Ground beetle (Carabidae) abundance data from north-eastern Australian rainforest, between June 2008 - January 2010, using pitfall traps

Understanding how the environment influences patterns of diversity is vital for effective conservation management, especially in a changing global climate. While assemblage structure and species richness patterns are often correlated with current environmental factors, historical influences may also be considerable, especially for taxa with poor dispersal abilities. Mountain-top regions throughout tropical rainforests can act as important refugia for taxa characterised by low dispersal capacities such as flightless ground beetles (Carabidae), an ecologically significant predatory group. We surveyed flightless ground beetles along elevational gradients in five different subregions within the Australian Wet Tropics World Heritage Area to investigate (1) whether the diversity and composition of flightless ground beetles are elevationally stratified, and, if so, (2) what environmental factors (other than elevation per se) are associated with these patterns. Generalised linear models and model averaging techniques were used to relate patterns of diversity to environmental factors. Unlike most taxonomic groups, flightless ground beetles increased in species richness and abundance with elevation. Additionally, each subregion consisted of distinct assemblages containing a high level of regional endemic species. Species richness was most strongly positively associated with the historical climatic conditions and negatively associated with severity of recent disturbance (treefalls) and current climatic conditions. Assemblage composition was associated with latitude and current and historical climatic conditions. Our results suggest that distributional patterns of flightless ground beetles are not only likely to be associated with factors that change with elevation (current climatic conditions), but also factors that are independent of elevation (recent disturbance and historical climatic conditions). Variation in historical vegetation stability explained both species richness and assemblage composition patterns, probably reflecting the significance of upland refugia at a geographic time scale. These findings are important for conservation management as upland habitats are under threat from climate change.

Quaternary and Paleogene calcareous nannofossils of ODP Leg 115

The occurrences of ten datum events for the Quaternary and top Pliocene nannofossils are identified at nine Leg 115 sites. A quantitative investigation of Paleogene nannofossils in 470 samples selected from 11 holes at 9 sites yielded 197 taxa, including one new species and 10 unidentified taxa that are likely to be new species. Regional differences in the timing of some biostratigraphically important events are recognized, and a set of datum events useful for biostratigra- phy in the tropical Indian Ocean is presented. Biogeographical differences are minor for Paleogene cores from the tropical sites (Sites 707-716); however, the Quaternary and late early Oligocene floras observed at the two subtropical sites (Sites 705 and 706) differ significantly from the corresponding floras of the tropical sites. Bathymetrically controlled dissolution is recognized by the reduction of species diversity in the Paleogene flora. Selective dissolution of nannofossils is also evidenced by the percentage reduction of three holococcolith taxa, Lanternithus minutus, Zygrhablithus bijugatus, and Holococcolith type A as well as by the increase of Coccolithus pelagicusand Cribrocentrum reticulatumin the deeper sites.

Se nas pedras faz feguras parecer... Consideraciones sobre iconografía mariana y figuras poéticas en las Cantigas de Santa María de Alfonso X

La iconografía mariana ha quedado reflejada en la poesía hispánica medieval de muchas maneras: desde versos que describen a la Virgen y sus atributos hasta conceptos teológicos y mariológicos expresados plásticamente mediante formas retóricas. Por ejemplo, el jardín y las flores como ornamentos y símbolos personales de Santa María, o bien la imagen de la luz a través de un cristal o una ventana de vidrio en escenas de la Anunciación -con abundantes testimonios pictóricos en el arte medieval-, se encuentran en la poesía en forma de descripciones simbólicas de diversa extensión y género y, por otro lado, de advocaciones marianas o tópicos mariológicos (Ave/Eva, Flos, Hortus, Radix-Virga, Regina, Stella). Este artículo propone, pues, un estudio de conjunto y comparativo de algunos de estos procedimientos, concentrándose en las Cantigas de Santa María del rey Alfonso X. En este sentido, las figuras retóricas, como herramientas que tienden un puente entre lo pictórico y lo poético, dirigen necesariamente la lectura hacia una interpretación simbólica proporcionada por la figuración o typologia, tal como la ha postulado Erich Auerbach para la textualidad medieval. En última instancia, el valor sagrado de la imagen mariana (una herencia del arte icónico bizantino) se representa también en los milagros de las Cantigas de Santa María, obra maestra que evidencia una fuerte influencia de la doctrina iconodúlica.

