Development of a reverse genetics system enabling the rescue of recombinant avian influenza virus A/Turkey/England/50-92/91 (H5N1)

We previously described the use of an established reverse genetics system for the generation of recombinant human influenza A viruses from cloned cDNAs. Here, we have assembled a set of plasmids to allow recovery of the avian H5N1 influenza virus A/Turkey/England/50-92/91 entirely from cDNA. This system enables us to introduce mutations or truncations into the cDNAs to create mutant viruses altered specifically in a chosen gene. These mutant viruses can then be used in future pathogenesis studies in chickens and in studies to understand the host range restrictions of avian influenza viruses in humans.

The old metal-poor open cluster ESO 92-SC05: accreted from a dwarf galaxy ?

The study of old open clusters outside the solar circle can bring constraints on formation scenarios of the outer disc. In particular, accretion of dwarf galaxies has been proposed as a likely mechanism in the area. We use BVI photometry for determining fundamental parameters of the faint open cluster ESO 92-SC05. Colour-magnitude diagrams are compared with Padova isochrones, in order to derive age, reddening and distance. We derive a reddening E(B - V) = 0.17, and an old age of similar to 6.0 Gyr. It is one of the rare open clusters known to be older than 5 Gyr. A metallicity of Z similar to 0.004 or [M/H] similar to -0.7 is found. The rather low metallicity suggests that this cluster might be the result of an accretion episode of a dwarf galaxy.

Violação dos princípios constitucionais expressos e seu controle pela lei de improbidade administrativa (Artigo 11, Lei 8.429/92)

A presente monografia tem como finalidade explicar e ressaltar a importância dos princípios constitucionais-administrativos disciplinados pelo artigo 37 da Constituição Federal, que são verdadeiras “cláusulas pétreas”, fazendo com que qualquer norma jurídica que os contrarie, seja submetida a controle jurídico pelos órgãos jurisdicionais. Tem como principal foco a identificação e análise dos atos de improbidade administrativa à luz do princípio da moralidade administrativa e seu controle pela Lei 8.429/92, demonstrando a possível incidência do agente público desonesto, ímprobo, em atos de improbidade administrativa que atentam contra os princípios da Administração Pública (artigo 11, Lei 8.429/92). Frisou-se também que a Lei 8.429/92 constitui marco na administração pública e no combate a corrupção, ante a preocupação cada vez maior com a impunidade dos agentes públicos e com o objetivo de defender a honestidade no exercício da função pública, uma vez que previu que a violação aos princípios administrativos incidiria em improbidade administrativa. Por fim, observou-se que a Lei 8.429/92 trouxe em seu corpo, severas sanções aplicáveis aos agentes públicos que incidem em ato de improbidade por violação aos princípios da Administração Pública (artigo 11), cominando-lhe sanções políticas, civis e administrativas (artigo 12, III) e definindo os sujeitos ativos e passivos desse ato de improbidade.

Public debt sustainability and endogenous seignorage in Brazil: time-series evidence from 1947-92

Using national accounts data for the revenue-GDP and expenditure GDP ratios from 1947 to 1992, we examine two central issues in public finance. First, was the path of public debt sustainable during this period? Second, if debt is sustainable, how has the government historically balanced the budget after hocks to either revenues or expenditures? The results show that (i) public deficit is stationary (bounded asymptotic variance), with the budget in Brazil being balanced almost entirely through changes in taxes, regardless of the cause of the initial imbalance. Expenditures are weakly exogenous, but tax revenues are not;(ii) a rational Brazilian consumer can have a behavior consistent with Ricardian Equivalence (iii) seignorage revenues are critical to restore intertemporal budget equilibrium, since, when we exclude them from total revenues, debt is not sustainable in econometric tests.

Public debt sustainability and endogenous seigniorage in Brazil: time-series evidence from 1947-92: revised version

Using national accounts data for the revenue-GDP and expenditureGDP ratios from 1947 to 1992, we examine three central issues in public finance. First, was the path of public debt sustainable during this period? Second, if debt is sustainable, how has the government historically balanced the budget after shocks to either revenues or expenditures? Third, are expenditures exogenous? The results show that (i) public deficit is stationary (bounded asymptotic variance), with the budget in Brazil being balanced almost entirely through changes in taxes, regardless of the cause of the initial imbalance. Expenditures are weakly exogenous, but tax revenues are not; (ii) the behavior of a rational Brazilian consumer may be consistent with Ricardian Equivalence; (iii) seigniorage revenues are critical to restore intertemporal budget equilibrium, since, when we exclude them from total revenues, debt is not sustainable in econometric tests.

PLANINDEX: 92-001

Contiene resúmenes bibliográficos de documentos sobre planificación y desarrollo en América Latina, recogidos y procesados en el marco del Sistema de Información para la Planificación en América Latina y el Caribe (INFOPLAN).

DOCPAL resúmenes sobre población en América Latina: 92-001

Contiene resúmenes bibliográficos de documentos sobre población y temas relacionados que se producen en América Latina y el Caribe, publicados entre 1981-1985.