Síntese e caracterização de catalisadores nanométricos de LaSrNiO4 para aplicação em dessulfurização de tiofeno

The mixed metal oxides constitute an important class of catalytic materials widely investigated in different fields of applications. Studies of rare earth nickelates have been carried by several researchers in order to investigate the structural stability afforded by oxide formed and the existence of catalytic properties at room temperature. So, this study aims synthesize the nanosized catalyst of nickelate of lanthanum doped with strontium (La(1-x)SrxNiO4-d; x = 0,2 and 0,3), through the Pechini method and your characterization for subsequent application in the desulfurization of thiophene reaction. The precursor solutions were calcined at 300ºC/2h for pyrolysis of polyester and later calcinations occurred at temperatures of 500 - 1000°C. The resulting powders were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TG / DTG), surface area for adsorption of N2 by BET method, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (HR_SEM) and spectrometry dispersive energy (EDS). The results of XRD had show that the perovskites obtained consist of two phases (LSN and NiO) and from 700ºC have crystalline structure. The results of SEM evidenced the obtainment of nanometric powders. The results of BET show that the powders have surface area within the range used in catalysis (5-50m2/g). The characterization of active sites was performed by reaction of desulfurization of thiophene at room temperature and 200ºC, the relation F/W equal to 0,7 mol h-1mcat -1. The products of the reaction were separated by gas chromatography and identified by the selective detection PFPD sulfur. All samples had presented conversion above 95%

Estudo sobre as potencialidades de compósitos à base de gesso e fibras de coco seco para aplicação na construção civil

The use of gypsum, one of the oldest building materials for the construction industry in the country has been experiencing a significant and steady growth, due to its low cost and some of its properties that confer comparative advantage over other binder materials. Its use comprises various applications including the coating of walls and the production of internal seals and linings. Moreover, the fibers are being increasingly incorporated into arrays fragile in an attempt to improve the properties of the composite by reducing the number of cracks, the opening of the same and its propagation velocity. Other properties, depending on the function of the component material or construction, among these thermal and acoustic performances, are of great importance in the context of buildings and could be improved, that is, having better performance with this embodiment. Conduct a comparative study of physico-mechanical, thermal and acoustic composite gypsum incorporating dry coconut fiber, in the form of blanket, constituted the main objective of this work. Improving the thermal and acoustic performances of precast gypsum, used for lining and internal vertical fences of buildings, was the purpose of development of these composites. To evaluate the effect of fiber content on the properties of the composites were used to manufacture the composite layer with different thicknesses. The composites were fabricated in the form of plates with dimensions of 500x500x24mm. To facilitate the comparative study of the properties were also made with material gypsum boards only. We then determined the physico-mechanical, thermal and acoustical plaster and composites. The results indicated that the composites were significant gains in relation to thermal performance and also acoustic, in certain frequency range, increasing the thickness of the blanket. Concerning other physical-mechanical properties, the results showed that although the compressive strength was lower than for the composite did not occur after a fracture catastrophic failure. The same trend was observed with regard to resistance to bending, since the composites have not suffered sudden rupture and still continued after the load supporting point of maximum load