Se nas pedras faz feguras parecer... Consideraciones sobre iconografía mariana y figuras poéticas en las Cantigas de Santa María de Alfonso X

La iconografía mariana ha quedado reflejada en la poesía hispánica medieval de muchas maneras: desde versos que describen a la Virgen y sus atributos hasta conceptos teológicos y mariológicos expresados plásticamente mediante formas retóricas. Por ejemplo, el jardín y las flores como ornamentos y símbolos personales de Santa María, o bien la imagen de la luz a través de un cristal o una ventana de vidrio en escenas de la Anunciación -con abundantes testimonios pictóricos en el arte medieval-, se encuentran en la poesía en forma de descripciones simbólicas de diversa extensión y género y, por otro lado, de advocaciones marianas o tópicos mariológicos (Ave/Eva, Flos, Hortus, Radix-Virga, Regina, Stella). Este artículo propone, pues, un estudio de conjunto y comparativo de algunos de estos procedimientos, concentrándose en las Cantigas de Santa María del rey Alfonso X. En este sentido, las figuras retóricas, como herramientas que tienden un puente entre lo pictórico y lo poético, dirigen necesariamente la lectura hacia una interpretación simbólica proporcionada por la figuración o typologia, tal como la ha postulado Erich Auerbach para la textualidad medieval. En última instancia, el valor sagrado de la imagen mariana (una herencia del arte icónico bizantino) se representa también en los milagros de las Cantigas de Santa María, obra maestra que evidencia una fuerte influencia de la doctrina iconodúlica.

Se nas pedras faz feguras parecer... Consideraciones sobre iconografía mariana y figuras poéticas en las Cantigas de Santa María de Alfonso X

La iconografía mariana ha quedado reflejada en la poesía hispánica medieval de muchas maneras: desde versos que describen a la Virgen y sus atributos hasta conceptos teológicos y mariológicos expresados plásticamente mediante formas retóricas. Por ejemplo, el jardín y las flores como ornamentos y símbolos personales de Santa María, o bien la imagen de la luz a través de un cristal o una ventana de vidrio en escenas de la Anunciación -con abundantes testimonios pictóricos en el arte medieval-, se encuentran en la poesía en forma de descripciones simbólicas de diversa extensión y género y, por otro lado, de advocaciones marianas o tópicos mariológicos (Ave/Eva, Flos, Hortus, Radix-Virga, Regina, Stella). Este artículo propone, pues, un estudio de conjunto y comparativo de algunos de estos procedimientos, concentrándose en las Cantigas de Santa María del rey Alfonso X. En este sentido, las figuras retóricas, como herramientas que tienden un puente entre lo pictórico y lo poético, dirigen necesariamente la lectura hacia una interpretación simbólica proporcionada por la figuración o typologia, tal como la ha postulado Erich Auerbach para la textualidad medieval. En última instancia, el valor sagrado de la imagen mariana (una herencia del arte icónico bizantino) se representa también en los milagros de las Cantigas de Santa María, obra maestra que evidencia una fuerte influencia de la doctrina iconodúlica.

