", Jinotega

En el presente trabajo se evaluó el rendimiento agronómico de seis cultivares Brassica oleracea L. var. caPitata; Summer Autumn, Mighty YR, Perfect Ball, Mighty, Yessen #-631-4, Yessen # 33-18. El ensayo se estableció en la estacion las " Latas " Ubicada en Jinotega a 1, 400 m.s.n.m. con una precipitación media anual de 2.291 mm, y una temperatura promedio 21.86 ºC. La siembra se realizó en época de primera del año 1990. Empleándose un diseño Bloques al Azar (BCA) Con De los resultados obtenidos, se encontró cultivares que presentaron mayor crecimiento y desarrollo estuvo en primer lugar el cultivar Summer Auttumn, en segundo la linea Yessen # 631-4, y en tercer lugar la linea Yessen # 33-18. Respecto a la calidad del producto comercial, sus variables se mantuvieron estadísticamente sin diferencias significativas a pesar de diferir en cultivares que no presentaron buen desarrollo. El cultivar Summer, menor consistencia, seguida de la línea Yessen # 33-18. Al evaluar el rendimiento, se encontró que el cultivar Summer Autumn y la linea Yessen # 631-4 obtuvieron los mejores promedios. Seguidos por el cultivar Mighty YR y la línea de Yessen # 33-18, aunque Mighty YR presento baja tolerancia a la bacteriosis (Xanthomonas campestris P.).

Static and dynamic properties of uncooled 3-section tunable DBR laser

We present for the first time a comprehensive study of the static and dynamic properties of a coolerless tunable three-section DBR laser. Wavelength tuning and thermal drift under uncooled conditions are investigated. Variance of modulation bandwidth with temperature rise and wavelength control is studied, and then verified by uncooled direct modulation performance with clear open eye diagrams. Satisfactory direct modulation is demonstrated at bit rate of up to 6Gbit/s, which is believed to be the fastest out of devices of similar structure so far.

Evaluación de un sistema de riego por aspersión de efluentes de tambo

Resumen: Según los últimos datos publicados por SENASA, a marzo de 2011, el número de unidades productivas con tambo a nivel nacional fue de 11.646 (Informe Acrea, 2011), registrándose al mismo tiempo un aumento de la cantidad de vacas por tambo, en la producción individual y por consiguiente en la producción diaria por tambo (Castignani, 2009). El incremento de la cantidad de efluentes generados por la intensificación de los sistemas lecheros es hasta ahora un problema que puede traer aparejado efectos negativos en la contaminación del medio ambiente. Generalmente los productores ven a dichos efluentes como desperdicios derivados del proceso de ordeño, que se acumulan en fosas donde, es posible que rebalsen a cursos naturales de agua o comienzan acumularse en grandes lagunas en las proximidades de los tambos provocando malos olores y atracción de insectos. El manejo de estos residuos es determinante no solo para reducir la transferencia de nutrientes desde la pastura hacia los corrales, sino para limitar su efecto negativo sobre el ambiente, la salud humana y animal (Taverna et al, 2004). En siguiente trabajo experimental se realizó una descripción de los sistemas que existen en la actualidad para el manejo de los efluentes en las instalaciones lecheras. Además se hace una reseña de la legislación que existe en Argentina con respecto al uso y vertido de este tipo de efluentes. Se realizaron encuestas para evaluar el funcionamiento del aspersor de efluentes comercializado por la empresa Delaval Bosio. Los resultados muestran una tasa de aplicación de 53,16 l/m2/día, con una uniformidad de distribución promedio de 50 %. El equipo presentó algunos inconvenientes según lo expresado por sus usuarios, tales como el tapado de cañerías y la falta de atención técnica entre otros. Sin embargo, se reconoce al sistema como una alternativa de tratamiento de los efluentes generados, que de otra manera serían arrojados deliberadamente a cunetas, fosas y proximidades de las instalaciones. Con respecto a la calidad del efluente como abono cabe mencionar que con la tasa de aplicación expresada anteriormente los aportes de nutrientes serian de 288 kg/año de N y 114,76 kg/año de P respectivamente, representado de esta manera un ahorro para el productor en la incorporación de fertilizantes comerciales.

“微/纳系统国际会议(ICMNS 2002)”简介

<正>由中国力学学会、中科院力学所非线性力学国家重点实验室（LNM）、香港中文大学和香港科技大学联合主办的“微/纳系统国际会议（ICMNS 2002）”于 2002年8月11～14日在云南昆明万怡酒店隆重举行. 该会议国际学术委员会主席为中科院力学所郑哲敏院士,联合主席为中科院力学所白以龙院士、美国UCLA何志明教授和中科院副院长江绵恒研究员;国际程序委员会主席由中科院副院长白春礼院士担任;中科院力学所赵亚溥研究员和香港中文大学的李文荣分别担任大会组织委员会主席和联合主席.出席会议的正式代表为150人,其中来自北美、欧洲、亚洲以及港台地区的境外代表为47人.正如何志明教授所