Análisis narratológico y traducción de la prosa liteararia de M. Eminescu

La tesis tiene como objetivo principal el análisis narratológico de la prosa literaria de Mihail Eminescu. La metodología utilizada es descriptiva. En el primer capítulo, se describe el contexto histórico, social y literario del autor rumano. Es decir, se ha intentado acercar a Eminescu al lector hispánico. A continuación, en el segundo capítulo, se realiza el estudio específico del corpus textual. Para el estudio de su prosa, por tanto, se adopta una visión diacrónica. La dedicación de Eminescu a la narrativa preexiste, y subyace en el tiempo respecto a su creación poética. Se han utilizado las ediciones críticas de Perpessicius y de Rusu. En el tercer capítulo, se desarrolla el análisis de los textos a partir de los postulados de la narratología. Se ofrece una visión conjunta de toda esta producción con una metodología abierta, pero basada sobre todo en los postulados teóricos de Gérard Genette y la narratología, de los que tomamos el planteamiento analítico general, con la división en historia y discurso, junto con bastantes acercamientos particulares. En este tercer capítulo, también se presentan algunas cuestiones intertextuales en una doble vertiente, en las conexiones con otras obras y autores, y en las conexiones con las novelas del propio Eminescu. A lo largo de toda la tesis, se facilita bibliografía pormenorizada de las tres grandes secciones del trabajo: biografía y contexto histórico-social del autor; el corpus textual y la crítica literaria. Los índices finales pretenden facilitar la lectura de la tesis a lectores que desconocen la lengua rumana. El anexo ofrece, como resultado del análisis narratológico, la primera traducción en español de la prosa literaria de M. Eminescu. Se ha intentado crear una traducción que sea lo suficientemente atractiva y placentera para un lector hispánico y lo suficientemente honesta para con Eminescu. Como principal conclusión se propone a M. Eminescu, el “último gran poeta romántico de Europa”, como una figura narrativa olvidada de la literatura rumana y europea del siglo XIX. Se ha destacado también la influencia de la filosofía, de las culturas orientales, clásicas y contemporáneas, como las del romanticismo. El análisis estilístico de la escritura de Eminescu revela una prosa romántica, con una marcada tendencia hacia la expresión poética en el plano formal, y caracterizada, en el plano del contenido, por una gran riqueza cultural, filosófica, pictórica e histórica.

Los géneros textuales en la enseñanza del español como lengua segunda y extranjera. Análisis de materiales de enseñanza

Este trabajo, que se enmarca en la perspectiva del interaccionismo socio-discursivo (Bronckart, 2007), se interesa en los aportes del género textual en tanto herramienta para la didáctica de las lenguas (Schneuwly & Dolz, 2004). En los últimos años, sobre esta base, se han elaborado materiales didácticos en L1 (Dolz, Noverraz & Schneuwly, 2001) y en lenguas segundas (ver revisión en Sánchez, Mosquera, Dolz & Gagnon, 2012). Sin embargo, los géneros textuales en la enseñanza de las lenguas plantean cuestiones teóricas y metodológicas. En efecto, el tratamiento de los géneros primarios y secundarios (Bajtín, 2005) en las clases y en los materiales de enseñanza puede abordarse desde perspectivas diferentes, y puede, en consecuencia, tener implicancias muy diferentes para la progresión de los aprendizajes (Miranda, 2013). En este sentido, en esta contribución, nos proponemos analizar y comparar materiales de enseñanza de español lengua extranjera (ELE) actuales, difundidos en dos contextos geográficos diferentes: Argentina, donde el español es lengua oficial y mayoritaria y Suiza, donde el español es una lengua minoritaria y de la migración, cuyo estudio suscita un interés creciente en los últimos años (El mundo estudia español, 2009). El objetivo del análisis es identificar los géneros textuales trabajados, su tratamiento y sus funciones didácticas en la secuencia de enseñanza, tal como se presentan en los manuales de enseñanza del español L2/LE. Nuestro corpus está constituido por 4 libros de ELE del mismo nivel, dos editados en Europa y dos editados en Argentina. La comparación de los materiales se centrará en las perspectivas de abordaje de los géneros textuales trabajados en los diferentes manuales y en los distintos aspectos desarrollados para su tratamiento en las unidades didácticas. Se discutirán también las implicancias didácticas en cada caso