Unidades de manejo para pinus: desenvolvimento e aplicação de metodologia em áreas de produção no oeste catarinense.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivos desenvolver e aplicar, no oeste catarinense, uma metodologia de estabelecimento de unidades de manejo para pinus a partir do mapeamento semi-detalhado de solos das áreas de estudo. Duas hipóteses de trabalho foram modeladas, ambas utilizando o sistema de produção de pinus local, que não faz correção da deficiência de nutrientes (ΔN): uma interpretação baseada na ausência de resposta ao melhoramento do ΔN, ou seja, que os tetos de produtividade independem dessa ação, sendo esse o modelo atual; e uma segunda interpretação considerando que a ausência do melhoramento do ΔN interfere nos tetos de produtividade do cultivo de pinus para as terras estudadas, modelo que representa um novo paradigma a ser testado. Cada polígono do mapa de solos detalhado foi associado a uma base de dados, que permitiu a definição dos graus de limitação das terras (ΔN, deficiência de água, deficiência de oxigênio, suscetibilidade à erosão e impedimentos ao manejo) para o cultivo do pinus. Conjuntos de critérios, considerando os diferentes graus de limitação alcançados para cada faixa de terra (polígonos do mapeamento de solos), definiram os guias para as classes de unidades de manejo para o cultivo de pinus. O mapeamento de solos semi-detalhado das áreas de produção identificou áreas mapeáveis associadas às classes de solos, em nível de ordem, Latossolos, Nitossolos, Cambissolos, Neossolos e Gleissolos. Essas cinco ordens geraram 36 unidades de mapeamento de solos. As limitações associadas aos atributos profundidade efetiva, relevo e presença de pedregosidade/rochosidade fizeram dos impedimentos ao manejo os fatores de limitação mais importantes para o cultivo de pinus das áreas mapeadas. Os quantitativos das classes de unidades de manejo para pinus dependeram de se considerar ou não a hipótese de resposta ao melhoramento do ΔN no sistema de manejo em uso na região. Na hipótese da ausência de resposta ao melhoramento do ΔN para a produção de pinus, temos os seguintes quantitativos: Apta superior com 113,14 ha (ou 7,5% da área mapeada); Apta inferior com 644,73 (ou 42,8% da área mapeada); Marginal superior com 408,35 (ou 27,1% da área mapeada); Marginal inferior com 277,58 ha (ou 18,4% da área mapeada) e Inapta com 63,2 ha (ou 4,2% da área mapeada). Ao se considerar a hipótese de uma resposta positiva ao melhoramento de ΔN para a produção de pinus e que o atual sistema de manejo não faz esse melhoramento, ocorre uma piora dos resultados, com muitas terras migrando das classes de unidades de manejo Apta (superior e inferior) para a classe Marginal superior.

Aplicação de técnicas eletroquímicas na determinação do potencial de corrosividade de ligas de alumínio em água produzida

The resistance of aluminum and their alloys, to the corrosion phenomenon, in aqueous solutions, is a result of the oxide layer formed. However, the corrosion process in the aluminum alloy is associated with the presence a second phase of particles or the presence of chloride ions which promote the disruption of the oxide layer located producing the corrosion process. On the other hand, the term water produced is used to describe the water after the separation of the oil and gas in API separators. The volumes of produced water arrive around 5 more times to the volume of oil produced. The greatest feature of the water is the presence of numerous pollutants. Due to the increased volume of waste around the world in the current decade, the outcome and the effect of the discharge of produced water on the environment has recently become an important issue of environmental concern where numerous treatments are aimed at reducing these contaminants before disposal. Then, this study aims to investigate the electrochemical corrosion behavior of aluminum alloy 6060 in presence of water produced and the influence of organic components as well as chloride ions, by using the electrochemical techniques of linear polarization. The modification of the passive layer and the likely breakpoints were observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). In the pit formation potential around -0.4 to -0.8 V/EAg/AgCl was observed that the diffusion of chloride ions occurs via the layer formed with the probable formation of pits. Whereas, at temperatures above 65 °C, it was observed that the range of potential for thepit formation was -0.4 to -0.5 V/EAg/AgCl. In all reactions, the concentration of Al(OH)3 in the form of a gel was observed

Aplicação de espectroscopia de infravermelho FTIR para quantificação de álcoois em soluções.

A espectroscopia no infravermelho médio com transformada de Fourier (FTIR) é uma técnica alternativa de quantificação rápida, fácil manuseio, baixo custo e ampla aplicabilidade. O presente estudo utilizou-se da FTIR associada à análise de regressão linear pelo método dos mínimos quadrados e análise gráfica dos espectrogramas para quantificar diferentes concentrações de metanol, etanol e propanol em soluções-padrão. As concentrações das soluções foram 0,1%; 0,25%; 0,5%; 1%; 2%; 3%; 4%; 5%; 10%; 20%; 30%; 40%; 50%; 60%;75% e 99,9 % de metanol, etanol e propanol. Observaram-se picos de absorbância de 0,106 para metanol; 0,070 para etanol e 0,143 para propanol, que correspondem aos números de onda 1017,0; 1043,7 e 1125,7 cm-1, respectivamente. A relação absorbância vs. concentração de álcoois metanol, etanol, e propanol mostrou as seguintes equações: y = 0,0055x + 0,0427 com R2 de 0,9893; y = 0,0061x + 0,0928 com R2 de 0,9937 e y = 0,002x + 0,0475 com R2 de 0,9938, descrevendo a concentração de álcool para um determinado volume de solução. A técnica mostrou boa aplicabilidade na determinação de álcoois metanol, metano e propanol na faixa de concentração de 2% a 60%.

