The Nature-study review : devoted to all phases of nature-study in elementary schools.

v. 6 (1910)

The Nature-study review : devoted to all phases of nature-study in elementary schools.

v. 5 (1909)

The Nature-study review : devoted to all phases of nature-study in elementary schools.

v. 11 (1915)

The Nature-study review : devoted to all phases of nature-study in elementary schools.

v. 4 (1908)

Electroencephalography (EEG) for neurological prognostication after cardiac arrest and targeted temperature management; rationale and study design.

BACKGROUND: Electroencephalography (EEG) is widely used to assess neurological prognosis in patients who are comatose after cardiac arrest, but its value is limited by varying definitions of pathological patterns and by inter-rater variability. The American Clinical Neurophysiology Society (ACNS) has recently proposed a standardized EEG-terminology for critical care to address these limitations. METHODS/DESIGN: In the TTM-trial, 399 post cardiac arrest patients who remained comatose after rewarming underwent a routine EEG. The presence of clinical seizures, use of sedatives and antiepileptic drugs during the EEG-registration were prospectively documented. DISCUSSION: A well-defined terminology for interpreting post cardiac arrest EEGs is critical for the use of EEG as a prognostic tool. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The TTM-trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01020916).

Effect of feed fat by-products with trans fatty acids and heated oil on cholesterol and oxycholesterols in chicken

Chicken is the most widely consumed meat all over the world due to chickens being easy to rear, their fast growth rate and the meat having good nutritional characteristics. The main objective of this paper was to study the effects of dietary fatty by-products in low, medium and high levels of oxidized lipids and trans fatty acids (TFAs) on the contents of cholesterol and oxycholesterols in meat, liver, and plasma of chickens. A palm fatty acid distillate, before and after hydrogenation, and a sunflower-olive oil blend (70/30, v/v) before and after use in a commercial frying process were used in feeding trials after adding 6% of the fats to the feeds. Highly oxidized lipid and TFA feeds significantly increased the contents of cholesterol and oxycholesterols in all tissues of chicken (0.01 < p <= 0.05). The contents of oxycholesterols in chicken meat, liver and plasma obtained from TFA feeding trials varied between 17 and 48 μg/100 g in meat, 19-42 μg/100 g in liver and 105-126 μg/dL in plasma. In contrast, in the oxidized lipid feeding trials, oxycholesterols varied between 13 and 75 μg/100 g in meat, 30-58 μg/100 g in liver and 66-209 μg/dL in plasma. Meat from chickens fed with feeds containing high levels of TFAs or oxidized lipids may contribute to higher ingestion of cholesterol and oxycholesterols by humans.

Transient ocular motor nerve palsies associated with presumed cranial nerve schwannomas.

BACKGROUND: Cranial nerve schwannomas are radiologically characterized by nodular cranial nerve enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Schwannomas typically present with gradually progressive symptoms, but isolated reports have suggested that schwannomas may cause fluctuating symptoms as well. METHODS: This is a report of ten cases of presumed cranial nerve schwannoma that presented with transient or recurring ocular motor nerve deficits. RESULTS: Schwannomas of the third, fourth, and fifth nerves resulted in fluctuating deficits of all 3 ocular motor nerves. Persistent nodular cranial nerve enhancement was present on sequential MRI studies. Several episodes of transient oculomotor (III) deficts were associated with headaches, mimicking ophthalmoplegic migraine. CONCLUSIONS: Cranial nerve schwannomas may result in relapsing and remitting cranial nerve symptoms.

Interrater variability of EEG interpretation in comatose cardiac arrest patients.

OBJECTIVE: EEG is widely used to predict outcome in comatose cardiac arrest patients, but its value has been limited by lack of a uniform classification. We used the EEG terminology proposed by the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society (ACNS) to assess interrater variability in a cohort of cardiac arrest patients included in the Target Temperature Management trial. The main objective was to evaluate if malignant EEG-patterns could reliably be identified. METHODS: Full-length EEGs from 103 comatose cardiac arrest patients were interpreted by four EEG-specialists with different nationalities who were blinded for patient outcome. Percent agreement and kappa (κ) for the categories in the ACNS EEG terminology and for prespecified malignant EEG-patterns were calculated. RESULTS: There was substantial interrater agreement (κ 0.71) for highly malignant patterns and moderate agreement (κ 0.42) for malignant patterns. Substantial agreement was found for malignant periodic or rhythmic patterns (κ 0.72) while agreement for identifying an unreactive EEG was fair (κ 0.26). CONCLUSIONS: The ACNS EEG terminology can be used to identify highly malignant EEG-patterns in post cardiac arrest patients in an international context with high reliability. SIGNIFICANCE: The establishment of strict criteria with high transferability between interpreters will increase the usefulness of routine EEG to assess neurological prognosis after cardiac arrest.

