Influência do carvão na alimentação das aves

Dois lotes de 50 pintos foram submetidos, durante 25 dias, ao mesmo regime, salvo que um (A) recebeu 5% de carvão na farelada e outro (B) não. No fim da experiência, a média de peso do lote A era 174,9 grs. e a do lote B, 262,2; a diferença é significativamente favorável ao lote B em relação ao peso, contudo a mortalidade foi maior (12%) no lote que não recebeu carvão. A aparência geral dos pintos do lote B era muito melhor. Os AA. concluem que o carvão não deve ser usado como alimento, provavelmente por absorver muitas subtâncias úteis à nutrição, possivelmente vitaminas e amino-ácidos, mas sim para os pintos que se atrazam no crescimento devido a perturbações do aparelho digestivo, como um medicamento. Esta última conclusão depende de ulterior comprovação, pois a maior mortalidade constatada no lote sem carvão pode ser devida ao acaso, simplesmente.

Comparação de Proteínas: alimentação das aves I

Beginning an experiment on protein comparisons, at the Poultry and Rabbitry Departament of the Esc. Sup. de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of S. Paulo, four groups of growing chicks were submitted during 40 days to the following rations: basal part - 50 corn meal and 30 wheat bran, variable part - R1 - 10 tankage and 10 peanut meal, R2 - 10 tankage and 10 cottonseed meal, R3 - 7 peanut meal, 7 cocoanut meal and 7 cottonseed meal, R4 - 5 tankage, 5 peanut, 5 cocoanut and 5 cottenseed meal, R2 and R3 gave results which may be considered as equal and inferior than those obtained with the others, R4 being the best one. The statistical analises showed no significant differences.

A couve flor na alimentação da galinha: influência sôbre a postura

Os autores realizaram uma pesquisa afim de verificar o conceito de que a couve-flor exerce um papel deprimente sobre a postura das galinhas. Para isso organizaram 20 grupos de 10 aves cada, onze dos quais da raça Rhode Island Red e 9 da Light Sussex. Desses grupos, 7 ocupavam parques gramados e os restantes parques sem grama. As aves permaneceram por 10 dias sob o regime verde de couve-flor. Houve dificuldade na análise dos resultados devido a diferenças genéticas entre as duas raças utilizadas. Das conclusões parciais constantes do texto deste trabalho, parece que a couve-flor exerce um efeito deprimente sôbre a postura, mas essa crença não chega a ser confirmada clarament na análise estatística dos dados obtidos. A conclusão final a que os AA. chegaram é que, se existe um efeito nocivo do suprimento de couve-flor, nas aves em postura, êsse efeito não chegaria a ser economicamente prejudicial, em vista do fato da couve-flor, sob a forma de folhas externas, refugo. só ser fornecida às aves, esporadicamente, durante períodos relativamente curtos, que correspondem aos da colheita das "cabeças" para serem entregues ao mercado, e, como demonstra a experiência, o suprimento por poucos dias não chega a prejudicar notavelmente a postura.

Os pigmentos amarelo-laranja do grão de milho como precursores da vitamina a na alimentação dos pintos

A presente experiência foi realizada afim de se constatar a influência de dois tipos de milho comerciais, com grãos coloridos de amarelo-laranja, como precursores de vitamina A no crescimento de pintos. Um deles, denominado "Cateto", duro, de côr laranja muito forte e outro, chamado "Armour", dente, de coloração amarelo-laranja. Para testemunha foi empregado o milho "Cristal", duro e branco. Uma análise dos pigmentos dos dois tipos de milho com gráos coloridos mostrou que o milho Cateto, com grãos de coloração laranja forte, tem aproximadamente o dobro de pigmentos, tanto total como quanto a parte ativa em relação à vitamina A, quando comparado com o milho dente amarelo-laranja. Três lotes de pintos de 3 semanas foram utilizados, cada um recebendo a mesma ração onde variava somente o tipo de milho. Nas três primeiras semanas os três lotes reagiram bem, sem quaisquer diferenças apreciáveis. Após a terceira semana, o lote que recebeu milho branco apresentou uma queda sensível de peso dos pintos, os quais apresentaram todos os sinais de avitaminose A. Os outros dois lotes que receberam ração contendo milho de grãos coloridos não apresentaram sinal de avitaminose A. Os resultados obtidos indicam assim que a) o milho "Armour", dente, de grãos amarelo-laranja, embora possua, em relação ao milho "Cateto", duro, de grãos coloridos de laranja forte, cerca da metade da quantidade de pigmentos ativos em relação a formação de vitamina A no organismo animal, é capaz de prevenir a avitaminose, quando empregado em cerca de 70% da ração, b) que a ração contendo o milho "Cristal", duro, de grãos brancos, é deficiente, produzindo uma acentuada avitaminose A, que deverá ser corrigida, na falta de milho de grãos amarelo-laranja, por alimento verde ou outro alimento fornecedor dessa vitamina e c) que sendo o milho "Cateto", mais caro de Cr.$2,00 a 8,00 por saco de 60 quilos, há vantagem econômica no emprego do milho tipo "Armour" na constituição das misturas para aves.