Los géneros textuales en la enseñanza del español como lengua segunda y extranjera. Análisis de materiales de enseñanza

Este trabajo, que se enmarca en la perspectiva del interaccionismo socio-discursivo (Bronckart, 2007), se interesa en los aportes del género textual en tanto herramienta para la didáctica de las lenguas (Schneuwly & Dolz, 2004). En los últimos años, sobre esta base, se han elaborado materiales didácticos en L1 (Dolz, Noverraz & Schneuwly, 2001) y en lenguas segundas (ver revisión en Sánchez, Mosquera, Dolz & Gagnon, 2012). Sin embargo, los géneros textuales en la enseñanza de las lenguas plantean cuestiones teóricas y metodológicas. En efecto, el tratamiento de los géneros primarios y secundarios (Bajtín, 2005) en las clases y en los materiales de enseñanza puede abordarse desde perspectivas diferentes, y puede, en consecuencia, tener implicancias muy diferentes para la progresión de los aprendizajes (Miranda, 2013). En este sentido, en esta contribución, nos proponemos analizar y comparar materiales de enseñanza de español lengua extranjera (ELE) actuales, difundidos en dos contextos geográficos diferentes: Argentina, donde el español es lengua oficial y mayoritaria y Suiza, donde el español es una lengua minoritaria y de la migración, cuyo estudio suscita un interés creciente en los últimos años (El mundo estudia español, 2009). El objetivo del análisis es identificar los géneros textuales trabajados, su tratamiento y sus funciones didácticas en la secuencia de enseñanza, tal como se presentan en los manuales de enseñanza del español L2/LE. Nuestro corpus está constituido por 4 libros de ELE del mismo nivel, dos editados en Europa y dos editados en Argentina. La comparación de los materiales se centrará en las perspectivas de abordaje de los géneros textuales trabajados en los diferentes manuales y en los distintos aspectos desarrollados para su tratamiento en las unidades didácticas. Se discutirán también las implicancias didácticas en cada caso

Literacy and religion : the textual politics and practice of Seventh-day Adventism

This book explores the interrelation of literacy and religion as practiced by Western Christians in, first, historical contexts and, second, in one contemporary church setting. Using both a case study and a Foucauldian theoretical framework, the book provides a sustained analysis of the reciprocal discursive construction of literacy, religiosity and identity in one Seventh-day Adventist Church community of Northern Australia. Critical linguistic and discourse analytic theory is used to disclose processes of theological (church), familial (home) and educational (school) normalisation of community members into regulated ways of hearing and speaking, reading and writing, being and believing. Detailed analyses of spoken and written texts taken from institutional and local community settings show how textual religion is an exemplary technology of the self, a politics constituted by canonical texts, interpretive norms, textual practices, ritualised events and sociopolitical protocols that, ultimately, are turned in upon the self. The purpose of these analyses is to show how, across denominational difference in belief (tradition) and practice, particular versions of self and society are constructed through economies of truth from text, enabling and constraining what can and cannot be spoken and enacted by believers.

Multi-version documents : A digitisation solution for textual cultural artefacts

Textual cultural heritage artefacts present two serious problems for the encoder: how to record different or revised versions of the same work, and how to encode conflicting perspectives of the text using markup. Both are forms of textual variation, and can be accurately recorded using a multi-version document, based on a minimally redundant directed graph that cleanly separates variation from content.

Injuries leading to hospitalisation in the first year of life : analysis by trimester of age using coded data and textual description