Standardized EEG interpretation accurately predicts prognosis after cardiac arrest.

OBJECTIVE: To identify reliable predictors of outcome in comatose patients after cardiac arrest using a single routine EEG and standardized interpretation according to the terminology proposed by the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society. METHODS: In this cohort study, 4 EEG specialists, blinded to outcome, evaluated prospectively recorded EEGs in the Target Temperature Management trial (TTM trial) that randomized patients to 33°C vs 36°C. Routine EEG was performed in patients still comatose after rewarming. EEGs were classified into highly malignant (suppression, suppression with periodic discharges, burst-suppression), malignant (periodic or rhythmic patterns, pathological or nonreactive background), and benign EEG (absence of malignant features). Poor outcome was defined as best Cerebral Performance Category score 3-5 until 180 days. RESULTS: Eight TTM sites randomized 202 patients. EEGs were recorded in 103 patients at a median 77 hours after cardiac arrest; 37% had a highly malignant EEG and all had a poor outcome (specificity 100%, sensitivity 50%). Any malignant EEG feature had a low specificity to predict poor prognosis (48%) but if 2 malignant EEG features were present specificity increased to 96% (p < 0.001). Specificity and sensitivity were not significantly affected by targeted temperature or sedation. A benign EEG was found in 1% of the patients with a poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Highly malignant EEG after rewarming reliably predicted poor outcome in half of patients without false predictions. An isolated finding of a single malignant feature did not predict poor outcome whereas a benign EEG was highly predictive of a good outcome.

Characterization of constituents, quality and stability of pomegranate seed oil (Punica granatum L.)

Abstract This study aimed to characterize pomegranate seed oil and evaluate its quality and stability parameters against those of linseed oil. The profile of fatty acids and phytosterols and the content of tocopherols were analyzed by gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The quality of both oils was assessed as recommended by the American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS) and stability was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene bleaching (coupled oxidation of β-carotene/linoleic acid) and Rancimat® assays. While α-linolenic acid (52%) was the most abundant fatty acid in linseed oil (LO), punicic acid (55%) was highest in pomegranate seed oil (PSO). Tocopherols and phytosterols (175 and 539 mg/100 g, respectively) were greater in PSO than in LO (51 and 328 mg/100 g, respectively). Both oils met quality standards. The β-carotene bleaching and the DPPH assays showed greater oxidative stability for PSO than for LO. The Rancimat® method, on the other hand, indicated low stability for both oils.

