High productivity and upwelling in the California Current during Oxygen-Isotope Stage 3: diatom evidence

Evidence for vigorous coastal upwelling and enhanced diatom productivity during the latter part of Oxygen-Isotope Stage 3 (OIS-3) is suggested by changes in diatom assemblages in laminated sediment from the northern California margin and in bioturbated and laminated sediment from Santa Barbara Basin. These conditions require strong along-shore or off-shore wind stress off California preceding the onset of global glacial conditions.

Variability in a radiolarian time series and its relationship to climate

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): Recently, paleoceanographers have been challenged to produce reliable proxies of climate variables that can be incorporated into climate models. In developing proxies using time series of annual radiolarian species fluxes from Santa Barbara Basin, we identify groups of species associated with years of extreme sea surface temperatures and sea level heights.

Evidence for changes in large-scale upwelling in the California Current over the past 700 years [abstract]

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): Bidecadal radiocarbon measurements on tree rings provide a detailed series of carbon-14 activities at isotopic equilibrium with atmospheric carbon dioxide. ... Most marine environments do not permit development of a comparable series of carbon-14 ages with which to compare the terrestrial tree ring series. However, we have recently begun work on such a series using material from the varved sediments of the Santa Barbara Basin off southern California. ... We now have a nearly continuous record of carbon-14 dates representing the age of the water over the upper 100 meters. ... The ocean reservoir ages show an increase prior to 1450 and a progressive decrease with time after 1450. Although there may be other explanations, we believe this trend is principally the result of changes in large-scale upwelling of water from below 500 meters. These changes were probably also associated with changes in the intensity of the California Current.

Integrating varve and tree-ring time series for southern California climate reconstruction: a 20th century outlook [abstract]

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): Our objective is to combine terrestrial and oceanic records for reconstructing West Coast climate. Tree rings and marine laminated sediments provide high-resolution, accurately dated proxy data on the variability of climate and on the productivity of the ocean and have been used to reconstruct precipitation, temperature, sea level pressure, primary productivity, and other large-scale parameters. We present here the latest Santa Barbara basin varve chronology for the twentieth century as well as a newly developed tree-ring chronology for Torrey pine.

The near-AD 1600 multi-proxy puzzle

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): A varve chronology with annual resolution (AD 1117-1992) has been developed recently for Santa Barbara Basin. Varve thickness and water content show an exponential trend consistent with expected patterns in the presence of sediment compaction over time. Annual varve thickness was decomposed into orthogonal components using singular spectrum analysis (SSA) to identify and retrieve inter-decadal oscillations. ... This suggests a connection with global-scale decadal cycles identified in the subtropical Pacific gyre circulation and, possibly, with solar-driven phenomena. The near-1600 AD event coincides with (a) a similarly sudden change of state in nearby Santa Monica Basin that triggered the onset of anoxic conditions and the preservation of laminated sediments, (b) an extreme drought over the American Southwest, (c) a transformation of the age structure in a number of forest populations throughout Arizona and New Mexico. Total organic carbon burial flux in Santa Barbara Basin varves also shows a marked change after AD 1600. A possible climatic link is proposed that involves pathways for moisture transport in the Southwest at decadal and longer time scales.

The direct electrochemistry behavior of Cyt c on the modified glassy carbon electrode by SBA-15 with a high-redox potential

It is discovered that SBA-15 (santa barbara amorphous) can provide the favorable microenvironments and optimal direct electron-transfer tunnels (DETT) of immobilizing cytochrome c (Cyt c) by the preferred orientation on it. A high-redox potential (254 mV vs. Ag/AgCl) was obtained on glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified by immobilizing Cyt c on rod-like SBA-15. With ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), circular dichroism (CD), FTIR and cyclic voltammetry, it was demonstrated that immobilization made Cyt c exhibits stable and ideal electrochemical characteristics while the biological activity of immobilized Cyt c is retained as usual.