Paleocene-Eocene calcareous nannofossils of onshore wells from the Coastal Plain of New Jersey and Maryland, USA

Paleogene calcareous nannofossils from split spoon cores recovered from five wells along the Coastal Plain of New Jersey and Maryland have been analyzed in order to provide onshore information complementary to that derived from the offshore DSDP Site 605 (upper continental rise off New Jersey). Hiatuses are more numerous and of greater extent in the onshore sections, but the major ones correlate well with those noted in the offshore section. At one site at least (Leggett Well), sedimentation may well have been continuous across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, as it is believed to have been at DSDP Site 605. These various correlations are discussed elsewhere in a companion paper (Olsson and Wise, this volume). Important differences in nannofossil assemblages are noted between the onshore (shelf paleoenvironment) and offshore (slope-rise paleoenvironment) sections. Lithostromation simplex, not present offshore, is consistently present onshore and seems to be confined to the Eocene shelf sediments of this region. The same relationship holds for the zonal marker, Rhabdosphaera gladius Locker. The Rhomboaster-Tribrachiatus plexus is more diverse and better preserved in the onshore sections, where the lowermost Eocene Zone CP9 is well represented. Differential preservation is postulated to account for two morphotypes of Tribrachiatus bramlettei (Brönnimann and Stradner). Type A is represented at DSDP Site 605 by individuals with short, stubby arms, but these forms are not present in the equivalent onshore sections. There they are replaced by the Type B morphotypes, which exhibit a similar basic construction but possess much longer, more delicate arms.

Cenozoic calcareous nannofossils from the Lesser Antilles Forearc Region

During Leg 110 of the Ocean Drilling Program, sediment was recovered from six sites in the vicinity of the Lesser Antilles Forearc. Hole 671B, drilled near the toe of the Barbados deformation front, was the first-ever penetration of the decollement between the underthrusting Atlantic Plate and the off scraped Barbados accretionary prism. Stratigraphic repetitions in sequence associated with tectonic movement along the decollement zone, first observed on DSDP Leg 78A, were further documented at four ODP Leg 110 sites. A significant biostratigraphic inversion is present at Site 671 at 128 mbsf in which upper Miocene sediments rest atop lower Pleistocene strata. Smaller repetitions in sequence are recorded at Sites 671, 673, 674, and 676. Leg 110 sediments range from middle Eocene to early Pleistocene in age. Pliocene/Pleistocene assemblages are generally well preserved; however, Miocene assemblages have undergone extensive dissolution at all Leg 110 sites. Paleogene sediments are sometimes recrystallized and the nannofossils contained within exhibit a range in preservation from poor to good.

Cenozoic calcareous nannofossils in DSDP Leg 77 holes

Three of the six DSDP Leg 77 sites drilled in the western approaches to the Straits of Florida yielded thick sequences of Cenozoic sediment rich in calcareous nannofossils. Hiatuses are prominent in each of these continuously cored intervals. A prominent upper Oligocene hiatus, observed at each of these three sites, can be correlated to a large-scale "global" regression event. Other disconformable horizons present in the study area cannot be positively related to sealevel fluctuations and may be caused by a number of factors including local tectonic activity. Paleogene sections are generally marked by thick accumulations within the upper Oligocene Sphenolithus ciperoensis Zone and by a pronounced braarudosphaerid-holococcolith bloom recorded in the lower Oligocene and upper Eocene. This bloom is particularly well developed at Site 540. All samples examined contain abundant nannofossils. Preservation fluctuates throughout the sections from good to poor.

Impact of temperature and species interaction on filamentous cyanobacteria may be more important than salinity and increased pCO2 levels

A future business-as-usual scenario (A1FI) was tested on two bloom-forming cyanobacteria of the Baltic Proper, Nodularia spumigena and Aphanizomenon sp., growing separately and together. The projected scenario was tested in two laboratory experiments where (a) interactive effects of increased temperature and decreased salinity and (b) interactive effects of increased temperature and elevated levels of pCO2 were tested. Increased temperature, from 12 to 16 °C, had a positive effect on the biovolume and photosynthetic activity (F v/F m) of both species. Compared when growing separately, the biovolume of each species was lower when grown together. Decreased salinity, from 7 to 4, and elevated levels of pCO2, from 380 to 960 ppm, had no effect on the biovolume, but on F v/F m of N. spumigena with higher F v/F m in salinity 7. Our results suggest that the projected A1FI scenario might be beneficial for the two species dominating the extensive summer blooms in the Baltic Proper. However, our results further stress the importance of studying interactions between species.