Circumstantial Evidence for a Soft Nuclear Symmetry Energy at Suprasaturation Densities

Within an isospin- and momentum-dependent hadronic transport model, it is shown that the recent FOPI data on the pi(-)/pi(+) ratio in central heavy-ion collisions at SIS/GSI energies [Willy Reisdorf , Nucl. Phys. A 781, 459 (2007)] provide circumstantial evidence suggesting a rather soft nuclear symmetry energy E-sym(rho) at rho >= 2 rho(0) compared to the Akmal-Pandharipande-Ravenhall prediction. Some astrophysical implications and the need for further experimental confirmations are discussed.

The properties of halo structure for B-17

The total reaction cross section (1724 +/- 93 mb) of B-17 at the energy of 43.7 A MeV on C target has been measured by using the transmission method at the Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou (RIBLL). Assuming B-17 consists of a core B-15 plus two halo neutrons, the total cross section of B-17 on C target was calculated with the zero-range Glauber model, where double Gaussian density distributions and Gaussian plus HO density distributions were used. It can fit the experimental data very well. The characteristic of halo structure for B-17 was found with a large diffusion of the neutrons density distribution.

GIS支持下的辽宁省地表水环境功能区划

辽宁省现执行的地表水环境功能区划存在着环境功能与实际情况的差别,对水功能区目标期望值过高,难以适应当前环境管理需要。在GIS技术支持下,对辽宁省地表水环境功能进行了调整、核定和重新划分。建议将辽宁省地表水主要水系共划分781个水环境功能区,其中源头水域15个,自然保护区7个,饮用水源保护区204个,渔业用水区287个,景观娱乐用水区54个,工业用水区35个,农业用水区179个;采用基于组件的GIS开发技术,设计实现了辽宁省地表水环境功能区划信息系统,从而为辽宁省水环境功能区划信息管理、水资源保护及科学制定水环境管理方案提供决策支持。

长白山北坡植物群落α多样性及其随海拔梯度的变化

通过不同海拔高度的系统取样 ,研究了长白山北坡植物群落α多样性及其沿海拔梯度的变化规律 .结果表明 ,不同林层的乔木种 ,乔、灌、草各生活型类群 ,以及所有植物种的丰富度及多样性随海拔上升均表现出较明显的线性下降趋势 .乔木种从海拔 70 0m时的 19种至林线时下降为 1种 ;灌木和草本植物也分别从 2 0种和 6 1种 ,至山顶时下降为 2种和 15种 .乔木种和草本植物丰富度随海拔变化出现的几个峰值正是各植被带的分界 ,体现出过渡区物种丰富度较高的特点 .

东北地区主要森林生态系统凋落量的比较

以东北地区不同纬度带上4个区域内的典型森林类型为研究对象,采用直接收集法对森林凋落量进行连续3年的观测研究,结果表明,同一地区不同林型间的年凋落量差异显著,凋落量年变化不显著;落叶量占总量的比例最大,在70%以上,落枝和花果皮各占总量的20%以下,落枝量和落叶量之间存在正相关关系,相关系数为0.82;长白山区5种森林类型不同时期内凋落量统计结果显示,秋、冬季的凋落量明显大于春、夏季,前者为后者的2.62～9.14倍.不同凋落组分之间凋落动态不同,落叶以秋季为主,落枝和花果皮则年内分布比较均匀.同一林型的凋落量随纬度增加而减少,并建立了总体森林凋落量和白桦凋落量随纬度变化的数学关系式;总体森林凋落量和白桦林凋落量与温度均呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.95和0.91.

东北黑土区小流域农业景观结构与土壤侵蚀的关系

以黑土侵蚀区的拜泉县双阳河流域为案例,提取地形和土壤类型相对接近的30个上游子流域作为分析样本。以遥感、GIS和FRAGSTATS软件为平台获得景观格局指数,运用基于GIS的RUSLE模拟土壤侵蚀,通过相关性分析和多元回归研究景观指数与侵蚀模数的呼应关系。从而探讨土地利用调整和流域综合治理下的景观结构特征对土壤侵蚀的影响,为当地或同类地区土地利用规划和侵蚀治理提供科学参考。结果表明:顺坡垄农田面积百分比、景观聚集度与土壤侵蚀模数显著正相关,灌木林地、草地面积百分比、香农多样性指数与土壤侵蚀模数显著负相关。9个结构因子与土壤侵蚀模数的复相关系数(R=0·931)大于单因子相关系数,多个景观结构因子综合地影响了土壤侵蚀,且达到高度相关。研究区侵蚀强度较轻,但大于东北黑土区土壤容许流失量标准。农田是土壤水蚀的主要景观要素,同时也是水土保持的主战场。增加灌草地斑块、实施农田保护性耕作等将是该流域继续控制土壤侵蚀的有效办法之一。