Chinois 7476-7484

Contient : I創世歴代傳Zhuan shi li dai zhuan ; II出以至比多地傳Chu yi zhi bi duo di zhuan ; III利未氐古傳書（alias 書傳）Li wei di gu chuan shu (alias shu zhuan) ; IV算民數書傳 ; V複講法律傳Fou jiang fa lü zhuan ; VI若書亞之傳Ruo shu ya zhi zhuan ; VII審司書傳Shen si shu zhuan ; VIII路得氏傳書Lu de shi chuan shu ; IX撒母以勒書Sa mu yi le shu ; X列王書傳Lie wang shu zhuan ; XI歷代史紀書傳Li dai shi ji shu zhuan ; XII以士拉傳書Yi shi la chuan shu ; XIII尼希米亞之書Ni xi mi ya zhi shu ; XIV以士得耳之書Yi shi de er zhi shu ; XV若百之書Ruo bo zhi shu ; XVI神詩書Shen shi shu ; XVII諺語傳書Yan yu chuan shu ; XVIII宣道傳Xuan dao zhuan ; alias : 倚基理西亞書Yi ji li xi ya shu ; XIX所羅門之歌Suo luo men zhi ge ; XX先知以賽亞書Xian zhi yi sai ya shu ; XXI先知耶利米亞書Xian zhi ye li mi ya shu ; alias : 達未來者耶利米亞傳書Da wei lai zhe ye li mi ya chuan shu ; XXII耶利米亞悲難歌Ye li mi ya bei tan ge ; XXIII先知依西其理書Xian zhi yi xi qi li shu ; XXIV先知（alias 達未來者）但依理書Xian zhi (alias Da wei lai zhe) dan yi li shu ; XXV十二先知者之傳書。何西亞之書Shi er xian zhi zhe zhi chuan shu. He xi ya zhi shu ; XXVI若以利之書Ruo yi li zhi shu ; XXVII亞麼士書Ya mo shi shu ; XXVIII阿巴氐亞書E ba di ya shu ; XXIX若拿傳書Ruo na chuan shu ; XXX米加傳書Mi jia chuan shu ; XXXI拿戶馬傳書Na hu ma chuan shu ; XXXII夏巴古傳書Xia ba gu chuan shu ; XXXIII洗法尼亞傳書Xi fa ni ya chuan shu ; XXXIV夏哀傳書Xia ai chuan shu ; XXXV洗革利亞傳書Xi ke li ya chuan shu ; XXXVI達未來者馬拉其傳書Da wei lai zhe ma la qi chuan shu ; XXXVII救世我主耶穌新遺詔書。聖馬竇傳福音書Jiu shi wo zhu ye su xin yi zhao shu. Sheng ma dou chuan fu yin shu ; XXXVIII聖馬耳可傳福音書Sheng ma er ke chuan fu yin shu ; XXXIX聖路加傳福音書Sheng lu jia chuan fu yin shu ; XL聖若翰傳福音之書Sheng ruo han chuan fu yin zhi shu ; XLI使徒行傳Shi tu xing zhuan ; XLII聖保羅使徒書Sheng bao luo shi tu shu ; XLIII者米士或稱牙可百之公書Zhe mi shi huo cheng ya ke bai zhi gong shu ; XLIV聖彼多羅之公書Sheng bi duo luo zhi gong shu ; XLV聖若翰之書Sheng ruo han zhi shu ; XLVI聖如大或稱如大士之公書Sheng ru da huo cheng ru da shi zhi gong shu ; XLVII聖若翰現示之書Sheng ruo han xian shi zhi shu

Chinois 7476-7484

Contient : I創世歴代傳Zhuan shi li dai zhuan ; II出以至比多地傳Chu yi zhi bi duo di zhuan ; III利未氐古傳書（alias 書傳）Li wei di gu chuan shu (alias shu zhuan) ; IV算民數書傳 ; V複講法律傳Fou jiang fa lü zhuan ; VI若書亞之傳Ruo shu ya zhi zhuan ; VII審司書傳Shen si shu zhuan ; VIII路得氏傳書Lu de shi chuan shu ; IX撒母以勒書Sa mu yi le shu ; X列王書傳Lie wang shu zhuan ; XI歷代史紀書傳Li dai shi ji shu zhuan ; XII以士拉傳書Yi shi la chuan shu ; XIII尼希米亞之書Ni xi mi ya zhi shu ; XIV以士得耳之書Yi shi de er zhi shu ; XV若百之書Ruo bo zhi shu ; XVI神詩書Shen shi shu ; XVII諺語傳書Yan yu chuan shu ; XVIII宣道傳Xuan dao zhuan ; alias : 倚基理西亞書Yi ji li xi ya shu ; XIX所羅門之歌Suo luo men zhi ge ; XX先知以賽亞書Xian zhi yi sai ya shu ; XXI先知耶利米亞書Xian zhi ye li mi ya shu ; alias : 達未來者耶利米亞傳書Da wei lai zhe ye li mi ya chuan shu ; XXII耶利米亞悲難歌Ye li mi ya bei tan ge ; XXIII先知依西其理書Xian zhi yi xi qi li shu ; XXIV先知（alias 達未來者）但依理書Xian zhi (alias Da wei lai zhe) dan yi li shu ; XXV十二先知者之傳書。何西亞之書Shi er xian zhi zhe zhi chuan shu. He xi ya zhi shu ; XXVI若以利之書Ruo yi li zhi shu ; XXVII亞麼士書Ya mo shi shu ; XXVIII阿巴氐亞書E ba di ya shu ; XXIX若拿傳書Ruo na chuan shu ; XXX米加傳書Mi jia chuan shu ; XXXI拿戶馬傳書Na hu ma chuan shu ; XXXII夏巴古傳書Xia ba gu chuan shu ; XXXIII洗法尼亞傳書Xi fa ni ya chuan shu ; XXXIV夏哀傳書Xia ai chuan shu ; XXXV洗革利亞傳書Xi ke li ya chuan shu ; XXXVI達未來者馬拉其傳書Da wei lai zhe ma la qi chuan shu ; XXXVII救世我主耶穌新遺詔書。聖馬竇傳福音書Jiu shi wo zhu ye su xin yi zhao shu. Sheng ma dou chuan fu yin shu ; XXXVIII聖馬耳可傳福音書Sheng ma er ke chuan fu yin shu ; XXXIX聖路加傳福音書Sheng lu jia chuan fu yin shu ; XL聖若翰傳福音之書Sheng ruo han chuan fu yin zhi shu ; XLI使徒行傳Shi tu xing zhuan ; XLII聖保羅使徒書Sheng bao luo shi tu shu ; XLIII者米士或稱牙可百之公書Zhe mi shi huo cheng ya ke bai zhi gong shu ; XLIV聖彼多羅之公書Sheng bi duo luo zhi gong shu ; XLV聖若翰之書Sheng ruo han zhi shu ; XLVI聖如大或稱如大士之公書Sheng ru da huo cheng ru da shi zhi gong shu ; XLVII聖若翰現示之書Sheng ruo han xian shi zhi shu