Aplicação do escore MELD em pacientes submetidos a transplante de fígado: análise retrospectiva da sobrevida e dos fatores preditivos a curto e longo prazo

BACKGROUND: The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) was developed to predict short-term mortality in patients with cirrhosis. There are few reports studying the correlation between MELD and long-term posttransplantation survival. AIM: To assess the value of pretransplant MELD in the prediction of posttransplant survival. METHODS: The adult patients (age >18 years) who underwent liver transplantation were examined in a retrospective longitudinal cohort of patients, through the prospective data base. We excluded acute liver failure, retransplantation and reduced or split-livers. The liver donors were evaluated according to: age, sex, weight, creatinine, bilirubin, sodium, aspartate aminotransferase, personal antecedents, brain death cause, steatosis, expanded criteria donor number and index donor risk. The recipients' data were: sex, age, weight, chronic hepatic disease, Child-Turcotte-Pugh points, pretransplant and initial MELD score, pretransplant creatinine clearance, sodium, cold and warm ischemia times, hospital length of stay, blood requirements, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT >1,000 UI/L = liver dysfunction). The Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test was used for the univariable analyses of posttransplant patient survival. For the multivariable analyses the Cox proportional hazard regression method with the stepwise procedure was used with stratifying sodium and MELD as variables. ROC curve was used to define area under the curve for MELD and Child-Turcotte-Pugh. RESULTS: A total of 232 patients with 10 years follow up were available. The MELD cutoff was 20 and Child-Turcotte-Pugh cutoff was 11.5. For MELD score > 20, the risk factors for death were: red cell requirements, liver dysfunction and donor's sodium. For the patients with hyponatremia the risk factors were: negative delta-MELD score, red cell requirements, liver dysfunction and donor's sodium. The regression univariated analyses came up with the following risk factors for death: score MELD > 25, blood requirements, recipient creatinine clearance pretransplant and age donor >50. After stepwise analyses, only red cell requirement was predictive. Patients with MELD score < 25 had a 68.86%, 50,44% and 41,50% chance for 1, 5 and 10-year survival and > 25 were 39.13%, 29.81% and 22.36% respectively. Patients without hyponatremia were 65.16%, 50.28% and 41,98% and with hyponatremia 44.44%, 34.28% and 28.57% respectively. Patients with IDR > 1.7 showed 53.7%, 27.71% and 13.85% and index donor risk <1.7 was 63.62%, 51.4% and 44.08%, respectively. Age donor > 50 years showed 38.4%, 26.21% and 13.1% and age donor <50 years showed 65.58%, 26.21% and 13.1%. Association with delta-MELD score did not show any significant difference. Expanded criteria donors were associated with primary non-function and severe liver dysfunction. Predictive factors for death were blood requirements, hyponatremia, liver dysfunction and donor's sodium. CONCLUSION: In conclusion MELD over 25, recipient's hyponatremia, blood requirements, donor's sodium were associated with poor survival.

Quantificação de fluxos de mercúrio gasoso na interface solo/atmosfera utilizando câmara de fluxo dinâmica: aplicação na bacia do Rio Negro

Gaseous mercury sampling conditions were optimized and a dynamic flux chamber was used to measure the air/surface exchange of mercury in some areas of the Negro river basin with different vegetal coverings. At the two forest sites (flooding and non-flooding), low mercury fluxes were observed: maximum of 3 pmol m-2 h-1 - day and minimum of -1 pmol m-2 h-1 - night. At the deforested site, the mercury fluxes were higher and always positive: maximum of 26 pmol m-2 h-1 - day and 17 pmol m-2 h-1 - night. Our results showed that deforestation could be responsible for significantly increasing soil Hg emissions, mainly because of the high soil temperatures reached at deforested sites.

