El irredentismo peruano y la solidaridad americana.

"Discurso de orden pronunciado en la Universidad de Arequipa, en la ceremonia de la apertura del año de estudios de 1919."--p. [iii]

Sur le Pacifique de Sud. Le procés du Pérou et de la Bolivie contre le Chili,

Mode of access: Internet.

Arbitration between Peru and Chile.

Mode of access: Internet.

Una revancha con sangre ajena,

Mode of access: Internet.

Cuestion Tarata, circular de 20 de septiembre de 1921.

"Fe de erratas," slip mounted on p. [2] of cover.

La question du Pacifique devant le droit international; conférence donnée à la Sorbonne le 12 juin 1919,

Mode of access: Internet.

Bolivia's right to an access of her own to the Pacific ... Le droit de la Bolivie à un débouché à elle sur le Pacifique ...

English and French text on opposite pages, each having its own paging.

Apuntaciones sobre el plebiscito pactado en el artc̕ulo 3. del Tratado de Ancn̤, puestas en forma de exposicin̤ al arbitro, designado en el protocolo Billinghurst-Latorre, del 16 de abril de 1898.

At head of title: Contribucin̤ al rescate de las provincias cautivas.

El problema del Pacífico, opiniones de la prensa francesa.

Mode of access: Internet.

Burden of care and general health in families of patients with schizophrenia

Background De-institutionalization of psychiatric patients has led to a greater emphasis on family management in the community, and family members are often overwhelmed by the demands that caring for a patient with schizophrenia involves. Most studies of family burden in schizophrenia have taken place in developed countries. The current study examined family burden and its correlates in a regional area of a medium income country in South America. Method Sixty-five relatives of patients with schizophrenia who were attending a public mental health out-patient service in the province of Arica, Chile, were assessed on Spanish versions of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale and SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36). Results Average levels of burden were very high, particularly for mothers, carers with less education, carers of younger patients and carers of patients with more hospitalisations in the previous 3 years. Kinship and number of recent hospitalisations retained unique predictive variance in a multiple regression. Burden was the strongest predictor of SF-36 subscales, and the prediction from burden remained significant after entry of other potential predictors. Conclusions In common with families in developed countries, family members of schizophrenia patients in regional Chile reported high levels of burden and related functional and health impact. The study highlighted the support needs of carers in contexts with high rates of poverty and limited health and community resources.

The Relationship Between Cadwaladerite Al(OH)2Cl∙4H2O and Lesukite Al2(OH)5Cl∙2H2O as Investigated by SEM, PXRD, FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy

Cadwaladerite (Al(OH)2Cl∙4H2O) collected from Cerro Pintados, Chile described by Gordon in 1941 is designated as “doubtful” by the IMA. Material collected from the same locality in 2015 resembling the description of cadwaladerite gave a powder XRD pattern similar to lesukite (Al2(OH)5Cl∙2H2O). However, Gordon provided no X-ray data for his material from Cerro Pintados. In order to determine whether cadwaladerite and lesukite are the same mineral species, measurements were made on a suite of samples from various localities. A portion of the material collected by Gordon in 1941 was also obtained from the Mineralogical Museum of Harvard University. Type material of lesukite from a fumarolic environment at the Tolbachik Fissure in Kamchatka, Russia was obtained as well as lesukite from the Maria Mine, Chile (Arica Province) and a previously undescribed locality for lesukite (Barranaca del Sulfato, Mejillones Peninsula, Antofagasta Province). All samples are yellow to yellow-orange in colour and all exhibit small cubic crystals (up to 50µm), even Gordon’s cadwaladerite which was thought to be amorphous. The Chilean samples are all associated with halite and sometimes with anhydrite. These five samples were studied by SEM, FTIR, powder XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. A ratio of Al:Cl less than or equal to 1.3:1 was observed for all the samples, including measurements made on lesukite from the Russian locality Vergasova et al. studied in 1997, and determined to have a 2:1 ratio. SEM-EDS analyses also show all samples to have minor iron substitution, as well as copper substitution in two samples. FTIR spectra are very similar for all samples. Raman spectroscopy done on both samples collected in Cerro Pintados and the Russian lesukite gave similar spectra. Powder XRD analyses on all samples showed spectra identified to be lesukite, including Gordon’s cadwaladerite. Crystal cell parameters calculated from powder XRD ranged from 19.778Å to 19.878Å. Results using modern instrumental techniques confirm Gordon’s cadwaladerite, collected in 1939 and described in 1941, and lesukite are the same mineral species.