Women in the West

Padget, Martin, 'Women in the West', In: 'The Making of the American West: People and Perspectives', (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio), pp.239-258, 2007 RAE2008

Aproveitamento de águas pluviais para rega

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização de Hidráulica

Horae ad usum romanum

F. 1-12v. Calendrier en français, à l’encre rouge et noire, où l’on remarque des formes dialectales picardes et plusieurs saints du Nord : « sainte Audegonde » (30 janvier) ; « le Candelier » (2 févr.) ; « ste Gertrude » (17 mars) ; « saint Quentin » (2 mai) ; « saint Ernoulx » [ep. Suessonensis] (16 août) ; « saint Bertin » (5 septembre) ; « saint Lambert » (17 septembre) ; « saint Franchois » (4 oct.) ; « saint Gillain » [mart. in Hannonia] (16 oct., Ghislain); « le jour st Estievene » (26 déc., rouge). Une deuxième main très cursive ajouté d’autres saints, dont « s. Amand » (6 févr.) ; « s. Waleri » (1er avril) ; « s. Fuscien » [mart. Ambianensis] (27 juin et 10 déc.) ; « s. Firmin » [mart. Ambianensis] (25 septembre) ; « s. Bavon » (1er oct.). F. 13v-17v. « ... hore sancte Crucis». F. 18v-22v. « ... hore de sancto Spiritu ».F. 23v-85. « ... hore beate marie virginis secundum usum romanum ». F. 86v-94v. Office de la Vierge, selon les temps de l’année. « ... officum beate Marie virginis quod dicitur per totum adventum ad vesperas ».F.95-115. « ... septem psalmi penitentiales cum suis litaniis et precibus ». A noter « ... sancte Lamberte... sancte Rumolde [ep. Mechlinensis]... sancte Fursee [ab. Latiniacensis] ... sancte Amande... sancte Vedaste, sancte Bavo... sancte Philiberte... santa Ursula... sancta Brigida... sancta Aldegondis, sancta Gertrudis... ».F.116v-152v. « ... vigilie mortuorum » office des morts à l’usage de Sarum-Normandie-Metz ; cf. K. Ottosen, Responsories..., p. 242 (116v-151). — « Octo versus beati Bernardi ». « Illumina oculos meos ne umquam obdormiam... » ; cf. Leroquais, Livres d’heures, I, XXX-XXXI (151-152v).F.153-158v. « Initium sancti evvangelii secundum Johannem... secundum Lucam... secundum Matheum... secundum Marcum ».F. 158v-166. Suffrages aux saints : « Memoria de santo Johanne Baptista... ; devota oratio... » ; — « ... de sancto Adriano » ; — « ... de sancto Sebastiano » ; — « ... de sancto Anthonio » ; — « ... de sancto Quintino » ; — « ... de sancto Nicholae » ; — « ... de sancto Andrea » ; — « ... de sancto Fiacro ».F.166v-174v. Prières à la Vierge. « ... devotissima oratio ad beatem virginem Mariam ». « O intemerata... O Johannes... » (éd. Wilmart, Auteurs spirituels, 488-490) (166v-169v). — « Alia oratio ad beatam virginem Mariam ». « Obsecro te.... » (éd. Leroquais, Livres d’heures, II, 346-347) (169v-174). Les deux prières sont rédigées à la forme masculine. — « Laus Marie virginis ». « Salve regina... » (Analecta Hymnica, L, 318-319, n° 245) (174-174v). F. 175-184v. Suffrages aux saintes : « ... de santa Barbara » ; — « ... de sancta Margareta » ; — « ... de sancta Katerina » ; — « ... de sancta Maria Magdelena » ; — « ... de sancta Appolonia » ; — « ... de sancta Venicie [Venice, forme dérivée de Véronique] » « Veni sponsa Christi... Versus. Diffusa est gratia... Oratio. Exaudi nos Deus ut sicut de beate Venicie festivitate gaudemus, ita pie devotionis erudiamur. Per.... » ; sur le culte de sainte Véronique/Venice, en particulier à Paris, voir Gr. A. RUNNALS, Le mystère de sainte Venice, Exeter, 1980 (Textes littéraires) (175-180v). — Prières diverses : « ... quinque gaudia de beata virgine Maria » « Gaude Virgo mater Christi... » (éd. Leroquais, Livres d’heures, I, XXVI-XXVII) (180v-182). — « Oratio devota ad Jesum Christum ». « Ave domine Jhesu Christe verbum patris » (éd. Wilmart, Auteurs spirituels, 412 [III]) (182-183). — « Oratio devota que dicitur ad elevationem Domini ». « Ave verum corpus Domini nostri... » (éd. Szövérffy, Die Annalen , II, 298-299) (183-184). — « Memore de saint Miquiel », en latin (184-184v).