The Early Diagenetic Formation of Organic Sulfur in the Sediments of Mangrove Lake, Bermuda

Due to a low mineral content, the sapropelic sediments depositing in Mangrove Lake, Bermuda, provide an excellent opportunity to explore for possible additions of sulfur to organic matter during the early stages of diagenesis. We evaluated early diagenetic organic sulfur transformations by monitoring the concentrations and stable isotopic compositions of a number of inorganic and organic sulfur pools, thereby accounting for all of the sulfur in the sediments. We have identified and quantified the following sulfur pools: porewater sulfate, porewater sulfide, elemental sulfur, pyrite sulfur, hydrolyzable organic sulfur (HYOS), chromium-reducible organic sulfur (CROS), and nonchromium-reducible organic sulfur (Non-CROS). Of the organic sulfur pools, the Non-CROS pool is by far the largest, followed by CROS, and finally HYOS. By 60 cm depth these pools contribute, respectively, to 85, 7.9, and 3.6% of the total solid phase sulfur. The HYOS pool is probably of biological origin and shows no interaction with the sulfur compounds produced during diagenesis. By contrast, CROS is produced, most likely, from the diagenetic addition of polysulfides to functionalized lipids in the upper, H2S-poor, elemental sulfur-rich, region of the sediment. A portion of this sulfur pool is unstable and decomposes on contact with the H2S-rich porewaters. The portion of CROS that remains in the sulfidic waters appears to readily exchange sulfur isotopes with H2S. While some of the Non-CROS pool is of biological origin, some is also formed by the diagenetic addition of sulfur to organic compounds in the upper H2S-poor region of the sediment. By contrast with CROS, Non-CROS is not diagenetically active in the H2S-rich porewaters. Overall, somewhere between 27 and 53 % of the organic sulfur buried in Mangrove Lake sediments is of diagenetic origin, with the remaining organic sulfur derived from biosynthesis. We extrapolate our Mangrove Lake results and calculate that in typical coastal marine sediments between 11 and 29 μmol g−1 of organic sulfur will form during early diagenesis, of which 2–5 μmol g−1 will be chromium reducible.

科尔沁沙地69种植物种子重量比较研究

研究了科尔沁沙地 6 9种植物的繁殖体 (30种为种子 ,39种为果实 )重量。结果表明 :1 )传播体为果实的植物可分为 4个组别 (即果实单粒重 <0 .1mg、0 .1～ 0 .9999mg、1～ 9.9999mg、1 0～ 99.9999mg) ;黄蒿 (Artemisiasco paria)果实 (0 .0 5 1 7mg)和小香蒲 (Typhaminima)果实 (0 .0 6 82mg)最轻 ,苍耳 (Xanthiumsibiricum)单个果实 (77.894 3mg)最重 ;2 )传播体为种子的植物可分为 3个组别 (即种子单粒重 0 .1～ 0 .9999mg、1～ 9.9999mg、1 0～ 99.9999mg) ;马齿苋 (Portulacaoleracea)种子 (0 .1 5 1 4mg)最轻 ,苦参 (Sophoraflavescens)种子 (4 6 .781 6mg)最重 ;3)黄蒿、马齿苋、轮叶沙参 (Adenophoratetraphylla)、碱地肤 (Kochiasieversiana)、狼尾花 (Lysimachiabarystachys)、灰绿藜 (Chenopodiumglaucum)、刺沙蓬 (Salsolaruthenica)、菟丝子 (Cuscutachinensis)、大籽蒿 (Artemisiasieversiana)、狗尾草 (Setariaviridis)、野古草 (Arundinellahirta)等植物所以广泛分布可能是因为它们繁殖体轻 (<1mg)且具有持久土壤种子库 ;4 )流沙上的先锋植物或沙生演替系列前期植物沙蓬 (Agriphyllumsquarrosum)、差巴嘎蒿 (Artemisiahalodendron)、乌丹蒿 (Artemisiawudanica)、狗尾草、雾冰藜 (Bassia

西部山青水绿 重在退耕还林还草

中国西部由于自然和人为因素的影响,森林破坏严重,生态环境日趋恶化,经济基础薄弱,自然生态条件较差,发展水平仍然较低,人均国内生产总值无一达到全国平均水平,严重地制约国民经济的发展和社会的安定团结,作者分析了森林遭到破坏之后所造成的恶果对整个国民经济持续、快速和健康发展的影响,研究了退耕还林在整治国土中的巨大作用.