Chinois 7476-7484

Contient : I創世歴代傳Zhuan shi li dai zhuan ; II出以至比多地傳Chu yi zhi bi duo di zhuan ; III利未氐古傳書（alias 書傳）Li wei di gu chuan shu (alias shu zhuan) ; IV算民數書傳 ; V複講法律傳Fou jiang fa lü zhuan ; VI若書亞之傳Ruo shu ya zhi zhuan ; VII審司書傳Shen si shu zhuan ; VIII路得氏傳書Lu de shi chuan shu ; IX撒母以勒書Sa mu yi le shu ; X列王書傳Lie wang shu zhuan ; XI歷代史紀書傳Li dai shi ji shu zhuan ; XII以士拉傳書Yi shi la chuan shu ; XIII尼希米亞之書Ni xi mi ya zhi shu ; XIV以士得耳之書Yi shi de er zhi shu ; XV若百之書Ruo bo zhi shu ; XVI神詩書Shen shi shu ; XVII諺語傳書Yan yu chuan shu ; XVIII宣道傳Xuan dao zhuan ; alias : 倚基理西亞書Yi ji li xi ya shu ; XIX所羅門之歌Suo luo men zhi ge ; XX先知以賽亞書Xian zhi yi sai ya shu ; XXI先知耶利米亞書Xian zhi ye li mi ya shu ; alias : 達未來者耶利米亞傳書Da wei lai zhe ye li mi ya chuan shu ; XXII耶利米亞悲難歌Ye li mi ya bei tan ge ; XXIII先知依西其理書Xian zhi yi xi qi li shu ; XXIV先知（alias 達未來者）但依理書Xian zhi (alias Da wei lai zhe) dan yi li shu ; XXV十二先知者之傳書。何西亞之書Shi er xian zhi zhe zhi chuan shu. He xi ya zhi shu ; XXVI若以利之書Ruo yi li zhi shu ; XXVII亞麼士書Ya mo shi shu ; XXVIII阿巴氐亞書E ba di ya shu ; XXIX若拿傳書Ruo na chuan shu ; XXX米加傳書Mi jia chuan shu ; XXXI拿戶馬傳書Na hu ma chuan shu ; XXXII夏巴古傳書Xia ba gu chuan shu ; XXXIII洗法尼亞傳書Xi fa ni ya chuan shu ; XXXIV夏哀傳書Xia ai chuan shu ; XXXV洗革利亞傳書Xi ke li ya chuan shu ; XXXVI達未來者馬拉其傳書Da wei lai zhe ma la qi chuan shu ; XXXVII救世我主耶穌新遺詔書。聖馬竇傳福音書Jiu shi wo zhu ye su xin yi zhao shu. Sheng ma dou chuan fu yin shu ; XXXVIII聖馬耳可傳福音書Sheng ma er ke chuan fu yin shu ; XXXIX聖路加傳福音書Sheng lu jia chuan fu yin shu ; XL聖若翰傳福音之書Sheng ruo han chuan fu yin zhi shu ; XLI使徒行傳Shi tu xing zhuan ; XLII聖保羅使徒書Sheng bao luo shi tu shu ; XLIII者米士或稱牙可百之公書Zhe mi shi huo cheng ya ke bai zhi gong shu ; XLIV聖彼多羅之公書Sheng bi duo luo zhi gong shu ; XLV聖若翰之書Sheng ruo han zhi shu ; XLVI聖如大或稱如大士之公書Sheng ru da huo cheng ru da shi zhi gong shu ; XLVII聖若翰現示之書Sheng ruo han xian shi zhi shu