Transformaciones discursivas en el proceso de securitización del narcotráfico. Un análisis de los actos discursivos oficiales de Colombia y Estados Unidos en la Guerra contra las drogas 1986 - 1990

El tema de las drogas suscita un debate entre quienes defienden la prohibición y la represión, y aquellos que defienden alternativas como la legalización y/o regulación y otras más moderadas como la descriminalización y la despenalización. Aunque ambas posturas muestran datos empíricos que las soportan, desde el ámbito discursivo la visión represiva se ha posicionado como la más aceptada en el continente americano, más específicamente, en Latinoamérica. El presente trabajo, hace un estudio de caso del proceso de securitización del narcotráfico entre los presidentes de Estados Unidos y Colombia durante el período 1986-1990. A lo largo del texto, se analizan discursos oficiales de los presidentes de ambos Estados, resaltando las estrategias retóricas y sus transformaciones que legitimaron acciones represivas de tipo político-militar contra las drogas. Al final se apunta a reivindicar el discurso como un instrumento para reproducir creencias sobre fenómenos, en este caso, la creencia de que las drogas son una amenaza existencial a la seguridad política y militar para los Estados.

Atmospheric downwelling longwave radiation at the surface during cloudless and overcast conditions. Measurements and modeling

Atmospheric downwelling longwave radiation is an important component of the terrestrial energy budget; since it is strongly related with the greenhouse effect, it remarkably affects the climate. In this study, I evaluate the estimation of the downwelling longwave irradiance at the terrestrial surface for cloudless and overcast conditions using a one-dimensional radiative transfer model (RTM), specifically the Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART). The calculations performed by using this model were compared with pyrgeometer measurements at three different European places: Girona (NE of the Iberian Peninsula), Payerne (in the East of Switzerland), and Heselbach (in the Black Forest, Germany). Several studies of sensitivity based on the radiative transfer model have shown that special attention on the input of temperature and water content profiles must be held for cloudless sky conditions; for overcast conditions, similar sensitivity studies have shown that, besides the atmospheric profiles, the cloud base height is very relevant, at least for optically thick clouds. Also, the estimation of DLR in places where radiosoundings are not available is explored, either by using the atmospheric profiles spatially interpolated from the gridded analysis data provided by European Centre of Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF), or by applying a real radiosounding of a nearby site. Calculations have been compared with measurements at all sites. During cloudless sky conditions, when radiosoundings were available, calculations show differences with measurements of -2.7 ± 3.4 Wm-2 (Payerne). While no in situ radiosoundings are available, differences between modeling and measurements were about 0.3 ± 9.4 Wm-2 (Girona). During overcast sky conditions, when in situ radiosoundings and cloud properties (derived from an algorithm that uses spectral infrared and microwave ground based measurements) were available (Black Forest), calculations show differences with measurements of -0.28 ± 2.52 Wm2. When using atmospheric profiles from the ECMWF and fixed values of liquid water path and droplet effective radius (Girona) calculations show differences with measurements of 4.0 ± 2.5 Wm2. For all analyzed sky conditions, it has been confirmed that estimations from radiative transfer modeling are remarkably better than those obtained by simple parameterizations of atmospheric emissivity.