Objective: To describe unintentional injuries to children aged less than one year, using coded and textual information, in three-month age bands to reflect their development over the year. Methods: Data from the Queensland Injury Surveillance Unit was used. The Unit collects demographic, clinical and circumstantial details about injured persons presenting to selected emergency departments across the State. Only injuries coded as unintentional in children admitted to hospital were included for this analysis. Results: After editing, 1,082 children remained for analysis, 24 with transport-related injuries. Falls were the most common injury, but becoming proportionately less over the year, whereas burns and scalds and foreign body injuries increased. The proportion of injuries due to contact with persons or objects varied little, but poisonings were relatively more common in the first and fourth three-month periods. Descriptions indicated that family members were somehow causally involved in 16% of injuries. Our findings are in qualitative agreement with comparable previous studies. Conclusion: The pattern of injuries varies over the first year of life and is clearly linked to the child's increasing mobility. Implications: Injury patterns in the first year of life should be reported over shorter intervals. Preventive measures for young children need to be designed with their rapidly changing developmental stage in mind, using a variety of strategies, one of which could be opportunistic developmentally specific education of parents. Injuries in young children are of abiding concern given their immediate health and emotional effects, and potential for long-term adverse sequelae. In Australia, in the financial year 2006/07, 2,869 children less than 12 months of age were admitted to hospital for an unintentional injury, a rate of 10.6 per 1,000, representing a considerable economic and social burden. Given that many of these injuries are preventable, this is particularly concerning. Most epidemiologic studies analyse data in five-year age bands, so children less than five years of age are examined as a group. This study includes only those children younger than one year of age to identify injury detail lost in analyses of the larger group, as we hypothesised that the injury pattern varied with the developmental stage of the child. The authors of several North American studies have commented that in dealing with injuries in pre-school children, broad age groupings are inadequate to do justice to the rapid developmental changes in infancy and early childhood, and have in consequence analysed injuries in shorter intervals. To our knowledge, no similar analysis of Australian infant injuries has been published to date. This paper describes injury in children less than 12 months of age using data from the Queensland Injury Surveillance Unit (QISU).

The cultural impact of institutional remix : the formalisation of textual reappropriation within the ABC

In 2009, Mark Deuze proposed an updated approach to media studies to incorporate ‘media life’, a concept he suggests addresses the invisibleness of ubiquitous media. Media life provides a useful lens for researchers to understand the human condition in media and not with media. At a similar time, public service media (PSM) strategies have aligned audience participation with the so‐called Reithian trinity which suggest the PSB should inform, educate and entertain while performing its core values of public service broadcasting (Enli 2008). Remix within the PSM institution relies on audience participation, employing ‘the people formerly known as the audience’ (Rosen 2006) as cultural artifact producers, and draws on their experience from within the media. Remix as a practice then enables us to examine the shift of the core PSM values by understanding how audience participation, informed by a human condition mobilised from our existence of being in media and not merely with media. However, remix within PSM challenges the once elitist construction of meaning models with an egalitarian approach towards socially reappropriated texts, questioning its affect on the cultural landscape. This paper draws on three years of ethnographic data from within the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), exploring the remix culture of ABC Pool. ABC Pool operates under a Creative Commons licensing regime to enable remix practice under the auspices of the ABC. ABC Pool users provide a useful group of remix practitioners to examine as they had access to a vast ABC archival collection and were invited to remix those cultural artefacts, often adding cultural and fiscal value. This paper maintains a focus on the audience participation within PSM through remix culture by applying media dependency theory to remix as cultural practice and calls to expand and update the societal representation within the ABC.

Cultural flows in an Aboriginal school : deterritorializing textual production through a socially mediated Indigenous heritage

Flows of cultural heritage in textual practices are vital to sustaining Indigenous communities. Indigenous heritage, whether passed on by oral tradition or ubiquitous social media, can be seen as a “conversation between the past and the future” (Fairclough, 2012, xv). Indigenous heritage involves appropriating memories within a cultural flow to pass on a spiritual legacy. This presentation reports ethnographic research of social media practices in a small independent Aboriginal school in Southeast Queensland, Australia that is resided over by the Yugambeh elders and an Aboriginal principal. The purpose was to rupture existing notions of white literacies in schools, and to deterritorialize the uses of digital media by dominant cultures in the public sphere. Examples of learning experiences included the following: i. Integrating Indigenous language and knowledge into media text production; ii. Using conversations with Indigenous elders and material artifacts as an entry point for storytelling; iii. Dadirri – spiritual listening in the yarning circle to develop storytelling (Ungunmerr-Baumann, 2002); and iv. Writing and publicly sharing oral histories through digital scrapbooking shared via social media. The program aligned with the Australian National Curriculum English (ACARA, 2012), which mandates the teaching of multimodal text creation. Data sources included a class set of digital scrapbooks collaboratively created in a multi-age primary classroom. The digital scrapbooks combined digitally encoded words, images of material artifacts, and digital music files. A key feature of the writing and digital design task was to retell and digitally display and archive a cultural narrative of significance to the Indigenous Australian community and its memories and material traces of the past for the future. Data analysis of the students’ digital stories involved the application of key themes of negotiated, material, and digitally mediated forms of heritage practice. It drew on Australian Indigenous research by Keddie et al. (2013) to guard against the homogenizing of culture that can arise from a focus on a static view of culture. The interpretation of findings located Indigenous appropriation of social media within broader racialized politics that enables Indigenous literacy to be understood as a dynamic, negotiated, and transgenerational flows of practice. The findings demonstrate that Indigenous children’s use of media production reflects “shifting and negotiated identities” in response to changing media environments that can function to sustain Indigenous cultural heritages (Appadurai, 1696, xv). It demonstrated how the children’s experiences of culture are layered over time, as successive generations inherit, interweave, and hear others’ cultural stories or maps. It also demonstrated how the children’s production of narratives through multimedia can provide a platform for the flow and reconstruction of performative collective memories and “lived traces of a common past” (Giaccardi, 2012). It disrupts notions of cultural reductionism and racial incommensurability that fix and homogenize Indigenous practices within and against a dominant White norm. Recommendations are provided for an approach to appropriating social media in schools that explicitly attends to the dynamic nature of Indigenous practices, negotiated through intercultural constructions and flows, and opening space for a critical anti-racist approach to multimodal text production.

