Alunos com necessidades educativas especiais: estudo exploratório sobre a inclusão no ensino superior

A temática da inclusão envolve muitas dúvidas e ambiguidades. Embora os alunos com NEE tenham o direito a uma educação de qualidade, muitas hesitações emergem, podendo acarretar uma educação mais pobre e desestruturada. Ao longo desta dissertação pretendemos investigar de que forma esta inclusão se dá ao nível do ensino superior, envolvendo uma componente mais teórica e outra mais metodológica. Na componente teórica abordamos os diferentes movimentos de inclusão que nos conduziram à situação que se vive atualmente. Focamos as políticas educativas nos diferentes níveis de ensino: básico, secundário e superior, aprofundando este último nível ao continente europeu e americano, com o propósito de nos inteirarmos da situação da educação inclusiva noutros países. Destacamos a inclusão superior em Portugal, analisando o papel da escola e do professor, enquanto agentes educativos e de socialização. Na componente metodológica, de acordo com o nosso principal objetivo, começamos por definir a amostra, identificamos os instrumentos utilizados para análise e descrevemos todo o procedimento inerente à realização do estudo. Desta forma, tomámos um grupo constituído por 13 alunos, com uma idade média de 22,5 anos, no momento de ingresso, numa universidade pública portuguesa. As idades atuais dos participantes oscilam entre os 19 e os 44 anos, apresentando uma média de idades de 23,9. Este grupo de alunos, participantes, resulta dos requisitos definidos aquando da seleção, ou seja, alunos que tivessem ingressado no ensino superior nos últimos 5 anos, abrangidos pelo contingente especial para portadores de deficiência. As técnicas utilizadas na recolha de dados adquiriram um caráter misto, constituídas por uma entrevista semiestruturada e pelo Questionário de Vivências Académicas - reduzido, QVA-r (Almeida, Ferreira, & Soares, 2001). Os dados foram, posteriormente, cruzados e analisados. Terminamos com algumas conclusões, algumas limitações encontradas durante a realização da investigação, e indicando algumas linhas mentoras para investigações vindouras.

Inclusão de alunos com necessidades educativas especiais no Ensino Superior: estudo exploratório sobre as perceções dos docentes

O número de estudantes com necessidades educativas especiais no ensino superior tem aumentado gradualmente nas últimas duas décadas, devido à implementação de medidas políticas e sociais de acesso e democratização que promovem a inclusão educativa nesse nível de ensino. Este panorama exige que a universidade e, consequentemente, os docentes do ensino superior reflitam sobre o papel que desempenham na adaptação do sistema educativo às necessidades dos estudantes, visando a sua progressão académica. Com esta investigação pretende-se conhecer as perceções que os docentes do ensino superior têm a respeito da inclusão de estudantes com necessidades educativas especiais, uma vez que, essas perceções exercem uma influência importante sobre as medidas educativas e estratégias pedagógicas adotadas pelos docentes e, em consequência, sobre a progressão destes estudantes neste nível de ensino. Para a concretização da investigação, recorreu-se a uma entrevista semiestruturada e a uma análise qualitativa denominada grounded theory com o objetivo de encontrar os temas e as categorias principais a respeito do tema em estudo, nomeadamente das perceções dos docentes acerca da inclusão de estudantes com necessidades educativas especiais no ensino superior. O estudo conta com a participação de 10 docentes com habilitações académicas nas várias áreas do conhecimento e que exercem funções como diretores de curso do 1º ciclo de estudos universitários. Da análise realizada podemos concluir que alguns docentes parecem associar a inclusão no ensino superior a processos de estigmatização, o que poderá ser reflexo da atitude social. Ao lecionar a turmas com estudantes com necessidades educativas especiais, alguns docentes mostram-se inseguros em relação ao futuro profissional do estudante, questionando, se após a formação, ele será capaz de desempenhar eficazmente as suas funções profissionais. Por outro lado, alguns docentes consideram o processo de inclusão como um desafio pedagógico, pois é necessário aprender a gerir as práticas pedagógicas e as características individuais de cada estudante de forma a responder de forma eficaz. Por fim, em relação ao aspeto comportamental das atitudes dos docentes, os docentes que lecionam a turmas com estudantes com necessidades educativas especiais parecem adotar dois comportamentos distintos: adequar medidas educativas e estratégias pedagógicas de acordo com a necessidade do estudante ou não realizar quaisquer adequações. A adequação está associada à implementação das medidas previstas no regulamento interno da instituição e de outras que advêm da pesquisa autodidata dos docentes e pode traduzir-se também na articulação ou encaminhamento para outros técnicos. Esta atitude inclusiva manifestada pela maioria dos docentes denota alguma sensibilidade em relação a esta temática manifestada através do investimento pessoal em tempo e recursos. No que se refere aos docentes que não realizam qualquer adequação das medidas educativas, estes podem ser motivados por fatores como o desconhecimento da existência de um estudante com necessidades educativas especiais, a perceção de inexistência de recursos de apoio disponíveis na instituição e a ideologia educativa partilhada pelo docente. Assim, uma mudança de atitude a partir de um modelo de integração ou até de segregação para um paradigma mais inclusivo implica a mobilização dos vários agentes educativos, nomeadamente a instituição na disponibilização de recursos, o estudante na sinalização da sua necessidade educativa especial e o docente na realização de formação pedagógica visando uma mudança de ideologia educativa.