A influência da alimentação verde na postura

A test was conducted at Poultry Department of "Luiz de Queiroz" School of Agriculture to prove the effect of green feed on egg production. One hundred Rhode Island Red hens at plain laying period were divided in ten pens. The lot A was constituted of pens 1 to 5 and the lot B of pens 6 to 10. During 16 days the pens 1 to 5 did not receive green feed and the pens 6 to 10 received it with abundance. After and for a period of 30 days the situation was inverted. The analysis were made considering, a) the production of all chickens and b) discarding the chickens with irregular laying. In both cases the results were statistically insignificant, proving that green feed did not improve egg production.

Alimentação dos marrecos II: ração de marrecas para postura - Ração balanceada x Ração grosseira, barata

The author studied in this paper the substitution of a balanced ratio for an economic ratio composed of 50% of sugar beet and 50% of balanced ratio, in feeding ducks egg production. It was found that the combination had no advantage since the production of eggs was very much reduced.

Alimentação dos marrecos: III sôro de leite (Líquido)

The author studied in this paper the influence of liquid whey in feeding Pekin ducklings. Wet mash, either by liquid whey or water, was given to the ducklings during the whole day. Green feed was added to the ration just once a day. The statistical analysis did not show significant differences between the use of water and liquid whey but the results obtained with wet mash proved to be statistically better than the results obtained with dry mash.

O melaço de cana na alimentação dos pintos em crescimento

Two groups of 51 one day chickens were placed on a diet in which 10% of corn meal in the ration has been substituted by cane molasses. It was found that in the diet with cane molasses the chickens had a better development and the difference was found to be statistically significant. Since corn meal is more expensive than cane molasse, that substitution is recommended.

Estudo comparativo entre silagem de milho e cana taquara na alimentação suplementar de vacas leiteiras

The A. A. compare corn silage (Zea mays L.) with sugar cane (Saccharum sinensis Roxb.) in the supplementary feeding of dairy cow. Both the feeds were studied in relation to the following points: composition and nutritive value; influence of milk production, milk fat, milk acidity and body weight; cost of production. Both corn silage and sugar cane were analysed by ordinary methods, and their digestibility was determined by means of digestibility coefficients; their composition and nutritive value are, practically, equivalent, but silage showed slight superiority. The feeding experiment was carried out with two groups of six Holstein Friesian cows each, of the Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" herd. Both groups were fed with the same basic concentrates mixture, calculeted according to MORRISON. During the various periods of the experiment, only the roughage supplement varied. The supplementary feeding consisted of 15 kg of chopped sugar cane or corn, silage, per day and per cow, given in two daily meals in the barn. At 4,30 p.m., the cows are set free in the field, where they pass the over night. The experiment was divided into six periods, in which there was a gradative change of the supplementary feeding between the two groups. The milk was weighed every day; the analysis of milk fat and acidity and the weighing of the animals, were made only on the first three days of every week. The analysis of data showed that: a) Milk production was increased significantly by silage feeding; b) The ri was not any influence on milk fat; c) The silage caused higher milk acidity; d) The sugar cane gave a greater increase of body weight. The cost of production of corn silage was 2,12 time higher, than sugar cane, hence, although the silage gave a higher milk production, its use is not economical, compared with sugar cane, in our conditions.