Chinois 7476-7484

Contient : I創世歴代傳Zhuan shi li dai zhuan ; II出以至比多地傳Chu yi zhi bi duo di zhuan ; III利未氐古傳書（alias 書傳）Li wei di gu chuan shu (alias shu zhuan) ; IV算民數書傳 ; V複講法律傳Fou jiang fa lü zhuan ; VI若書亞之傳Ruo shu ya zhi zhuan ; VII審司書傳Shen si shu zhuan ; VIII路得氏傳書Lu de shi chuan shu ; IX撒母以勒書Sa mu yi le shu ; X列王書傳Lie wang shu zhuan ; XI歷代史紀書傳Li dai shi ji shu zhuan ; XII以士拉傳書Yi shi la chuan shu ; XIII尼希米亞之書Ni xi mi ya zhi shu ; XIV以士得耳之書Yi shi de er zhi shu ; XV若百之書Ruo bo zhi shu ; XVI神詩書Shen shi shu ; XVII諺語傳書Yan yu chuan shu ; XVIII宣道傳Xuan dao zhuan ; alias : 倚基理西亞書Yi ji li xi ya shu ; XIX所羅門之歌Suo luo men zhi ge ; XX先知以賽亞書Xian zhi yi sai ya shu ; XXI先知耶利米亞書Xian zhi ye li mi ya shu ; alias : 達未來者耶利米亞傳書Da wei lai zhe ye li mi ya chuan shu ; XXII耶利米亞悲難歌Ye li mi ya bei tan ge ; XXIII先知依西其理書Xian zhi yi xi qi li shu ; XXIV先知（alias 達未來者）但依理書Xian zhi (alias Da wei lai zhe) dan yi li shu ; XXV十二先知者之傳書。何西亞之書Shi er xian zhi zhe zhi chuan shu. He xi ya zhi shu ; XXVI若以利之書Ruo yi li zhi shu ; XXVII亞麼士書Ya mo shi shu ; XXVIII阿巴氐亞書E ba di ya shu ; XXIX若拿傳書Ruo na chuan shu ; XXX米加傳書Mi jia chuan shu ; XXXI拿戶馬傳書Na hu ma chuan shu ; XXXII夏巴古傳書Xia ba gu chuan shu ; XXXIII洗法尼亞傳書Xi fa ni ya chuan shu ; XXXIV夏哀傳書Xia ai chuan shu ; XXXV洗革利亞傳書Xi ke li ya chuan shu ; XXXVI達未來者馬拉其傳書Da wei lai zhe ma la qi chuan shu ; XXXVII救世我主耶穌新遺詔書。聖馬竇傳福音書Jiu shi wo zhu ye su xin yi zhao shu. Sheng ma dou chuan fu yin shu ; XXXVIII聖馬耳可傳福音書Sheng ma er ke chuan fu yin shu ; XXXIX聖路加傳福音書Sheng lu jia chuan fu yin shu ; XL聖若翰傳福音之書Sheng ruo han chuan fu yin zhi shu ; XLI使徒行傳Shi tu xing zhuan ; XLII聖保羅使徒書Sheng bao luo shi tu shu ; XLIII者米士或稱牙可百之公書Zhe mi shi huo cheng ya ke bai zhi gong shu ; XLIV聖彼多羅之公書Sheng bi duo luo zhi gong shu ; XLV聖若翰之書Sheng ruo han zhi shu ; XLVI聖如大或稱如大士之公書Sheng ru da huo cheng ru da shi zhi gong shu ; XLVII聖若翰現示之書Sheng ruo han xian shi zhi shu