Democratização do acesso ao ensino superior: os cursos de graduação à distância na UFRN

This thesis pursuits to contextualize the theoretical debate between the implementation of public education policy of the Federal Government focused in a distance learning and legal foundations for its enforcement, in order to raise questions and comments on the topic in question. Its importance is back to provide scientific input and can offer to the academy, particularly in the UFRN, and elements of society to question and rethink the complex relationship between the socio-economic and geographic access to higher education. It consists of a descriptive study on the institutionalization of distance education in UFRN as a mechanism for expanding access to higher education, for both, the research seeks to understand if the distance undergraduate courses offered by the UAB system and implemented at UFRN, promote expanding access to higher education, as it is during implementation that the rules, routines and social processes are converted from intentions to action. The discussion of this study lasted between two opposing views of Implementation models: Top-down and Bottom-up. It is worth noting that the documents PNE, PDE and programs and UAB MEETING reflect positively in improving the educational level of the population of the country It is a qualitative study, using the means Bibliographic, Document and Field Study, where they were performed 04 (four) in 2010 interviews with the management framework SEDIS / UAB in UFRN. The data were analyzed and addressed through techniques: Document Analysis and Content Analysis. The results show that the process of implementation of distance education at UFRN is in progress. According to our results, the research objective is achieved, but there was a need to rethink the conditions of the infrastructure of poles, the structure of the academic calendar, the management of the SEDIS UFRN, regarding the expansion of existing vacancies and the supply of new courses by the need for a redesign as the Secretariat's ability to hold the offerings of undergraduate courses offered by the Federal Government to be implemented in the institution. It was also found that levels of evasion still presents a challenge to the teaching model. Given the context, we concluded that the greatest contribution of UAB and consequently UFRN by distance learning for undergraduate courses (Bachelor in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Geography and Biological Sciences, beyond the bachelor's degrees in Business and Public Administration ) is related to increasing the number of vacancies and accessibility of a population that was previously deprived of access to university

Avaliação da capacidade para o trabalho do servidor público: um estudo de caso em uma instituição federal de ensino superior

The ability to work, considered as resulting from a dynamic process between the individual resources in relation to their work, influenced from various factors such as sociodemographic, lifestyle, aging process and requirements of work. Aiming analyze the ability to work in a population of public servants, the study analyzed 132 public servants volunteers of the infrastructure sector, in a Federal Institution of Higher Education of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast, Brazil. Data were collected through a questionnaire called the Index of Capacity for Work - ICT. The variable analysis was done by using descriptive statistics of means, standard deviations, median minimum and maximum values of the scores of quantitative variables. The joint analysis of the variables was performed by multiple linear regression. The server had low capacity to work 11 (8.33%), moderate 31 (23.48%), good 54 (40.91), and Great 28 (21.21). Multiple regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, education, age started to work, length of service, current capacity and full of disease, showed that best explained the variation of the CTI were age, current capacity and full of disease. The survey showed that 75% of the servers showed ICT below 43, so capacity low, moderate or good and only 25% of respondents had the CTI servers over 43 points, so great capacity for work. According to the recommendations of FIOH - Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, for servers that have these scores be implemented whose objective is to restore the ability to work which is low, improving the capacity for moderate work, support the capacity for the good work and maintain the ability to work great. Therefore, we recommend that the ICT is implemented in other units of the IFES survey in the perspective of achieving a real situation of all its servers, enabling the implementation of these measures as necessary to promote recovery and health of its employees.