O excremento de vaca na alimentação de pintos em crescimento

Foram tomados 2 lotes de pintos Rhode Island Red de 40 dias de idade que foram submetidos, o lote A a uma alimentação com ração sem proteina de origem animal, na qual a farinha de carne foi substituida por igual quantidade de farelo de torta de sementes de algodão, e adicionada à mesma 2 quilos de excremento de vaca, colhido fresco, secado ao sol e triturado; o lote B, que serviu de testemunha continha os mesmos ingredientes, com exceção de excremento de vaca e da torta de algodão, em lugar da qual figurava a farinha de carne. Alimentadas durante 6 semanas as aves se comportaram de maneira idêntica, acusando as do lote A um aumento leve e progressivo do peso médio, embora sem diferença estatística. O excremento de vaca foi satisfatório e supriu as deficiências da ração de tratamento em certos amino ácidos só presentes em proteinas de origem animal como a farinha de carne.

A terra na alimentação de pintos

This paper deals with an experiment to determine the optimum period (number of days) in fattening chickens. Thirty chickens R. I. R. were numbered, weighed and feeded in crate, with one standard ration (17% crude protein). The chickens were weighted every two days and the results obtained indicate the optimum is reached between 12 and 16 days of feeding. It was observed that after 16 days the weights stop or decrease progressively as showed by the Grafic I.

Estudos sôbre a alimentação mineral da mandioca (Manihot utilissima Pohl.)

1. The present work was carried out to study the effects of mineral nutrients in the yield as well as in the composition of cassava roots. The variety "Branca de Sta. Catarina" was grown by the sand culture method, the following treatments being used: N0 P0 K0, N0 P1 Kl, N1 P0 K1, N2 P1 K0, N2 P1 K1, N1 P2 K1, and N1 P1 K2, where the figures 0, 1, and 2 denote the relative proportion of a given element. The nutrients were given as follows: N = 35 grams of ammonium nitrate per pot loaded with 120 pounds of washed sand; P1 = 35 grams of monocalcium phosphate; Kl = 28 grams of sulfate of potash. Besides those fertilizers, each pot received 26 grams of magnesium sulfate and weekly doses of micronutrients as indicated by HOAGLAND and ARNON (1939). To apply the macronutrients the total doses were divided in three parts evenly distributed during the life cycle of cassava. 2. As far yield of roots and foliage are concerned, there are a few points to be considered: 2.1. the most striking effect on yield was verified when P was omitted from the fertilization; this treatment gave the poorest yields of the whole experiment; the need of that element for the phosphorylation of the starchy reserves explains such result; 2.2. phosphorus and nitrogen, under the experimental conditions, showed to be the most important nutrients for cassava; the effect of potassium in the weight of the roots produced was much less marked; it is noteworthy to mention, that in absence of potassium, the roots yield decreased whereas the foliage increased; as potassium is essential for the translocation of carbohydrates it is reasonable to admit that sugars produced in the leaves instead of going down and accumulate as starch in the roots were consumed in the production of more green matter. 3. Chemical analyses of roots revealed the following interesting points: 3.1. the lack of phosphorus brought about the most drastic reduction in the starch content of the roots; while the treatment N1 P1 K1 gave 32 per cent of starch, with NI PO Kl the amount found was 25 per cent; this result can be explained by the requirement of P for the enzymatic synthesis of starch; it has to be mentioned that the decrease in the starch content was associated with the remarkable drop in yield observed when P was omitted from the nutrient medium; 3.2. the double dosis of nitrogen in the treatment N2 P1 K1, gave the highest yields; however the increase in yield did not produce any industrial gain: whereas the treatment N1 P1 K1 gave 32 per cent of starch, by raising the N level to N2, the starch content fell to 24 per cent; now, considering the total amount of starch present in the roots, one can see, that the increase in roots yield did not compensate for the marked decrease in the starch content; that is, the amount of starch obtained with N1 P1 K1 does not differ statistically from the quantity obtained with N2 P1 K1; as far we know facts similar to this had been observed in sugar beets and sugar cane, as a result of the interaction between nitrogen and sugar produced; the biochemical aspect of the problem is very interesting: by raising the amount of assimilable nitrogen, instead of the carbohydrates polymerize to starch, they do combine to the amino groups to give proteinaceous materials; actually, it did happen that the protein content increased from 2.91 to 5.14 per cent.

A farinha de Rami como sucedâneo da farinha de fêno da alfafa, na alimentação de pintos

The ramie leaf meal was used in a feeding trial, in comparison with alfalfa hay meal in the range of 5% of the ration. Each lot consisted of two pens of 45 White American chicks was raised in batteries for 6 weeks. From results of the analisis of variance the AA. concluded for the superiority of the ramie leaf meal (586,4 g) over the alfalfa hay meal (540,1 g) in the conditions of the experiment.