Elementos estructurales de la red social, fuentes de apoyo funcional, reciprocidad, apoyo comunitario y depresión en personas mayores en Chile

La asociación entre apoyo social y depresión en el caso de las personas mayores constituye un objeto de estudio de especial relevancia en sociedades con altas tasas de envejecimiento, como es el caso de Chile. La presente investigación se centra en el papel jugado por variables de carácter psicosociológico: tipo de apoyo en función de la fuente de procedencia, reciprocidad en el apoyo según tipo de apoyo y fuente de procedencia, y apoyo comunitario. Se aplicaron escalas de depresión y apoyo social ampliamente utilizadas en una muestra (n=493) de la región de Arica-Parinacota, en el Norte de Chile. Se realiza un análisis de regresión jerárquica y de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados sugieren que el cónyuge y los hijos son las fuentes de apoyo relevantes para los síntomas de depresión, sobre todo en sus funciones instrumental y emocional. La reciprocidad en el apoyo es una variable variable fundamental para dar cuenta de la relación existente entre fuentes de apoyo social y depresión.

Análise de risco de incêndio em zonas urbanas antigas : centro histórico de Coimbra

O risco de Incêndio em zonas urbanas antigas é um assunto que preocupa bastante as entidades responsáveis pela proteção civil, e também toda a população residente. Estas preocupações vão desde a degradação das estruturas, deficientes instalações elétricas, ausência de meios de deteção e combate a incêndios, dificuldade de acesso das viaturas de bombeiros, entre outras. Outra grande preocupação é o facto destes centros urbanos apresentarem grandes valores patrimoniais e culturais. O presente estudo assenta numa análise de risco de incêndio ao centro histórico de Coimbra (Alta de Coimbra), em que numa primeira fase, foi feito o levamento e diagnóstico da situação a 25 edifícios. Numa segunda fase, utilizaram-se metodologias de cálculo com o objetivo de obter valores do nível de segurança contra incêndio dos edifícios. A dois dos edifícios estudados foi também aplicado o programa Pyrosim, onde se realizou a simulação de incêndio para obter resultados de temperaturas, de propagação de chamas e de fumos. Após a realização deste estudo e conhecendo todos os valores dos métodos e programa estudados, o trabalho teve igualmente como objetivo o de apontar medidas de intervenção e segurança contra incêndio a serem implementadas.

Oxidative Status in Epileptic Children Using Carbamazepine

Background: There is an increasing attention towards the relationship between oxidative stress and epilepsy. The effect of antiepileptic drugs on oxidant status is of major interest. Antiepileptic drugs can increase levels of free radicals, which consequently might lead to seizures. Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an antiepileptic drug commonly used in childhood and adolescence. Objectives: Therefore we aimed to investigate the effects of CBZ on total antioxidant status, total oxidant stress, and oxidative stress index. Patients and Methods: The study included 40 epileptic patients and 31 healthy children between 4 and 12 years of age. Serum CBZ level, total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status were measured. Oxidative stress index was also calculated both in controls and patients. Results: In the epileptic group, decreased levels of total antioxidant capacity, increased total oxidative stress and oxidative stress index levels were found. Positive correlation between plasma CBZ levels and total oxidant status was observed. Conclusions: Antioxidant action could not be playing any role in antiepileptic effect of CBZ. Furthermore, increased oxidative stress induced by CBZ could be the cause of CBZ-induced seizures. Therefore combining CBZ with antioxidants could be beneficial.

La influencia de la cultura nacional en el desempeño logístico de los 123 primeros países en el logistics performance index (LPI)

En esta tesis se presenta la influencia que tiene la Cultura Nacional en el desempeño Logístico de una Nación, en especial de los 123 primeros países evaluados por el Índice de Desempeño Logístico (LPI) realizado por el Banco Mundial. Este estudio se realiza a partir de los seis ítems evaluados en el LPI y de las seis Dimensiones Culturales de Hofstede, para relacionar estas calificaciones se empleará el programa estadístico SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences obteniendo como resultado posibles correlaciones para probar la hipótesis del efecto de la cultura en el desempeño logístico y establecer patrones de comportamiento en los mejores países de cada correlación. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos de estas correlaciones, se encontró que si existe una relación entre la cultura nacional y el desempeño logístico de un país, al igual que las dimensiones culturales más influyentes para obtener dichos resultados y se identificaron los países que cuentan con condiciones sobresalientes que facilitan tener altas posiciones en el LPI.