Cidadania ambiental em centros urbanos : um estudo com estudantes do ensino superior

This work presents a study of the ambient management in urban centers, considering the ambient perception as element necessary to develop in the population the conscience of the necessity to preserve the environment. For this, the attitudes and behaviors of the community, represented for students of an Institution had been evaluated, so that strategies and actions are traced that come to minimize the ambient degradation and to provide an aggregate sustainable development to the economic development. The objective of this research consists of studying the problematic one of the ambient management in urban centers under the point of view of the awareness, of the ambient perception and of the participation of the population, this because the ambient questions are inserted in the aspects that involve the practical life and the daily one, for what becomes excellent to understand that the environment is a right of all, therefore, must be preserved. The methodology used in this work constitutes in the application of a questionnaire with scales of the type likert contends variables that compose the acts and mannering aspects, beyond a partner-demographic scale. The Chi-square method was used in the analysis statistics de Pearson to verify the dependence of the associations between the partner-demographic 0 variable and the acts and mannering variables. The results point that the academic environment is opportune to deal with the subject, in view of that the ambient preservation goes for all the contents, and that the pupils of today will be able, in the future, in its areas of performance to plan action to safeguard the sustainable development. One concludes that the strategies to manage the environment pass for the awareness of the citizen, therefore when it is educated its attitudes will be more responsible, a time that the ambient concern will be present in its day-by-day. Therefore, the Public Power when planning programs of ambient preservation that comes to promote changes of habits of the population, such as: management of the solid residues generated by the population, recycling, programs of selective collections, ambient education, etc. the local community for the success of its actions will have to be involved

Balanced Scorecard como ferramenta de avaliação da consistência estratégica: um estudo em instituição de ensino superior privada

This Master of Science Thesis investigates in an exploratory modeling the idea of strategy consistency applying as an assessment tool a model of performance indicators of a higher education institution based on the balanced scorecard (BSC). It is carried on a review of conceptual BSC perspective hierarchy models and of studies on higher education institution in Brazil and worldwide. From a BSC model with three indicators at each perspective is carried on a case study with directors and coordinators of a private higher education institution with a descriptive and multivariate analysis using cluster analysis. The main findings point to a different perception of respondents on the importance level of the perspectives with a higher importance level given to Learning and Growth and Process that to Customer and Financial. Particularly, the financial perspective got a importance level significantly lower that the others, what suggests an inconsistency on the strategy deployment on the institution considered in terms of the perception of the managerial levels of the importance level of the perspectives

Estudo ergonômico do posto de atividade discente em instituição de ensino superior

This research carried through an ergonomic study of the rank of learning activity of a IES, was applied a questionnaire with ergonomic pointers structuralized in scale to intervalar of semantic differential of 0 the 10, in 290 pupils with ages between 18 and 52 years distributed for 5 courses in 9 classrooms, the sample was of the simple random probabilist type. The used statistical techniques had been the descriptive analysis and the analysis of clusters through statistica software 5,0 considering p £ 0,0500. Involving the following 0 variable: Layout; Colors; Acoustics; Illumination; Temperature; Position; Didactic furniture, and Equipment. The gotten results point to consider that the layout of the rooms, the perception of acoustic comfort, the position of the pupils and the furniture of the searched classrooms had been the condicionantes that had been more distinguished negative how much to the perception of comfort of the user. The the 91,5 NPS varied of 57,9 dB(A) values above of recommended for classrooms in accordance with NBR 10152; NR 15; NR 17; It would carry nº 3214/1978, of the Ministry of the Work and searched literature. The Illumination registered interval of 139 the 966 Lux, values are of the limits of interval recommended for classrooms according to NBR 5413 and NR 17. The thermal temperature registered interval of 24° 25,9ºC; URA 41,6 79.1% and the 0.1 air speed 1,0 m/s, values above of recommended for classrooms according to NBR the 6401 and NR 17. The research still suggests that it would have associations between pains in the body the positions of the pupils and the furniture of the classrooms. The results suggest research especially add for the conditions thermal and acoustics of the classrooms

Uma modelagem de indicadores de desempenho para instituições de ensino superior no Brasil na abordagem do balanced scorecard: um estudo com instituições privadas

This Master of Science Thesis deals with a BSC modeling for higher education institution focusing on private institution in the Brazilian context. It‟s accomplished a literature review in order to understand the BSC and its application to for profit and non for profit organizations and as a main result it is proposed a BSC conceptual model with a new perspective (Government) and a change in the hierarchy of the main BSC perspective equaling financial to customer/society. Taking the national higher education assessment system of Education Ministry indicators a model is deployed and the relations between the indicators are measured with the Pearson correlation coefficient. As a result a model emerges with sound relations of indicators but a improvement in the financial indicators is needed