深圳市酸雨特征及其成因分析

研究了深圳市1991~2004年的酸雨时空分布、降雨化学组成及其成因分析。结果表明,深圳市酸雨14年间pH平均值为4.98,酸雨频率为44.2%;降雨中SO42-与NO3-比值是3.78¨1,低于全国平均值6.4;酸雨夏秋两季较为严重,主要集中在3~9月份,而冬春两季降雨酸度和酸雨频率均较小;酸雨强度由西向东依次减弱;降雨中离子来源主要是工业和交通排放的酸性污染物,但陆地源和海洋源对降雨酸度的影响也较大。

生物处理镉污染土壤及其酶活性研究

以添加镉的天津农田土壤为对象,分别设定空白处理、添加诺沃肥处理及生物强化处理(添加1株紫外线诱变工程菌和诺沃肥),研究土壤在不同pH、温度和含水率条件下可提取有效态镉(E-Cd)、过氧化氢酶及脲酶活性的变化情况。结果表明,添加诺沃肥处理可以有效降低E-Cd含量,而生物强化处理可进一步促进镉的固定效果;最适合生物修复的环境条件为pH7.0、温度30℃和土壤含水率50%;添加诺沃肥处理和生物强化处理的土壤中过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性明显高于空白处理,说明生物修复后,土壤酶活性已经恢复,表明这2种处理能改善土壤结构和性能,提高土壤的肥力。

土壤中嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌的分离鉴定及其性能研究

采用改进型Leathen培养基直接从辽宁省抚顺市红透山铜矿附近的土壤中分离到了一株高度嗜酸的氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)菌株(暂命名为R2)。鉴定表明,该菌株为革兰氏阴性细菌,在扫描电镜下观察该菌株为短杆状,菌体大小为(0.4±0.2)μm×(1.6±0.4)μm。最适pH值2.0,化能自养型,能利用亚铁、单质硫和硫代硫酸钠生长,不能利用葡萄糖、蛋白胨生长。并且以16S rDNA序列同源性为基础构建了17株已报道菌种在内的系统发育树,将16S rDNA测序结果输入Genebank以Blast软件进行序列同源性比较,结果显示与氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)的多株细菌具有较高的同源性(>99%),其中与Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain TGS的相似性达到100%,与标准株Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain ATCC33020相似性为99.3%,结合其生理生化特性可以确定该菌为氧化亚铁硫杆菌种。序批式试验法研究表明,接种该株菌可有效溶出土壤中重金属,经过5d的生物淋滤,Cu、Cr、Zn、Cd的最高去除率分别达到30.6%、16.3%、58.4%和72%。

内蒙古陈巴尔虎旗饮茶型氟铝联合中毒调查

目的查明内蒙古陈巴尔虎旗饮茶型氟、铝联合中毒原因。方法在陈巴尔虎旗3个牧区嘎查随机抽取93名20~50岁牧民进行发、血清、尿含氟、铝水平测定,并拍摄前臂、小腿、骨盆正位及腰椎正侧位X线片,同时检测饮水、牛奶、砖茶等氟和铝水平,以扎兰屯市地方病防治研究所的34名23~50岁职工为对照组。结果陈巴尔虎旗牧民发、血清、尿及饮用的奶茶含铝量分别是(22.34±8.06)mg/kg、(1.13±0.48)mg/L、(3.78±1.62)mg/L、(6.02±1.77)mg/L,含氟量分别是(1.21±0.63)mg/kg、(0.092±0.042)mg/L、(2.08±1.16)mg/L、(3.00±1.11)mg/L,饮水、牛奶含铝量分别是(39±16)μg/L、(0.553±0.179)mg/L,含氟量分别是(0.50±0.39)、(0.063±0.032)mg/L;对照组发、血清、尿铝分别是(5.80±2.14)mg/kg,(0.203±0.101)mg/L、(2.19±1.34)mg/L,含氟量分别是(1.17±0.68)mg/kg、(0.033±0.008)mg/L、(0.57±0.32)mg/L,牧民发、血清、尿铝及血清、尿氟均高于对照组(P<0.001)。牧民X线改变硬化型22.2%(20/88),疏松型37.5%(33/88),退行性变86.4%(79/88),对照组退行性变13.3%(4/30),其余改变未检出。结论陈巴尔虎旗牧区饮茶型氟中毒实际为饮茶型氟、铝联合中毒。

STUDIES ON SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND CATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF LAN+1NINO3N+1 MIXED OXIDES

A series of (AO) (ABO(3))(n)(A = La, B = Ni, n = 1 similar to 4) type mixed oxides were synthesized and characterized by means of XRD, XPS, IR, TPD, TPR. Their structure characteristics and redox properties were studied. The nonstoichiometry (lambda) of oxygen and the valence of transition metal Ni were determined by using chemical analysis method. The catalytic activities of this series of mixed oxides for complete oxidation of CO and CH4 were examined and the relationships among activity, composition and structure were discussed.