Ecomateriais: desenvolvimento e aplicação de materiais porosos funcionais para proteção ambiental

Fundamental aspects of the conception and applications of ecomaterials, in particular porous materials in the perspective of green chemistry are discussed in this paper. General recommendations for description and classification of porous materials are reviewed briefly. By way of illustration, some case studies of materials design and applications in pollution detection and remediation are described. It is shown here how different materials developed by our groups, such as porous glasses, ecomaterials from biomass and anionic clays were programmed to perform specific functions. A discussion of the present and future of ecomaterials in green chemistry is presented along with important key goals.

Aplicação de métodos de calibração multivariada para a determinação simultânea de riboflavina (VB2), tiamina (VB1), piridoxina (VB6) e nicotinamida (VPP)

In this work, the artificial neural networks (ANN) and partial least squares (PLS) regression were applied to UV spectral data for quantitative determination of thiamin hydrochloride (VB1), riboflavin phosphate (VB2), pyridoxine hydrochloride (VB6) and nicotinamide (VPP) in pharmaceutical samples. For calibration purposes, commercial samples in 0.2 mol L-1 acetate buffer (pH 4.0) were employed as standards. The concentration ranges used in the calibration step were: 0.1 - 7.5 mg L-1 for VB1, 0.1 - 3.0 mg L-1 for VB2, 0.1 - 3.0 mg L-1 for VB6 and 0.4 - 30.0 mg L-1 for VPP. From the results it is possible to verify that both methods can be successfully applied for these determinations. The similar error values were obtained by using neural network or PLS methods. The proposed methodology is simple, rapid and can be easily used in quality control laboratories.

Síntese e estudo de ortossilicatos de zinco luminescentes com aplicação da técnica sol-gel

Usually, the concepts of the Sol-Gel technique are not applied in experimental chemistry courses. This work presents a feasible experiment for chemistry instruction, which involves the synthesis of luminescent materials - Zn2SiO4, with and without Mn2+ as a dopant - by the Sol-Gel technique. The obtained materials were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-Ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and luminescence measures by UV-vis spectroscopy. The results allow the students to confirm the luminescent properties of the zinc orthosilicate luminophores as well as the structural features expected from literature data.

Gases e ruídos em edificações para suínos: aplicação das normas NR-15, CIGR e ACGIH

Swine production represents an important segment of Brazilian economy, and the possibility of increasing production is eminent mainly if considered the low pork consumption when compared to other meat and the consumption of other countries. The increasing need in the international market demands show that in a near future the commercial barriers will be based on welfare, in the protection of the environment as well as in the worker's legislation. Little knowledge is available in the subject of worker's standards in the environmental agents in rural activities as well as the air quality under Brazilian conditions. The objectives of this research were to apply the main used standards related to noise and gases and to estimate occupational risk using measurements of noise level, hydrogen sulfide, methane and oxygen in swine housing, in piglet's nursery and finishing. The results showed that the continuous noise level were below the one found in the standards, however there were observed differences (P < 0.05) in relation to the noise level measured in piglet's nursing cages and in semi-slatted floor. The respective concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and methane were less than 1 ppm and less than 0,1% by volume, which was lower than the recommended limits in NR-15, CIGR and ACGIH. The oxygen level was 21% in average.

Desenvolvimento e avaliação de uma servoválvula de baixo custo para a aplicação de insumos líquidos

The present work aimed the development of a low cost servo-valve that answers to an electronic control signal, for variable rates liquid inputs application. A literature research to define which valve type should be used was made. A mechanically activated proportional valve with an electronically controlled servo-engine was designed and evaluated. Since developed the servo-valve, the system was submited to a number of tests .The evaluation of its behavior was obtained in terms of repeatability, hystheresis and linearity. The test was accomplished in a bench, specially developed for this aim. As a result, were obtained three curves of opening percentage as function of flow rate, describing three opening and closing increments in two different work pressures. The servo-valve presented a good repeatability, reasonable hysteresis and a typically quadratic curve. This one maintained the low cost target. These results were very satisfied because the non-linearity and the hysteresis could be easily corrected by software.

Avaliação da aplicação do Metodo Mulligan e massoterapia classica nas disfunções da articulação temporomandibular em mulheres adultas por meio da escala visual-numerica de dor e pelo SF-36

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Paramentros fisiologicos, motores e morfologicos de bailarinas classicas

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Estudo de aplicação de rede de investigação em saude e urgencia em educação fisica

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física