Taboo Texts and Troubling Silences: How Textual Choices Coconstruct a Positive School Climate for Same-Sex- Attracted Students

This paper offers insights into the relationship between curriculum decision making, positive school climate, and academic achievement for same-sex attracted (SSA) students. The authors use critical discourse analysis to present a ‘conversation’ between six same-sex attracted young people, aged 14-19, and three pop-culture texts currently popular with both teachers and school-aged peers: The Hunger Games, Tomorrow When the War Began, and Neighbours. Analysis starts from the perspective that schools are empowered agents in the production of students’ sexualised identities and seeks to understand how textual choices function as active discourse in that production. Through this analysis, an argument is made for expanding notions of what it means to ‘attend to’ gender and sexuality through textual choice and critical pedagogy.

Perception of prescription medicine sample packs among Australian professional, government, industry, and consumer organizations, based on automated textual analysis of one-on-one interviews

Background Prescription medicine samples provided by pharmaceutical companies are predominantly newer and more expensive products. The range of samples provided to practices may not represent the drugs that the doctors desire to have available. Few studies have used a qualitative design to explore the reasons behind sample use. Objective The aim of this study was to explore the opinions of a variety of Australian key informants about prescription medicine samples, using a qualitative methodology. Methods Twenty-three organizations involved in quality use of medicines in Australia were identified, based on the authors' previous knowledge. Each organization was invited to nominate 1 or 2 representatives to participate in semistructured interviews utilizing seeding questions. Each interview was recorded and transcribed verbatim. Leximancer v2.25 text analysis software (Leximancer Pty Ltd., Jindalee, Queensland, Australia) was used for textual analysis. The top 10 concepts from each analysis group were interrogated back to the original transcript text to determine the main emergent opinions. Results A total of 18 key interviewees representing 16 organizations participated. Samples, patient, doctor, and medicines were the major concepts among general opinions about samples. The concept drug became more frequent and the concept companies appeared when marketing issues were discussed. The Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and cost were more prevalent in discussions about alternative sample distribution models, indicating interviewees were cognizant of budgetary implications. Key interviewee opinions added richness to the single-word concepts extracted by Leximancer. Conclusions Participants recognized that prescription medicine samples have an influence on quality use of medicines and play a role in the marketing of medicines. They also believed that alternative distribution systems for samples could provide benefits. The cost of a noncommercial system for distributing samples or starter packs was a concern. These data will be used to design further research investigating alternative models for distribution of samples.

Framing student evaluations of university learning and teaching : discursive strategies and textual outcomes

Evaluation in higher education is an evolving social practice, that is, it involves what people, institutions and broader systems do and say, how they do and say it, what they value, the effects of these practices and values, and how meanings are ascribed. The textual products (verbal, written, visual, gestural) that inform and are produced by, for and through evaluative practices are important as they promulgate particular kinds of meanings and values in specific contexts. This paper reports on an exploratory study that sought to investigate, using discourse analysis, the types of evaluative practices that were ascribed value, and the student responses that ensued, in different evaluative instruments. Findings indicate that when a reflective approach is taken to evaluation, students’ responses are more considered, they interrogate their own engagement in the learning context and they are more likely to demonstrate reconstructive thought. These findings have implications for reframing evaluation as reflective learning.